Brilliance American School

High school department

Science Department

Study Guide
CHAPTER 14 and 15 REVIEW

Sections included in the

final exam Resources

chapter 14: All materials are uploaded on the

edupage at the revision and
section 14.1: Refraction assessment section (student pdf,
revision sheet with answers, study
section 14.2: Thin lenses guide, powerpoint, ….etc)

section 14.3: Optical Phenomena

chapter 15:

section 15.1: Interference

section 15.2: Diffraction

section 15.3: Laser.

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REFRACTION OPTICAL PHENOMENA

1. a. n  c/v 1. a. 
r  55.8
b. 2.25  108 m/s b. sin
r  1.28 > 1: internal
2. a. 13.0 reflection
b. 13.0, 20.0 c. 
r  24.4
c. Angles inside glass: 25, 35, d. 
r  38.5; r  74.5; r 
40; Angles coming out of 33.4
glass: 40, 60, 80 2. 
r  48.8, the angle is too
d. Student sketches should
large, light with 45 incident
indicate that the rays exiting angle will be refracted and exit
the glass are parallel to the
rays entering it.
THIN LENSES
1. a. Check student diagrams.
Rays should be drawn
straight, according to rules for
ray tracing.
b. A is real, inverted, and
smaller.
c. B is real, inverted, and
smaller; C is virtual, upright,
and larger
2. A: 4.80 cm; B: 7.5 cm; C: 6.00
cm

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Refraction
1. The speed of light in air is 3.00  108 ms.
a. How does the index of refraction relate to the speed of light in a medium?
n  c/v

b. The index of refraction of water is 1.33. What is the speed of light in water?

2.25  108 m/s

2. A light ray traveling in air strikes a glass plate with a refractive index of
1.52 at a 20.0 angle from the normal. After refraction, going in and out of
the glass, the exiting ray forms an angle  with the normal to the surface on
the other side.

a. Find , the angle of refraction from air to glass. 13.0

b. The plate sides are parallel. Find , the angle of incidence from glass to
air, and , the angle of refraction.
13.0, 20.0

c. Repeat when the angle of incidence from air is 40, 60, and 80.
Angles inside glass: 25, 35, 40; Angles coming out of glass: 40,
60, 80

d. Sketch the results on the diagram above.

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Refraction

Diagram Skills
Thin Lenses
1. A converging lens has a focal length of 3.00 cm. The letters A, B, and C
are used as objects placed at distances of 8.00 cm, 5.00 cm, and 2.00 cm,
respectively, from the lens.
a. Sketch ray diagrams to locate the image of A: Draw one ray from the top of
the head parallel to the axis and another ray from the head through the
focal point. Verify that the image is also in the ray that passes through the
center of the lens.

b. Is the image of A real? inverted? magnified?

A is real, inverted, and smaller.

c. Repeat questions a and b for the object at positions B and C.

A: 4.80 cm; B: 7.5 cm; C: 6.00 cm

B is real, inverted, and smaller; C is virtual, upright, and

larger

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2. Calculate the image location for the object at A, B, and C in problem
1. Compare your results with your diagrams.
A: 4.80 cm; B: 7.5 cm; C: 6.00 cm

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Optical Phenomena
Indices of Refraction for Various Substances
Substance n Substance n
Diamond 2.419 Ethyl alcohol 1.361
Sodium chloride 1.544 Water 1.333
Glycerine 1.473 Air 1.000
Fluorite 1.434
1. A light ray inside a diamond strikes the boundary with air at 20.0 from the
normal.
a. Calculate the angle of refraction of that light ray.

r  55.8
b. What happens when the incident angle is 32.0?
sin r  1.28 > 1: internal reflection

c. What is the critical angle for this light traveling from diamond to air?
r  24.4

d. The diamond is immersed in water. The same light ray strikes the
diamond- water boundary at a 20.0 angle. Answer items a, b, and c for this
case.
r  38.5; r  74.5; r  33.4

2. Glass prisms with 90, 45, 45 angles are used in periscopes because light
entering the right-angle side undergoes internal reflection on the 45 side of
the prisms. What happens if the sides of the prisms are made of thin glass
and the prisms are filled with water? Use the critical angle of water to
answer.
r  48.8, the angle is too large, light with 45 incident angle will
be refracted and exit

