Isothermal Titration
Calorimeter
Glucometer
Blood glucose
test strips
Immunoassay
Analyzer
DNA Biosensor
WHAT IS A BIOSENSOR ?
• A "biosensor" is a specialized type of sensor that uses a biological
component (such as an enzyme or antibody), to specifically detect
and measure the concentration of a particular analyte (biological
molecule) in a sample.
• These analytical devices combine a biological recognition element
(enzyme, antibody, DNA) with a transducer (optical, mass or
electrochemical) to generate a measurable signal related to the
analyte concentration.
• Biosensors have found an important place in our society as they aim
to improve the quality of life in diverse areas such as defence and
security, agriculture, food safety, environment, medicine and
pharmacology.
• Biosensors provide many advantages in comparison to standard
analytical detection methods such as minimal sample preparation
and handling, faster time analysis, simpler steps of analysis, rapid A glucometer is a handheld device used in
diabetes management to measure the
detection of the analytes of concern, use of nonskilled personnel, and concentration of glucose in the blood.
portability.
“FATHER OF BIOSENSORS”
APPLICATION OF BIOSENSORS
COMPONENTS OF BIOSENSOR
ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAY
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BIOSENSOR
BIORECOGNITION ELEMENT/ BIORECEPTOR
MODE OF ACTION OF BIORECOGNITION ELEMENT
Enzymes
3 rd Component: Amplification and detection
TYPES OF BIOSENSORS
Enzyme-based biosensors
are a common type of
biosensor used in
healthcare.
Resonant Biosensor
Optical detection Biosensor
Thermal detection Biosensor
▪ The temperature were measured by a thermistor.
Electrochemical Biosensor
Measure the current (electron ) arise during the reaction
Measurement of the electrical conductivity of a solution during the course
of a chemical reaction
Measure the potential difference between two
electrodes
Glucose Biosensor
Electrochemical glucose biosensors typically
monitor oxidative current produced by
glucose oxidase (GOx)
Principle:
(a) Glucose binds in the enzymatic binding
pocket of glucose oxidase (GOX).
(b) An applied potential catalyzes the
oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and
hydrogen peroxide. (c) Hydrogen peroxide
dissociates to O2, 2 H+, and 2 free electrons;
(d) Electrons are measured using
electrochemical or optical techniques.
The measured electrical signal is directly
proportional to glucose concentration
Questions
1. What are biosensors? Elaborate on the components of a biosensor?
2. Write short notes on (1) Resonant (2) Optical (3) Thermal (4) Ion Selective (5)
Electrochemical biosensors.
3. Explain the working of glucose biosensor?
4. What is the application of biosensors in (1) Detection of diseases (2) detection of
pollutants (3) ?
Biosensors in disease detection (Not in course)
The category of Biosensor use for DNA detection is also known as biodetector
It senses the DNA-DNA/ Antigen –Antibody interaction.
Detection of pollutants (Not in course)
Methods
Immunoassay
• Biosensors has developed to detect Reporter gene
various organic molecule including • Reporter gene of a cell can detect the external
benzopyrene and parathion pollutants.
• Based on immunological reaction. • This gene code for light, such as lux gene.
• Here antibodies employed to detect • When light is emitted indicating, pathway
specific environmental pollutant. induced in the presence of specific pollutant.
• Antibodies coupled with transducer,
which convert binding event to a
signal that can be analysed.