𝜋

13-CHAPTERS FORMULAS 18. sec −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 = 2

19. sin-1x+sin-1y = sin-1[x√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]
RELATION & FUNCTIONS NAME
1. Equivalence (if below 3 satisfy) GRADE
a. Reflexive{(a, a)(b, b)(c, c)} SECTION
b. Symmetric{(a, b)(b, a)}
c. Transitive{(a, b)(b, c)(a, c)} 20. sin-1x - sin-1y = sin-1[x√1 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]
2. Bijective (if below 2 satisfy) 21. cos −1 𝑥 +cos −1 𝑦 = cos −1 [𝑥𝑦 −
a. One-one f(x1)=f(x2); x1=x2
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]
b. Onto f(x)=y; x=𝑓 −1 (y)
3. One-one (injective) n(A) ≤ n(B) 22. cos −1 x −cos −1 y = cos −1 [xy + √1 − x 2 √1 − y 2 ]
𝑥+𝑦
4. Onto (surjective) n(A) ≥ n(B) 23. tan−1 𝑥 +tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦)
5. Bijective n(A) = n(B) 𝑥−𝑦
24. tan−1 𝑥 −tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
6. BINARY OPERATOR: 1+𝑥𝑦
a. Commutative: a*b = b*a 2x 1−x2
25. 2tan−1 x = sin−1 ( ) = cos −1 (1+x2)
b. Associative:(a*b)*c=a*(b*c) 1+x2
2x
c. Identity: a*e=e*a=a = tan−1 ( )
d. Inverse: a*b=b*a=e (b is inverse to a) 1 − x2
26. 2sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY 27. 2cos −1 𝑥 = cos −1 (2𝑥 2 − 1)
28. 3sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
Function Domain Range 29. 3cos −1 𝑥 = cos −1 (4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 [−1,1] −𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
[ , ] 30. sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1(√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = tan−1 ( )
2 2 √1−𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 [−1,1] [0, 𝜋] √1−𝑥 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 R −𝜋 𝜋 31. cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1(√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = tan−1 ( )
( , ) 𝑥
2 2 𝑥 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 R (0, 𝜋) 32. tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 ( ) = cos −1 (√1+𝑥 2)
√1+𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 (-∞,-1] ∪ [1,∞) 𝜋
[0,π]-{ 2 } SUBSTITUTION FORMULAS
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 (-∞,-1] ∪ [1,∞) −𝜋 𝜋
[ 2 , 2] – {0} 1. √1 − 𝑥 2 then x = sin θ, cos θ
1. sin−1 (sin 𝜃) =θ 2. 1 + 𝑥 2 then x = tan θ, cot θ
2. cos −1 (cos 𝜃) = θ 3. √𝑥 2 − 1 then x = sec θ, cosec θ
3. tan−1 (tan 𝜃) = θ 1−𝑥
4. then x = cos 2θ
4. cot −1 (cot 𝜃) = θ 1+𝑥
1−𝑥 2
5. sec −1 (sec θ) = θ 5. then x2 = sin 2θ, cos 2θ
1+𝑥 2
6. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ) = θ
1
6. √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 then x = a sin θ, a cos θ
7. sin−1 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1
(𝑥) 7. 𝑎 2 + 𝑥 2 then x = a tan θ, a cot θ
8. cos −1 1 ( ) = sec −1 (𝑥) 8. √𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 then x = a sec θ, a cosec θ
𝑥 𝑎−𝑥
−1 1 9. then x = a cos 2θ
9. tan (𝑥) = cot −1 (𝑥) 𝑎+𝑥
𝑎−𝑥 2
10. sin−1 (−𝑥) = − sin−1 (𝑥) 10. then x2 = a sin 2θ, a cos 2θ
𝑎+𝑥 2
11. cos −1 (−𝑥) = π − cos −1 (𝑥)
12. tan−1 (−𝑥) = −tan−1 (𝑥)
MATRIX
13. cot −1 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cot −1 (𝑥) 1. AB ≠BA (Commutative)
−1 (−𝑥) 2. A(BC) =(AB)C (Associative)
14. sec = π − sec −1 (𝑥)
3. A(B+C) =AB+AC (Distributive)
15. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−𝑥) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (𝑥)
𝜋 4. (𝐴 + 𝐵)′ =𝐴′ + 𝐵′
16. sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = 2
5. (𝐾𝐴)′ = 𝐾𝐴′
𝜋
17. tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 = 6. (−𝐴)′ = −𝐴′
2
7. (𝐴𝐵)′ =𝐵′ 𝐴′ DETERMINANTS
8. (𝐴′ )𝑛 = (𝐴𝑛 )′ (n is a positive
integer) 𝑎 𝑏
1. A=| | then |A|=ad-bc
9. (𝐴′ )′ =A 𝑐 𝑑
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 2. |𝐴|′ =|A|
10. A=[𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 ] then 1 0 0
1 0
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 3. IDENTITY I2=[ ], I3=[0 1 0]
0 1
𝑒 𝑓 𝑑 𝑓 𝑑 𝑒 0 0 1
+| | −| | +| | 4. |𝐼𝑛 | = 1 (n is a natural number)
ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 5. MINOR(Mij) =(ad-bc)
