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Arch Linux Beginner's Installation Guide

This document is a comprehensive tutorial for installing Arch Linux, detailing the commands and steps required for both a barebones installation and setting up a graphical user interface. It includes instructions for partitioning, formatting, installing the base system, configuring locales, and installing a desktop environment. Additionally, it covers package management using pacman and yaourt for software installation and maintenance.

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119 views10 pages

Arch Linux Beginner's Installation Guide

This document is a comprehensive tutorial for installing Arch Linux, detailing the commands and steps required for both a barebones installation and setting up a graphical user interface. It includes instructions for partitioning, formatting, installing the base system, configuring locales, and installing a desktop environment. Additionally, it covers package management using pacman and yaourt for software installation and maintenance.

Uploaded by

someirtamdeed
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Arch Linux Tutorial

A GUEST JUL 27TH, 2015 420 NEVER

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1. ====

2. Part I: A Barebones Install, Serving a Whole System


3. ====

4.
5. ## There will be a list of commands that you will be using a lot at the end of this, as well as a briefing on some of the software

you will likely be using.

6.
7.

8. $wifi-menu
9. # UI to connect to wifi

10.

11. $ping -c 5 [Link]


12. # ping, count, site

13.
14. $lsblk

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15. # list storage devices
16.

17. $cfdisk /dev/sda

18. # format tool, drive

19. INSTRUCTIONS: Delete partitions, create a primary root partition first, then use remaining space to create a swap partition. Flag

root as bootable, change swap to type:linux-swapsomething


20.

21. $ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

22. # format root partition with ext4

23.

24. $ mkswap /dev/sda2


25. $ swapon /dev/sda2

26. # use swap partition

27.

28. $ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt


29. # mount root partition as /mnt

30.

31. $ pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel

32. # install base system

33.
34. $ genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

35. # u need it idk why enter it carefully

36.

37. $ arch-chroot /mnt

38. # entering your new install as root before initial boot


39.

40. $ nano /etc/[Link]

41. # edit language file

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42. INSTRUCTIONS: Uncomment any languages you want to use by deleting the '#' sign. In my case," en_US.UTF-8". Nano uses the shortcut
CTRL+X to exit, y to save during exit, and enter to confirm the filename.

43.
44. $ locale-gen
45. # generate locale file

46.
47. $ echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/[Link]

48. $ export LANG=en_US.UTF-8


49. # does shit
50.

51. $ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
52. $ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/

53. # lists countries and timezones


54. # choose one in the below syntax
55.

56. $ ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York > /etc/localtime


57. # set time zone as eastern US
58.

59. $ hwclock --systohc --utc


60. # configure the hardware clock to UTC

61.
62. $ nano /etc/[Link]
63. # opens pacman package manager's list of software repositories

64. INSTRUCTIONS, uncomment the [multilib] repository, add the following repository in consistent format:
65. [archlinuxfr]

66. SigLevel = Never


67. Server = [Link]
68.

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69. $ pacman -Sy

70. # updates your repository list


71.
72. $ echo your-host-name > /etc/hostname

73. # changes your computer hostname as desired


74.

75. $ passwd
76. # changes your root password
77.

78. $ useradd -m -g users -G wheel,storage,power -s /bin/bash your-user-name


79. # adds a user

80.
81. $ passwd your-user-name
82. # edits the user's password

83.
84. $ pacman -S sudo

85. # installs the ability to get superuser privileges via the sudo command
86.
87. $ EDITOR=nano visudo

88. # opens a file that you need to edit (lel


89. INSTRUCTIONS: Uncomment the line "%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL".

90.
91. $ pacman -S grub
92. $ grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

93. # downloads grub bootloader, installs grub to the selected hard drive
94.
95. $ pacman -S os-prober

96. # package that has grub check for other oses, recommended.

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97.

98. $ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/[Link]


99. # adds arch to grub's boot list

100.

