Answer Key
Chapter Test A 24. Sample answer: no,
Multiple Choice because body cells do not
1. a give rise to gametes, so
2. b the mutation would not be
3. c passed on.
25. Yes, the human body has
4. d
5. b DNA repair enzymes that
6. c help find and fix mutations.
7. a
8. c
9. a
10. a
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. c
15. b
Short Answer
16. translation
17. tRNA
18. 4
19. 5; the small ribosomal
unit binds to mRNA in the
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
cytoplasm. The binding
attracts a tRNA with
methionine to the start
codon.
20. When the ribosome
encountered a stop codon,
the peptide strand would be
released and the ribosome
would fall apart.
21. frameshift mutation,
insertion
22. Sample answer: The
reading frame is thrown
off because all of the
nucleotides are shifted to
the right.
23. Sample answer: The
resulting protein could
have a different amino acid
sequence and, as a result, a
different shape.
Answer Key 1
CHAPTER FROM DNA TO PROTEINS
8 Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1. What did Hershey and Chase know 5. Which scientists figured out the
about bacteriophages that led them three-dimensional structure of DNA by
to use these viruses in their DNA using a model of metal and wood?
experiments? a. Hershey and Chase
a. Bacteriophages are made up of a b. Watson and Crick
protein coat surrounding DNA. c. Pauling and Franklin
b. Sulfur in all bacteriophages is d. Chargaff and Griffith
radioactive.
c. Protein from bacteriophages enters 6. In humans, where does DNA replication
bacteria. take place?
d. Bacteriophages have no DNA of a. cytoplasm c. nucleus
their own.
b. ribosome d. vacuole
2. Which scientist conducted tests on
7. During replication, the function of the
extracts made of bacteria to show that
enzyme DNA polymerase is to
the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?
a. bind nucleotides together.
a. Martha Chase
b. send messages.
b. Oswald Avery
c. receive messages.
c. Frederick Griffith
d. locate replication sites.
From DNA to Proteins
d. Alfred Hershey
CHAPTER 8
3. Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides
of the other DNA strand.
C C G T A C T
FIG. 8.1
a. GGT c. GGC
b. CCT d. TTA
4. The main difference between the four
nucleotides that make up DNA is that
they have different
a. sugars. c. bonds.
b. uracil. d. bases.
Assessment Book Chapter Test A 155
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
8. Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of 12. How many amino acids are coded for
DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides by the strand of mRNA shown below?
of the complementary RNA strand. Assume the reading frame begins with
the first nucleotide.
CGAUAC
T A G A G T C
a. 1 c. 3
FIG. 8.2
b. 2 d. 6
a. AUT c. AUC
b. CTA d. ACG 13. Where is messenger RNA “edited” into
its final form?
9. During transcription, what does a. in the cytoplasm
messenger RNA do?
b. in the ribosomes
a. It delivers DNA’s instructions for c. in the nucleus
making proteins. d. in the anticodon
b. It constructs proteins out of random
amino acids. 14. What is the term for the sections of
c. It strings together two messenger RNA that are spliced together
complementary DNA strands. during processing?
d. It strings together two a. operators
complementary RNA strands. b. promotors
c. exons
10. In order to produce all the protein that a
d. introns
cell needs, transcription takes place
From DNA to Proteins
a. on a gene segment over and over 15. In bacteria, what binds with the repressor
again. to activate the lac operon?
CHAPTER 8
b. on a gene segment only once. a. enzymes
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
c. using double-stranded RNA. b. lactose
d. using single-stranded RNA. c. repressors
d. promoters
11. The central dogma states that
information flows from
a. RNA to DNA to polysaccharides.
b. DNA to RNA to proteins.
c. RNA to DNA to proteins.
d. DNA to polysaccharides to RNA.
156 Chapter Test A Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
2 5
4
FIG. 8.3
16. What process is shown in Figure 8.3?
17. Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.
18. Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds
to the start codon.
From DNA to Proteins
19. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the
CHAPTER 8
ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation?
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
20. Suppose the ribosome encounters a stop codon. Predict how the process shown would
terminate.
Assessment Book Chapter Test A 157
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)
A U G U A A G U U U G G C
Met Lys Phe Gly
FIG. 8.4
21. What type of mutation is shown in Figure 8.4?
22. How does this type of mutation affect the way the mRNA is read?
23. Suppose this mutation occurred in a coding region of mRNA. How would it affect the
structure of the resulting protein?
From DNA to Proteins
24. Suppose this mutation occurred in a body cell. Would offspring be affected? Explain.
CHAPTER 8
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
25. Does the body have any built-in defense against mutations? Explain.
158 Chapter Test A Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology