CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis, presentation and description of data collected using the
Questionnaire in Appendix I. Responses on the questionnaires has been presented in tables,
Figures and description.
4.2 General and Demographic Information
4.2.1 General information to include the return rate and any research problems;
Data was collected from the 42 IHLs under study in Gabiley County. The sample size drawn was
174 respondents who were heads of department in the 42 IHLs. Out of the 174 questionnaires
Printed and distributed, 116 were correctly filled and returned making a response rate of sixty
seven percent (67%) as shown in table 4.1. Saunders et al., (2007) recommends that a response
Rate above fifty percent (50%) is sufficient for a study.
Table 4.1: Response rate
Category of respondents Targeted number Actual response
Heads of Department 174 116
4.2.2 Respondents’ demographic characteristics
The respondents’ were drawn from the 52 institutions that gave feedback on the questionnaires
Issued. The respondents’ demographic data analyzed included their age, gender, and employee
Category, level of education and number of years worked in the institution.
4.2.3 Gender and age of respondents
The research established the gender and age of the respondents as shown by the results are in
Table 4.2 Gender and age of respondents
Gender Age Percent Total
18' to 25 26' to 35 36' to 45 46' to 55
yrs yrs yrs yrs
female 4 11 27 7 42.24 49
male 5 9 25 28 57.76 67
Total 9 20 52 35 100.00 116
Source: Survey (2017)
From the findings presented in Table 4.2, the sample size of the study is N of 116 respondents,
Out of whom; male respondents constituted 67 respondents (57.76%), while 49 respondents
(42.24%) were female. This was fairly balanced and demonstrated a fair representation of either
Gender in the research study.
The findings also indicate that fifty-two (52) respondents were aged between 36-45 years of
Which twenty-seven (27) were female; while thirty-two (32) respondents were aged
Between 46- 55 years; twenty (20) respondents were between 26-35 years, and nine (9)
respondents were
Between 18-25 years. This implies that most heads of department in the IHLs surveyed are
Middle-aged employees. This can be credited to the level of experience and expertise that is
Required to work in this level of management.
4.2.4 Job category and level of education of respondents
The research established the job category and level of education of the respondents as shown in
Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Job category and level of education of respondents
Education level Job category percentage Total
Teaching Non-teaching
certificate 0 25 21 25
Diploma 4 2 27 31
Degree 21 20 20 23
Postgraduate 37 4 32 37
Total 65 51 100 116
Source: Survey (2017)
From the findings presented in Table 4.3 fifty-seven percent (57%) of respondents were teaching
Staff while forty-three percent (43%) were non-teaching staff. This indicates that the study had a
Balanced response from both the teaching and non-teaching staff in the IHLs. In addition,
thirtytwo percent (32%) of the respondents indicated they had a postgraduate degree; twenty
percent
(20%) had bachelor’s degree and twenty-seven percent (27%) had a diploma. The remaining
Twenty-one percent (21%) indicated they had a certificate and these were only non-teaching
staff.
This depicts that most of the employees working at IHLs in Kiambu County are literate hence
They are capable of adopting any strategic issues that the organization formulate with aim of
Improving organizational performance.
4.4 Work experience of the respondents
The study sought to assess the number of years the respondents had served in their respective
IHLs so as to establish their work experience. The results are presented in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4 Work experience
Work Age Percent Total
experience 18’ to 25 26’ to 35 36’ to 45 46’ to 55
years years years years
‹ 1 year 6 10 8 5 25 29
1-5 years 2 4 15 17 33 38
6-10 years 1 3 18 2 21 24
11-15 years 0 3 10 6 16 19
Over 15
0 0 1 5 5 6
years
Total 9 20 52 35 100 116
Source: Survey (2017)
From the findings, thirty-three percent (33%) of the respondents had 1- 5 years
of experience, whereas those who had worked for less than a year accounted for
twenty-five percent (25%). Respondents with 6-10 years’ experience accounted
for twenty-one percent (21%) of the sample; while sixteen percent (16%)
indicated they had worked for 11-15 years, with the remaining five percent (5%)
indicating they had spent above 15 years in the IHL. This indicates that the
institutions under study have been in operation for more than 10 years since
some employees of 46' to 55 years had worked for over fifteen years and hence
have experience and knowledge of the operation of these institutions.
4.6 Summary of Data Analysis
every project is implemented with checks and balances in between start
and ending
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
strongly 5 11.9 11.9 11.9
disagree
disagree 4 9.5 9.5 21.4
Valid neutra 8 19.0 19.0 40.5
agree 22 52.4 52.4 92.9
strongly agree 3 7.1 7.1 100.0
Total 42 100.0 100.0
There are stated consequences for employees who fail to meet required
standards of activities and projects
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
strongly 2 4.8 4.8 4.8
disagree
disagree 8 19.0 19.0 23.8
Valid neutra 13 31.0 31.0 54.8
agree 15 35.7 35.7 90.5
strongly agree 4 9.5 9.5 100.0
Total 42 100.0 100.0
The institution regularly outsource external auditors to evaluate senior
management of the institution
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
strongly 1 2.4 2.4 2.4
disagree
disagree 9 21.4 21.4 23.8
Valid neutra 9 21.4 21.4 45.2
agree 15 35.7 35.7 81.0
strongly agree 8 19.0 19.0 100.0
Total 42 100.0 100.0