101. $ ip link
102. $ systemctl enable dhcpcd@[Link]

103. #lists network adapters (e.g. 'eno1', 'lo'), enables network service (the intranetz) on said adapter

104.
105. $ pacman -Syu

106. # make sure all repositories and packages are up to date

107.

108.
109. ## It is at this point in the tutorial that you have a working, barebones installation of Arch. However, you do NOT currently have

any shred of a GUI. To end the installation here (you can do what you want any time), exit the chroot ($exit), unmount your root

partition ($umount -r /mnt), and reboot ($reboot)


110.

111. ====

112. PART II: A working GUI, Ready for a Desktop Environment


113. ====

114.

115. $ pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm


116. # installs xorg, the base of your GUI

117.

118. $ pacman -S mesa

119. # basic graphical drivers, choose option 1 for ATI/AMD and option 2 for nVidia.
120.

121. $ pacman -S bash-completion yaourt

122. # installs a couple of utilities you want and need

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123.

124. [OPTION 1]
125. $ pacman -S xf86-video-ati

126. # installs open source AMD drivers, not recommended for gaming

127.

128. [OPTION 2]
129. $ pacman -S xf86-video-intel

130. # installs open source Intel drivers

131.
132. $ pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

133. # lightdm is a display manager, basically a launcher that allows you to login and choose your distro

134. # there are others, but they are shit


135.

136. $ pacman -S a52dec faac faad2 flac jasper lame libdca libdv libmad libmpeg2 libtheora libvorbis libxv wavpack x264 xvidcore

gstreamer0.10-plugins

137. # installs media codecs which you will most likely require for daily use
138.

139.

140. ## Now you have a working Arch install, entirely ready to accept the desktop environment or window manager (advanced) of your choice!
You can end the install here and $reboot (after leaving chroot and unmounting) if you think you're ready to go out on your own. If

you do, be sure to enable your new display manager with "$systemctl enable [Link]" so that you can see it when you reboot!

Or do it later to continue booting into the shell.


141.

142. ====

143. STEP III: Choosing a Desktop Environment

144. ====
145.

146. Possibly the simplest step of all, usually done by "$sudo pacman -S desktop-environment"

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147.

148. Here is your link to any DE you could want: [Link]

149.
150. Just install one you like with "$pacman -S" and select it from the display manager when you boot up!

151.

152. You may want to install a graphical network manager if you need to do any configuring, otherwise dhcpcd will work just fine!
153.

154. [INSTALL NETWORK MANAGER]

155. $ pacman -S networkmanager

156. $ systemctl disable [Link]


157. # install a network manager, disable dhcp (important!)

158.

159. ====
160. STEP IV: Installing Software

161. ====

162.
163. ## Note that this section is *entirely* based on my opinions, and installs what I believe to be a good set of software to get

started.

164.

165. $ sudo pacman -S deluge chromium iceweasel terminator gvim gimp vlc brasero
166. # installs a basic set of software for daily use

167. # iceweasel and chromium are both browsers, Firefox and Chrome respectively, and thus you only really need one -- you can still

uninstall them later.


168.

169. ## Other pacman packages you may want are skype, libreoffice, and steam.

170.
171.

172.

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173. ========
174. Installing Software, Basic Maintenance, Conclusion

175. ========

176.
177. [YAOURT AND THE AUR]

178.

179. ## Yaourt may be the most powerful program on Arch. It allows you to install packages from the Arch User Repository: a community
maintained database of software designed/repackaged specifically for use with Arch Linux. Yaourt allows you to quickly and easily

search for and install these packages.

180.
181. $ yaourt package-name

182. # searches for an AUR package, such as Chrome or Teamviewer, installing is self-explanatory

183.

184. $ yaourt -Syua


185. # updates the AUR and your AUR packages

186.

187. ## Search the AUR: [Link]


188.

189. [PACMAN]

190.
191. ## Pacman manages and installs software (and your OS!) from the official open source Arch repositories, as well as any custom

repositories you might choose to add to the [Link] file.