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Refraction

Chapter 14 Guide
Answers
1. a. Ray 1 at 45°; Ray 2 at 14.9°
b. Rays should intersect inside the aquarium.
c. Because the rays are no longer parallel, they will intersect in the water.
2. a. First boundary: 70.0°, 45.0°
Second boundary: 45.0°, 40.4°
Third boundary: 40.3°, 36.8°
b. Incoming rays get closer and closer to the normal. Reflected rays get farther away from the
normal with the same angles.
3. a. 9.00 cm
b. 12.9 cm, 14.4 cm, 18.0 cm, 36.0 cm, 18.0 cm 2.58 cm, 3.6 cm, 6.00 cm, 18.0 cm, 18.0 cm
real, real, real, real, virtual
4. 18.0 cm,with all images virtual and on the left of the lens 11.2, 10.3, 9.00, 7.20, 4.50
5. a. 6.00 cm in front of the lens
b. 0.857 cm

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Refraction

Chapter 14 Guide
1. Two parallel rays enter an aquarium as
shown. Ray 1 forms a 70.0 angle with
the normal to the surface. Ray 2 forms
a 20.0 angle with the normal to the
wall. (Hint: the index of refraction for
water is 1.33.)
a. Calculate the angle of refraction of each ray.

Ray 1 at 45°; Ray 2 at 14.9°

b. Trace the path of each light ray inside the water.
c. Are the refracted rays inside the water still parallel? Will they intersect
in the water?

Because the rays are no longer parallel, they will intersect in the water

2. A large beaker contains layers of water of increasing salinity, separated by a

thin plastic plate. The lowest layer has the highest salinity and refractive
index, as shown in the diagram. A ray of light strikes the surface of fresh water
at the top, at a 70.0 angle from the normal.

a. Find the angles of refraction and the angles of incidence at each boundary.
First boundary: 70.0°, 45.0°
Second boundary: 45.0°, 40.4°
Third boundary: 40.3°, 36.8°

b. There is a flat mirror at the bottom of the container. Trace the path of
one light ray coming from the air to the bottom of the beaker and back.
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Refraction

Chapter 14 Guide
Incoming rays get closer and closer to the normal. Reflected rays get farther
away from the normal with the same angles.

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Chapter Study Guide continued

3. An object located 36.0 cm from a thin converging lens has a real

image located 12.0 cm from the lens.
a. Find the focal point of this lens.

9.00 cm
b. Find the location, type, and size of the image formed by a 6.00 cm tall
object located 30.0 cm, 24.0 cm, 18.0 cm, 12.0 cm, and 6.00 cm in front
of the lens.

12.9 cm, 14.4 cm, 18.0 cm, 36.0 cm, 18.0 cm 2.58 cm, 3.6 cm, 6.00 cm, 18.0 cm,
18.0 cm real, real, real, real, virtual

4. The converging lens in item 3 is replaced by a diverging lens. Now the image
of the first object is located 12.0 cm in front of the lens. Find the focal
distance of the diverging lens and the location of the images produced when
the object is placed at the distances described in item 3b.
18.0 cm,with all images virtual and on the left of the lens 11.2, 10.3, 9.00,
7.20, 4.50

5. A bug placed 1.00 cm under a magnifying glass appears exactly six

times larger.
a. Where is the bug’s image located?

6.00 cm in front of the lens

b. What is the focal point of the lens in the magnifying glass?

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0.857 cm

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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Notes and Answers
Refraction
CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL)
1. b 23. The index of refraction of the first medium
2. b must be greater than the index of refraction
3. c of the second medium.
4. c 24. Each colored component of the incoming
5. d ray is refracted depending on its wavelength.
6. a The rays fan out from the second face of the
7. a prism to produce a visible spectrum.
8. c 25. 16.7
9. d Given
10. c i  28.0
11. c ni  1.00
12. a nr  1.63
13. a Solution
14. a Rearrange Snell’s law, ni sin i = nr sin r,
15. c and solve for r.
16. b
17. a  ni 
r  sin 1 (sin
18. a i)

19. b 
 nr 
1  1.00
20. d sin  (sin 28.0 )  16.7
1.63
21. The speed of light decreases.
22. The image is upright and virtual.

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Assessment

Refraction
Chapter Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

1. Part of a pencil that is placed in a glass of water appears bent in relation

to the part of the pencil that extends out of the water. What is this
phenomenon called?
a. interference c. diffraction
b. refraction d. reflection

2. Refraction is the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes at an

angle from one into another.
a. glass c. area
b. medium d. boundary

3. The of light can change when light is refracted

because the medium changes.
a. frequency c. speed
b. color d. transparency

4. Light is not refracted when it is

a. traveling from air into a glass of water at an angle of 35 to the normal.
b. traveling from water into air at an angle of 35 to the normal.
c. striking a wood surface at an angle of 75.
d. traveling from air into a diamond at an angle of 45.