Cofactor(A)= − | | + |𝑔 𝑖 | − | |
ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ 6. COFACTOR: (−1)𝑖+𝑗 (𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐)
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 7. |adj A| = |A|n-1
+| | − |𝑑 𝑓 | + | |
[ 𝑒 𝑓 𝑑 𝑒] 1
8. |𝐴−1 | =
11. adj(A) = (cofactor A)T |𝐴|
[
𝑑
]
−𝑏 9. If A is a square matrix of order n, then |kA|=𝑘 𝑛 |A|
𝑎 𝑏
12. A=[ ] then A-1= −𝑐 𝑎
10. adj (AB) = adj B. adj A
𝑐 𝑑 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐
13. Matrix multiplication 11. A.(adj A) = (adj A).A =|A|I
12. AB=BA=I then B=A-1 or A=B-1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑒 𝑓 𝑎𝑒 + 𝑏𝑔 𝑎𝑓 + 𝑏ℎ 13. adj(𝐴′ ) = (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴)′
[ ] [ ] =[ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑚×𝑛 𝑔 ℎ 𝑛×𝑜 𝑐𝑒 + 𝑑𝑔 𝑐𝑓 + 𝑑ℎ 𝑚×𝑜 14. adj(𝐴−1 ) = (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴)−1
15. SINGULAR: |A|=0
Note:1st matrix columns and 2nd matrix rows should
16. NON-SINGULAR: |A|≠0
be equal
17. CONSISTENT & INCONSISTENT:
14. SYMMETRIC MATRIX:- 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴 a. Case 1: If |A|≠0, then unique solution
15. SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRIX:- 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴 b. Case 2: If |A|=0 and (adj A)B≠0 then
16. SUM OF SYMMETRIC SKEW SYMMETRIC inconsistent
1 1 c. Case 3: If |A|=0 and (adj A)B=0 then
= 2 [𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ] + 2 [𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ]
consistent or inconsistent
Note: (i) Symmetric= [𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ] 18. If any two rows or any two columns are
(ii) Skew-Symmetric= [𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ] interchange then determinant sign will change
(𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴)
17. 𝐴−1 = |𝐴|
, where |𝐴| ≠ 0 19. If any two rows or any two columns are same then
18. (𝐴′ )−1 = (𝐴−1 )′ = 𝐴 determent value is zero(=0)
𝑎+𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 𝑏
19. (𝐴−1 )−1 = 𝐴 20. | | = |𝑎 𝑏 | + | |
𝑐+𝑓 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 𝑓 𝑑
20. 𝐴𝐴−1 = 𝐴−1 𝐴 =I
(𝐴𝐵) −1 −1 −1
21. =𝐵 𝐴
CONTINUITY &
22. (𝐴𝐵𝐶)−1 = 𝐶 −1 𝐵−1 𝐴−1
23. ELEMENTRARY ROW TRANSMISSION: DIFFERENTIABILITY
Step 1: R2⟶()R2±()R1
R3⟶()R3±()R1 1. CONTINUITY:
a. LHL=RHL=GL(continuous)
Step 2: R1⟶()R1±()R2
R3⟶()R3±()R2 b. LHL=RHL≠GL(limit exist and
discontinuous)
Step 3: R1⟶()R1±()R3
c. LHL≠RHL(dis-continuous)
R2⟶()R2±()R3
𝑓(𝑥−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 2. LHD lim
1 ℎ⟶0 −ℎ
24. Area of a triangle Δ= 2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| 𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 3. RHD lim
ℎ⟶0 ℎ
1 4. If LHD = RHD then it is differentiable
= |𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 )+𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )|
2 5. If LHD ≠ RHD then it is not differentiable
𝑥1 𝑦1 1
6. lim− 𝑓(𝑥) then lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ)
25. Collinear Δ= |𝑥2 𝑦2 1|=0. 𝑥⟶𝑎 ℎ⟶0
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 7. lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) then lim 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ)
𝑥⟶𝑎 ℎ⟶0
 𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎𝑛 𝑑 1
8. lim = 𝑛𝑎 𝑛−1 9. 𝑑𝑥
log x =𝑥
𝑥⟶𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
sin 𝑥 𝑥 10. (uv) =u𝑑𝑥+v𝑑𝑥
9. lim = lim =1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑥⟶0 sin 𝑥
𝑑 𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑣−𝑣 ′ 𝑢
10. lim
tan 𝑥
= lim
𝑥
=1 11. ( ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑥⟶0 tan 𝑥 𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 12. sin x = cosx
11. lim =1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑑
13. cos x = -sin x
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
12. lim =1 𝑑
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 14. tan x = sec2x
𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑥
13. lim = lim =a 15.