192.

193. $ pacman -S package


194. # installs package

195.

196. $ pacman -Rns package


197. # removes a package and all of its dependencies

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198.

199. $ pacman -R package


200. # removes a package
201.

202. $ pacman -Sy


203. # updates pacman's repositories
204.

205. $ pacman -Syu


206. # updates pacman's repositories and installed packages

207.
208. [ROOT]
209.

210. $ su
211. # enables root permissions for a given console session
212.

213. $ sudo your-command


214. #enables root permissions for a command
215.

216. [BASIC]
217.
218. $ sudo nano /directory/file/

219. # edits a text file


220.
221. $ cd /directory/

222. # moves your terminal's working folder to a directory


223.
224. $ /.program

225. # executes a program in the current directory

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226.

227. [EVERYTHING ELSE]


228. [Link]

229. noob2noobarchhelp@[Link]
230. # :)

RAW Paste Data

====
Part I: A Barebones Install, Serving a Whole System
====

## There will be a list of commands that you will be using a lot at the end of this, as well as a briefing on some of the
software you will likely be using.

$wifi-menu

create new paste / dealsnew! / syntax languages / archive / faq / tools / night mode / api / scraping api
privacy statement / cookies policy / terms of service / security disclosure / dmca / contact

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Common questions

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`yaourt` complements `pacman` by providing access to the Arch User Repository (AUR), which contains user-contributed packages not available in the official repositories. While `pacman` manages packages from official sources, `yaourt` allows users to search for, build, and install packages from the AUR, extending the scope of the software available to users .

The command `$ pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel` is used to install the base Arch Linux system along with base development tools into the mounted root partition. This command ensures that the minimum required packages are installed to boot into a working Arch Linux environment .

When choosing a Desktop Environment (DE) for Arch Linux, considerations should include resource usage, compatibility with the system, user needs (e.g., simplicity vs. advanced features), and the DE's support for desired applications. The DE should provide an interface that aligns with the user's workflow and system performance expectations .

`pacman` is pivotal in Arch Linux for its role in managing packages from the official repositories as well as any custom repositories added to the system. It helps update, remove, and install software efficiently and is integral for the system's ongoing software maintenance. Its ability to handle package dependencies automatically streamlines software management, thus forming the backbone of Arch Linux's package management system .

`grub` is the bootloader that is required for booting Arch Linux, and it is installed with `$ pacman -S grub`. `os-prober`, on the other hand, is a utility that checks for other operating systems installed on your computer. Installing `os-prober` is recommended to ensure that GRUB can list all installed operating systems, making it easier to configure multi-boot setups .

Enabling `lightdm` on an Arch Linux system provides a graphical login interface which facilitates user login and session management. This can significantly enhance user experience by allowing them to choose different desktop environments and manage user sessions graphically, as opposed to using terminal commands for these actions .

After setting the time zone using the command `$ ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York > /etc/localtime`, the hardware clock is configured to UTC with `$ hwclock --systohc --utc` . It is important to configure the hardware clock correctly to ensure system processes that rely on time settings, like cron jobs or filesystem timestamps, work as expected and to avoid issues when dual booting with operating systems that read the clock as local time.

During a fresh Arch Linux installation, a swap partition is created using a partitioning tool such as `cfdisk` to allocate part of the disk for swap. This partition is then formatted as swap with `$ mkswap /dev/sda2` and activated using `$ swapon /dev/sda2`, enabling it for use as virtual memory .

Disabling `dhcpcd` after installing `networkmanager` is suggested because both services can conflict in managing network interfaces. `networkmanager` provides a more comprehensive and user-friendly tool for network configuration, including a graphical utility, making it more suitable for users who require a versatile network management solution .

Uncommenting '%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL' in the sudoers file grants users in the 'wheel' group the ability to execute any command as any user, effectively giving them administrative or superuser privileges. This step is crucial in a multi-user environment to restrict and control user access to administrative functions .

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