5. When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into
another material in which its speed is higher,
a. it is bent toward the normal to the surface.
b. it always lies along the normal to the surface.
c. it is unaffected.
d. it is bent away from the normal to the surface.

6. When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into
another material in which its speed is lower,
a. it is bent toward the normal to the surface.
b. it always lies along the normal to the surface.
c. it is unaffected.
d. it is bent away from the normal to the surface.

7. What type of image is formed when rays of light actually intersect?

a. real c. curved
b. virtual d. projected

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Chapter Test A
continued
8. What type of image does a converging lens produce?
a. real c. real or virtual
b. virtual d. none of the above
9. In what direction does a parallel ray from an object proceed after
passing through a diverging lens?
a. The ray passes through the center of curvature, C.
b. The ray continues parallel to the principal axis.
c. The ray passes through the center of the lens.
d. The ray is directed away from the focal point, F.
10. In what direction does a focal ray from an object proceed after passing
through a converging lens?
a. The ray passes through the focal point, F.
b. The ray passes through the center of the lens.
c. The ray exits the lens parallel to the principal axis.
d. The ray intersects with the center of curvature, C.
11. In what direction does a focal ray from an object proceed after passing
through a diverging lens?
a. The ray passes through the focal point, F.
b. The ray passes through the center of the lens.
c. The ray exits the lens parallel to the principal axis.
d. The ray intersects with the center of curvature, C.
12. In what direction does a parallel ray from an object proceed after
passing through a converging lens?
a. The ray passes through the focal point, F.
b. The ray continues parallel to the principal axis.
c. The ray passes through the center of the lens.
d. The ray is directed away from the focal point, F.
13. How many focal points and focal lengths do converging and diverging
lenses have?
a. two, one c. one, one
b. one, two d. two, two
14. The focal length for a converging lens is
a. always positive.
b. always negative.
c. dependent on the location of the object.
d. dependent on the location of the image.
15. A virtual image has a image distance (q) and is located
in of the lens.
a. positive, front c. negative, front
b. positive, back d. negative, back
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Chapter Test A
continued
16. The focal length for a diverging lens is
a. always positive.
b. always negative.
c. dependent on the location of the object.
d. dependent on the location of the image.

17. In the diagram of a compound microscope shown above, where would

you place the slide?
a.
at O c. at F0
b.
at I2 d. at I1

18. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray
incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical
angle?
a. total internal reflection
b. total external transmission
c. partial reflection, partial transmission
d. partial reflection, total transmission
19. Atmospheric refraction of light rays is responsible for which of the
following effects?
a. spherical aberration
b. mirages
c. chromatic aberration
d. total internal reflection in a gemstone
20. Which is not correct when describing the formation of rainbows?
a. A rainbow is really spherical in nature.
b. Sunlight is spread into a spectrum when it enters a
spherical raindrop.
c. Sunlight is internally reflected on the back side of a raindrop.
d. All wavelengths refract at the same angle.

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Chapter Test A
continued
SHORT ANSWER
21. What happens to the speed of light as it moves into a substance with a
higher index of refraction?
The speed of light decreases.

22. What does a positive magnification signify?

The image is upright and virtual.

23. What condition must be met before total internal refraction can occur?

The index of refraction of the first medium must be greater

than the index of refraction of the second medium

24. How does white light passing through a prism produce a visible spectrum?

Each colored component of the incoming ray is refracted depending on its

wavelength. The rays fan out from the second face of the prism to produce a visible
spectrum

PROBLEM
25. A ray of light passes from air into carbon disulfide (n  1.63) at an angle
of 28.0 to the normal. What is the refracted angle?

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Interference and Diffraction

Chapter 15 Guide
Notes and Answers
1. Coherent light is individual
direction. The incoherent
light waves of the same
light should have a light
wavelength that have the
source with waves radiating
properties of a single light
out in different directions.
wave.
3. Answers will vary.
2. diagrams should show a
Examples are CD players,
coherent light source with
laser scalpels, laser range
light waves moving in the
finders.
same

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 Interference and
Diffraction

1. Describe the term coherent light.

Coherent light is individual light waves of the same

wavelength that have the properties of a single light wave

2. Draw a diagram that illustrates coherent light and incoherent light.

3. List three applications of lasers.

Answers will vary. Examples are CD players, laser scalpels,

laser range finders