𝑑
cot x = -cosec2x
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑥⟶0 sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
tan 𝑎𝑥 𝑥 𝑑
14. lim = lim =a 16. sec x = sec x tan x
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑥⟶0 tan 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑎𝑥 𝑑
15. lim =a 17. cosec x =- cosec x cot x
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥⟶0 𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎𝑥 18. sin ax = a cosax
16. lim =a 𝑑𝑥
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑑
𝑒 𝑥 −1
19. 𝑑𝑥
cos ax = -a sin ax
17. lim =1 𝑑
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 20. tan ax = a sec2ax
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥
18. lim =a 21.
𝑑
cot ax = -a cosec2ax
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 −1 𝑑
19. lim = log 𝑒 𝑎 22. sec ax = a sec ax tan ax
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
log (1+𝑥) 𝑑
20. lim =1 23. cosec ax =-a cosec ax cot ax
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥⟶0
1 𝑑 1
24. sin-1x =
21. lim (1 + 𝑥)𝑥 =e 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑥⟶0 𝑑 −1
1−cos 𝑥 25. cos-1x =
22. lim =0 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑥⟶0 𝑥 𝑑 1
1−cos 𝑥 1 26. tan-1x =
23. lim =2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑥⟶0 𝑥2 𝑑 −1
1 𝑥
27. cot-1x =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
24. lim (1 + 𝑥) =e 𝑑 1
𝑥⟶∞
28. sec-1x =
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
25. lim = lim =0 −1
𝑥⟶∞ 𝑥 𝑥⟶∞ 𝑥 𝑑
29. cosec-1x =
26. ROLLES THEOREM 𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 𝑎
30. sin-1ax =
f(a) = f(b) then 𝑓 ′ (c) = 0 𝑑𝑥 √1−(𝑎𝑥)2
𝑑 −𝑎
31. cos-1ax =
19. LAGGRANGES MEAN VALUE THEOREM 𝑑𝑥 √1−(𝑎𝑥)2
𝑑 𝑎
32. tan-1ax =
𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎) 𝑑𝑥 1+(𝑎𝑥)2
𝑓′ (c) = 𝑑 −𝑎
𝑏−𝑎
33. cot-1ax =
𝑑𝑥 1+(𝑎𝑥)2
DIFFERENTIATION 34.
𝑑
sec-1ax =
𝑎
𝑑𝑥 |𝑎𝑥|√(𝑎𝑥)2 −1
𝑑 𝑑 −𝑎
1. 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 , (n≠-1) 35. cosec-1ax =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |𝑎𝑥|√(𝑎𝑥)2 −1
𝑑
2. 𝑘𝑥 =𝑘 36. PARAMETRIC EQUATION
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑥
3. const =0 x=f(t), y=f(t) then 𝑑𝑥 = , ( 𝑑𝑡 ) ≠ 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 ( 𝑑𝑡 )
4. 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥 37. POWER FUNCTION:
𝑑
5. 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 log a y=[𝑓(𝑥)] 𝑔(𝑥) then apply logarithm
𝑑𝑥
6.
