Name : ___________________ Date : ____________________

Intena,onal General Cer,ficate of Secondary Educa,on

Physics
Year 8&9
Chapter 5
Forces and MaFer

1. Fig. 1.1 shows water stored in a reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam.

Fig 1.1

(a) State the form of the energy stored in the water in the reservoir that is used to generate

electricity.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The turbine is 150 m below the level of the water in the reservoir.

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3. (i) Calculate the
total pressure in the water at the turbine.

pressure = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The turbine has a cross-sectional area of 3.5 m2.

Calculate the force exerted on the turbine by the water.

force = .......................................................... [2]

(c) The water flows to the turbine through a pipe of constant cross-sectional area.
Explain why the kinetic energy of the water in the pipe remains constant as it flows through
the pipe.

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[Total: 8]
2) Fig. 2.1 shows a spring balance used to measure the weight of a baby. The spring inside
the balance extends when a mass is suspended from it. The dial shows the extension of
spring as a value of mass in kg.

Fig 2.2

The spring obeys Hooke’s law up to a weight of 175 N.

(a) (i) State Hooke’s law.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State the relationship between the mass of the baby and the force exerted on the spring
due to the baby.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) The reading on the spring balance is 8.0 kg.

Determine the force exerted on the spring due to the baby.

force = ..................................................... [1]

(b) The limit of proportionality for the spring is at a force of 175 N.

Sketch the extension–load graph for the spring. The sketch must continue beyond a force of
175 N.

Fig 2.2

(c) The baby is carried from the ground floor to the bedroom. The vertical height of the
bedroom above the ground floor is 3.5m.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the baby when it is carried from the
ground floor to the bedroom.

change in gravitational potential energy = ..................................................... [2] [Total: 7]

3) Fig. 3.1 shows a load suspended from a spring.

Fig 3.1
The value of the spring constant k of the spring is 0.20N/cm. The spring reaches its limit of
proportionality when the load is 15 N.

(a) Calculate the extension of the spring when the load is 3.0 N.

extension = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Explain what is meant by the term limit of proportionality of the spring.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) On Fig. 3.2, sketch an extension–load graph for a spring. Label the limit of
proportionality with the letter L on your graph

Fig 3.2

(d) The load is pulled down a small distance below its equilibrium position to position A, as
shown in Fig. 2.3. The load then moves up and down between position A and position B in
Fig. 2.3.

Fig 3.3
Describe the energy transfers which occur as the load moves:
from position A to the equilibrium position

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from the equilibrium position to position B.

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[3] [Total: 9]

4) Fig. 4.1 is the extension–load graph for a light spring S.

Fig 4.1

(a) State the range of loads for which S obeys Hooke’s law.

from ....................................................... to .......................................................... [1]

(b) Using information from Fig. 2.1, determine the spring constant k of spring S.

k = ......................................................... [2]

(c)

A second spring, identical to spring S, is attached to spring S. The two springs are attached
to a rod, as shown in Fig. 4.2. A load of 4.0 N is suspended from the bottom of spring S. The
arrangement is in equilibrium.
 Fig 4.2

(i) State the name of the form of energy stored in the two springs when they are stretched.

.................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Determine the extension of the arrangement in Fig. 4.2.

extension = ................................................... cm [1]

(iii) The load is carefully increased to 6.0 N in total.

Calculate the distance moved by the load to the new equilibrium position as the load
increases from 4.0N to 6.0N.

distance moved = ......................................................... [1] [Total: 6]

5) Fig. 5.1 shows a small submarine submerged below the surface of the sea.

Fig 5.1

(a) The density of sea water is 1030kg/m3.

Calculate the pressure due to the sea water on the top of the submarine when it is 3.0 × 103
m below the surface.

pressure = ......................................................... [2]

6) (a) State two properties of an object that may be changed by the action of forces.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. Fig. 2.1 shows a
chest expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two
handles.

Fig 6.1
Each spring has an unstretched length of 0.63 m.

Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite
directions.

(i) The springs obey Hooke’s law.

Explain what is meant by this statement.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Each athlete pulls the handle towards himself with a force of 1300 N.

1. State the tension in each spring.

tension = ........................................................ [1]

2. The chest expander stretches and each spring is now 0.94 m long.

Calculate the spring constant k of each spring.

k = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) State the energy changes taking place as the two athletes use their muscles to stretch
the chest expander.

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7) A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled
with a liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg. (a) Calculate

(b) (i) the weight of liquid in the container,

weight = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value
calculated in (a)(ii).

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2] [Total: 6]

8) (a)Define Youngs modulus.

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...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) For forces up to 120N, a spring obeys Hooke’s Law. A force of 120 N causes an
extension of 64 mm.

(i) On Fig. 8.1, draw the force-extension graph for the spring for loads up to 120 N. [1]

Fig 8.1

(ii) Calculate the spring constant k of the spring.

k = ...........................................................[2]

(c) A student makes a spring balance using the spring in (b). The maximum reading of this
balance is 150N.

The student tests his balance with a known weight of 140N. He observes that the reading of
the balance is not 140N.

Suggest and explain why the reading is not 140 N.

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...............................................................................................................................................[2]