𝑑 1
=−
1 38. SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE:
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑 1 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
7. 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 =
2√𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
8. 𝑑𝑥
(u±𝑣) = ± 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑥 𝑛+1
LOGARITHM 1. ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 dx =
𝑛+1
+c
2. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 dx = 𝑒𝑥 + c
1. log(ab) =log a + log b
𝑎𝑥
2.
𝑎
log(𝑏 ) =log a - log b 3. ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 dx = +c
log 𝑎
𝑚 1
3. log 𝑎 =m log a 4. ∫ dx = log |x| + c
𝑥
4. log 𝑎 𝑎 =1
5. ∫ log 𝑥 dx = x log x - x + c
log 𝑎
5. log 𝑏 𝑎 = 1
log 𝑏 6. ∫ dx = 2 √𝑥 + c
√𝑥
6. 𝑎 log𝑎 𝑚 =m 7. ∫ sin 𝑥 dx = - cos x + c
7. Log 1 =0
8. ∫ cos 𝑥 dx = sin x + c
8. Log 0 = -∞ cos 𝑎𝑥
𝑚 9. ∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 dx =− +𝑐
9. log 𝑏𝑛 𝑎 𝑚 = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
sin 𝑎𝑥
10. If log 𝑏 𝑎 =x then a = 𝑏 𝑥 10. ∫ cos 𝑎𝑥 dx = +𝑐
𝑎
11. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 dx = log |sec x| + c
APPLICATION OF 12. ∫ cot 𝑥 dx = log |sin x|+ c
13. ∫ sec 𝑥 dx = log |sec x + tan x|+ c
DERIVATIVES
14. ∫ cosec 𝑥 dx = log |cosec x- cot x|+ c
𝑑𝑦 15. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 dx = tan x + c
1. Increasing function ≥0 2
𝑑𝑥 16. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 dx = -cot x + c
𝑑𝑦
2. Strictly Increasing function >0 17. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 dx = sec x + c
𝑑𝑥
3. Decreasing function
𝑑𝑦
≤0 18. ∫ cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 dx= - cosec x + c
𝑑𝑥 1
𝑑𝑦 19. ∫ dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥)+ c
4. Strictly Decreasing function <0 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑦 20. ∫ dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑥)+ c
5. Slope of tangent is √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 1
−1 21. ∫ dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)+ c
6. Slope of normal is 𝑑𝑦
1+𝑥 2
−1
𝑑𝑥
22. ∫ dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑥)+ c
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑥 2
7. Equation of tangent y-y1= (x-x1) 1
𝑑𝑥 23. ∫ dx = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (𝑥) + c
−1 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
8. Equation of normal y-y1= (x-x1) −1
𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥
24. ∫ dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (𝑥) + c
𝑚1 −𝑚2 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
9. Angle between two curves tan θ = | | 1 𝑥
1+𝑚1 𝑚2 25. ∫ 2− dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑎)+ c
a. Parallel if m1=m2 √𝑎 𝑥2
−1 𝑥
b. Perpendicular if m1m2=-1 26. ∫ 2 dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑎)+ c
√𝑎 −𝑥 2
10. Error and approximation 1 1 𝑥
27. ∫ 2 2 dx = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎)+ c
a. f(x+Δx) ≅ f(x) + f 1(x) Δx 𝑥 +𝑎
−1 1 𝑥
11. MINIMA: 28. ∫ 2 2 dx = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑎)+ c
𝑥 +𝑎
𝑑𝑦 1
step1: 𝑑𝑥 =0 1 𝑎+𝑥
29. ∫ 2 2 dx = 2𝑎 log |𝑎−𝑥|+c
𝑎 −𝑥
step2: find the value of x(x= local minima) 1 1 𝑥−𝑎
𝑑2 𝑦 30. ∫ dx = log | |+c
𝑥 2 −𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
step3: second derivative >0(minima)
𝑑𝑥 2 1
31. ∫ 2 dx = log |x+√𝑥 2 + 𝑎 2 | +c
step4: f(x)=local minima value √𝑥 +𝑎2
1
12. MAXIMA: 32. ∫ 2 dx = log |x+√𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 | +c
𝑑𝑦 √𝑥 −𝑎2
step1: =0 𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 33. ∫ √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 dx = √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 (𝑎) +c
step2: find the value of x(x= local maxima) 2 2
𝑥 𝑎2
𝑑2 𝑦 34. ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 dx = √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 2 log |x+√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 |+c
step3: second derivative 𝑑𝑥 2
<0(maxima) 2
𝑥 𝑎2
step4: f(x)=local maxima value 35. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 dx =
2
√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 - 2 log |x+√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 |+c
INTEGRAL 36. ∫
𝑓′ (𝑥)
dx = log |f(x)| + c
𝑓(𝑥)
 𝑓′ (𝑥)
37. ∫ dx = 2√𝑓(𝑥) + c VECTORS
√𝑓(𝑥)
1. Position Vector PV= 𝑎⃗ = 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (from origin)
38. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓′(𝑥)] dx = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) +c
39. ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 [𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)] dx =−𝑒 −𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) +c 2. 𝑎⃗=𝑥𝑖̂+y𝑗̂+z𝑘̂ then |𝑎⃗|=√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
𝑓1 (𝑥) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 3. 𝑎⃗. 𝑎⃗ = |𝑎⃗|2
40. ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥) + ] dx= +c
𝑎 𝑎 4. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗(triangle law of vectors)
41. ∫[𝑥𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)] dx = x f(x) +c ⃗⃗
𝒂
[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛+1 ̂=
5. Unit vector 𝒂
|𝒂
⃗⃗|
42. ∫ 𝑓′(𝑥)[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1
6. Collinear & parallel vectors 𝑎⃗=λ𝑏⃗⃗
43. ∫ 𝑢𝑣 dx =u∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 -∫ 𝑢′ (∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥)𝑑𝑥
7. Section formula
(according to ILATE)
𝒎⃗𝒃⃗ +𝒏𝒂
⃗⃗
44. NUMERATORO ≥ DENOMINATORO a. Internally
𝒎+𝒏
a. LONG DIVISION METHOD 𝒎⃗𝒃⃗−𝒏𝒂
⃗⃗
b. Externally
45. NUMERATORO < DENOMINATORO 𝒎−𝒏
a. PARTIAL FRACTIONS ⃗⃗ . ⃗𝒃⃗
𝒂
8. Projection of 𝑎⃗ on 𝑏⃗⃗ =
𝑑 |⃗𝒃⃗|
b. NUM=A (DEN)+B 9. 𝑎⃗ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑖̂+cos 𝛽 𝑗̂+cos 𝛾 𝑘̂
𝑑𝑥

DEFINATE INTEGRALS 10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛾 = 1

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐵𝐶
11. 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐶𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0
(PROPERTIES)
𝑏 𝑏
12. If 𝑎⃗=𝑥𝑖̂+y𝑗̂+z𝑘̂ then DR’s are (x,y,z)
1. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)dx= ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)dx 13. If 𝑎⃗=𝑥𝑖̂+y𝑗̂+z𝑘̂ then DC’s are
a. Odd function f(a+b-x)=-f(x), where a & 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
(± ,± ,± )
b are limits √𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2 √𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2 √𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2
𝑥
b. Even function f(a+b-x)=+f(x), where a a. cos 𝛼= ±
√𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2
& b are limits 𝑦
2𝑎 b. cos 𝛽= ±
2. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)dx=0 (if it is odd function) √𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2
𝑧
2𝑎 𝑎 c. cos 𝛾 = ±
3. ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)dx=2∫0 𝑓(𝑥)dx (if it is even function) √𝑥 2+𝑦2 +𝑧 2

or 14. DOT PRODUCT:

𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗.𝑏
𝑏
4. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)dx=2∫𝑎 2 𝑓(𝑥)dx (if it is even function) a. cos θ= |𝑎⃗⃗||𝑏⃗⃗
|
𝑏
5. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)= lim ℎ{f(a)+f(a+h)+f(a+2h)+..+ b. 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 (𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑏⃗⃗)
ℎ⟶0
f[a+(n-1)h]} c. 𝑖̂. 𝑖̂ = 𝑗̂. 𝑗̂ = 𝑘̂ . 𝑘̂ = 1
Where nh=b-a d. 𝑖̂. 𝑗̂ = 𝑗̂. 𝑘̂ = 𝑘̂ . 𝑖̂ = 0
6. SEQUENCE AND SERIES: e. 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑎⃗
(𝑛−1)𝑛 15. CROSS PRODUCT:
a. 1+2+3+……+(n-1)= 2 ⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗ × 𝑏
(𝑛−1)𝑛(2𝑛−1) a. sin θ 𝑛̂ = |𝑎⃗⃗||𝑏⃗⃗ (angle between vectors)
b. 12 +22 +32 +…+(𝑛 − 1)2 = |
6
(𝑛−1)𝑛 2
b. 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 (𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗)
c. 13 +23 +33 +…+(𝑛 − 1)3 = ( ) c. unit vector 𝑐⃗ ⊥ to both 𝑎⃗ & 𝑏⃗⃗
2
𝑎(𝑟𝑛 −1) ⃗⃗ × ⃗𝒃⃗
𝒂
d. (Geometric Progression) Sn= i. 𝑐⃗ =
𝑟−1 ⃗⃗ × ⃗𝒃⃗|
|𝒂
d. Area of Parallelogram
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS i. Sides 𝑎⃗ & 𝑏⃗⃗ = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|
1
𝑥
1. Area between curves : ∫𝑥 2 |𝑦2 − 𝑦1 |dx ii. Diagonals 𝑎⃗ & 𝑏⃗⃗= 2 |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|
1
𝑦 e. Right angle triangle
2. Area between curves : ∫𝑦 2 |𝑥2 − 𝑥1 |dx
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 0 (any
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS one)
st
1. 1 priority variable and separable f. Area of triangle
2. 2nd priority homogeneous i.
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
|𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
2
3. 3rd priority integration factor
 1
ii. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐴| 7. Equation of the plane passing through point
2
1 (x1,y1,z1) & normal to a given plane
iii. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐶𝐵
|𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
2 a. Vector (𝑟⃗ − 𝑎⃗ ). 𝑛̂ = 0
g. If Area of triangle = 0 (points are b. Cartesian a(x-x1)+b(y-y1)+c(z-z1)=0
collinear) 8. Equation of a plane passing through three given
h. 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = −(𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑎⃗) points
i. 𝑎⃗ × 𝑎⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 0 a. Vector (𝑟⃗ − 𝑎⃗ ).[(𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑎⃗ )×(𝑐⃗ − 𝑎⃗ )] = 0
j. 𝑖̂ × 𝑖̂ = 0, 𝑗̂ × 𝑗̂ = 0, 𝑘̂ × 𝑘̂ = 0 𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1
b. Cartesian|𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 | =
k. 𝑖̂ × 𝑗̂ = 𝑘̂, 𝑗̂ × 𝑘̂ = 𝑖̂, 𝑘̂ × 𝑖̂ = 𝑗̂ 𝑥3 − 𝑥1 𝑦3 − 𝑦1 𝑧3 − 𝑧1
l. 𝑗̂ × 𝑖̂ = −𝑘̂, 𝑘̂ × 𝑗̂ = −𝑖̂, 𝑖̂ × 𝑘̂ = −𝑗̂ 0
16. COPLANAR: (all lines lies on a same plane) 9. Equation of plane passing through point (x1,y1,z1)
a. [ 𝑎⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ ]=0 & is parallel to vector 𝑏⃗⃗ & 𝑐⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷]=0
b. If parallelogram [𝐴𝐵 a. Vector (𝑟⃗ − 𝑎⃗).(𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗) = 0
c. [ 𝑎⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ ]= 𝑎⃗. (𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗) 𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1
b. Cartesian| 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 | = 0
3D- GEOMETRY 𝑥3 𝑦3 𝑧3
1. Equation of line passing through point (x1,y1,z1) & 10. Angle between the planes 𝑟⃗. 𝑛̂1 = 𝑑1 & 𝑟⃗. 𝑛̂2 = 𝑑 2
parallel to given vector ̂ 𝟏 .𝒏̂ 𝟐
𝒏
a. Cos θ = | |
a. Vector 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆𝑏⃗⃗ |𝒏̂ 𝟏 ||𝒏̂ 𝟐 |
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1
b. Cartesian = = 11. Angle between line and plane 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆𝑏⃗⃗ , 𝑟⃗. 𝑛̂ =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑑
2. Equation of the line passing through two ⃗𝒃⃗ . 𝒏
̂
points(x1,y1,z1) & (x2,y2,z2) a. Cos θ = | ⃗⃗ |
̂|
|𝒃||𝒏
a. Vector 𝑟⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆(𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑎⃗) 12. Equation of a plane passing through the line of
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1 intersection of two planes
b. Cartesian =𝑦 =𝑧
𝑥2 −𝑥1 2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑧1 a. Vector 𝑟⃗. (𝑛̂1 + 𝜆𝑛̂2 ) = d1+λd2
3. Angle between two lines b. Cartesian
(a1x+b1y+c1z+d1)+𝜆(a2x+b2y+c2z+d2)=0
𝑎1 𝑎2 +𝑏1 𝑏2 +𝑐1 𝑐2
a. Cosθ = | | 13. Distance of a point from a plane(foot of
√𝑎12 +𝑏12 +𝑐12 √𝑎22 +𝑏22 +𝑐22
perpendicular)
i. If L1⊥ L2 then a1a2+b1b2+c1c2=0 ⃗𝒅⃗−(𝒂 ̂)
⃗⃗ . 𝒏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
a. Vector | |𝒏
̂|
|
ii. If L1 // L2 then 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1
2 2 2 𝒂𝒙𝟏 +𝒃𝒚𝟏 +𝒄𝒛𝟏+ 𝒅
4. Shortest distance between skew lines b. Cartesian | |
√𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒄𝟐
(𝒄 ⃗⃗ ).(⃗𝒃⃗ × ⃗𝒅⃗)
⃗⃗ −𝒂 14. Foot of perpendicular
a. Vector | ⃗⃗ × ⃗𝒅⃗|
| (ans is always +ve)
|𝒃
𝑐1 −𝑎1 𝑐2 −𝑎2 𝑐3 −𝑎3 𝒙−𝒙𝟏 𝒚−𝒚𝟏 𝒛−𝒛𝟏 −(𝒂𝒙𝟏 +𝒃𝒚𝟏 +𝒄𝒛𝟏 +𝒅)
[ 𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 ] = = =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒄𝟐
𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3
b. Cartesian ̂𝑖 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
| 𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 |
15. Image
𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3 𝒙−𝒙𝟏 𝒚−𝒚𝟏 𝒛−𝒛𝟏 −𝟐(𝒂𝒙𝟏 +𝒃𝒚𝟏 +𝒄𝒛𝟏 +𝒅)
= = =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒄𝟐
5. Distance between two parallel lines
⃗𝒃⃗ × (𝒂
⃗⃗𝟐 −𝒂⃗⃗𝟏 ) PROBABILITY
a. Vector | |
|⃗𝒃⃗| 1. P(A∪B) = P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
|𝒅𝟐 −𝒅𝟏 | 2. P(A∪B∪C)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(A∩B)-P(B∩C)-
b. Cartesian
√𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒄𝟐 P(C∩A)+P(A∩B∩C)
6. Equation of a plane is 𝐴 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 𝐵 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
3. (i) P(𝐵)= (ii) P(𝐴 )=
a. Vector 𝑟⃗ . 𝑛̂ = d (where d is a 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴)
perpendicular distance from origin) 4. P(A∩B)=P(A).P(B) (If A and B are two
b. Cartesian ax+by+cz+d=0 (where independent events).
a,b,c are direction ratios) 5. 0≤P(E)≤1
6. P(𝜑)=0
7. P(S)=1
8. P(𝐸̅ ) = 1-P(E)
9. If A1∪A2∪A3∪A4∪…….An=S, then
P(A1)+ P(A2)+ P(A3)+ P(A4)+…….. +P(An)=1
10. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION:

X1 X2 X3 …. Xn
P(X1) P(X2) P(X3) …. P(Xn)
11. MEAN AND VARIANCE OF PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE:
a. Mean (𝜇) =∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑝𝑖 𝑥𝑖
b. Variance =∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑝𝑖 𝑥𝑖2 − 𝜇2
c. Standard deviation (SD) =√𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
12. BAYE’S THEOREM:
𝐴
𝑃(𝐸𝑖 )𝑃(𝐸 )
𝐸 𝑖
a. P( 𝐴𝑖 ) = 𝐴
∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑃(𝐸𝑖 )𝑃(𝐸 )
𝑖
13. BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION:
a. p+q=1
b. P(success)=p
c. P(failure) =q
d. P(getting r success)=P(X=r) = nCr pr qn-r