GOOD MORNING EVERYONE
presenting :
CRO(cathod ray oscilloscope)
Introduction:-
CROCRO is a very useful and versatile instrument which
is used for display, measurement and analysis of
waveforms and other phenomenon in electric and
electronic circuits. CRO is basically x-y positions plotter
which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
Many oscilloscope have the measurment tool that
helps us to measure waveform characteristic like
frequency , voltage,amplitude and many more
feature with accuracy.
# TYPE OF WAVE IN CRO:-
1. Sine wave
2. Square wave
3. Triangle wave
4. Sawtooth wave
# OPERATION OF CRO:-
The signal to be displayed is amplified by
the vertical amplifier and applied to the
vertical deflection plates of the CRT. A
portion of the signal in the vertical
amplifier is applied to the sweep trigger
as trigging signal.
The sweep trigger then generates a pulse
coincident with a selected point in the
cycle of triggering signal. The sweep
pulse turns on the sweep generator
initiating the sawtooth waveform. The
sawtooth wave is amplified by the
horizontal amplifier and applied to the
horizonal deflection plates. Usually,
addition provisions signal are made for
applying an external triggering signal or
utilizing the 50Hz line for triggering. Also
the sweep generator may be bypassed
and an external signal applied directly to
the horizontal amplifier. The graduated
screen has normally 8cm on the vertical
axis and the horizontal.
# CRO CONTROLS:-
· VERTICAL AMPLIFIER: It is used to
boost the signal strength to the desired
level
· TIME BASE GENERATOR: It is used to
generate the sawtooth wave to deflect
the signal along the x-axis at a selected
constant rate.
· HORIZONTAL AMPLIFIER: The sawtooth
waves are generated is generally weak
signal. The horizontal amplifier amplifies
to the desired level.
· DELAY LINE: It is used to delay the
signal reaching the vertical section so
that signals to both horizontal and
vertical sections reach together.
TIGGER CURRENT: It is used to
synchronize the vertical and horizontal
deflections.
POWER SUPPLY: Very high open circuit
voltage of the order 1000v to 1500v,
generated by voltage multiplier, are used
to CRO’s deflecting plates.
# USES OF CRO:-i
1. Current measurment
2. Frequency measurment
3. Voltage measurment a very useful and v CRO is a v
# CURRENT MEASURMENT:-
Electrical current cannot be measured directly by an
oscilloscope. However, it could be measured indirectly
within scope by attaching probes or resister .
Resister measure the voltage across the point and then
substituting the value of voltage and resistance in ohm’s
law and calculate the value of electric current.
Another east way to measure current is due to use a
clampon current probe with an oscilloscope.
# FREQUENCY MEASURMENT:-
Frequency can be measured on an
oscilloscope by investigating the
frequency spectrum of a signal on the
screen and making a small calculation .
Frequency is define as the several times
cycle of an observed wave takes up in a
second . Maximum frequency of a scope
can measure may vary but it always in
100’s of MHz range . To check the
responces of signals in a circuit, scope
measures the rise and fall time of the
wave.
# VOLTAGE MEASURMENT:-
The oscilloscope is mainly voltage oriented
device or we can say that it is a voltage
measuring device voltage , current and
resistance all are internally related to each
other .
Voltage is amount of electric potential
between two points in a circuit . It is
measured from peak to peak amplitude which
measure the absolute difference between the
maximum point of signal and its minimum
point of signal.
After measuring all high and low voltage point
scope calculates the average of the minimum
amd maximum voltage.
#APPLICATIONS OF CRO:-
1. There are huge application of CRO in radio
station to observe the sending and receiving
signal properties.
2 .CRO helps to view the characteristics and
property of a signal that is why it also help to
control the analog signals.
3. CRO is used with the resonance circuit the
bandwith , wave shape ,etc.
4. the shape of voltage and current waveform
can be observed by CRO which helps to take
the necessary decision in a radio station or
communication station.
5. CRO also used to observe the characteristic
of amplitude modulation circuits, frequency
modulation circuits, etc .
#surement and analysis of waveforms and ot BY :-
shruti pareek&
sharvani gautam
phenomenon in t THANK YOU and
electronic circuits. CRO is basically x-y positions plotter
which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have the CRO is a very useful
and versatile instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other
phenomenon in electric and electronic circuits. CRO is
basically x-y positions plotter which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have the CRO is a very useful
and versatile instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other
phenomenon in electric and electronic circuits. CRO is
basically x-y positions plotter which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have the CRO is a very useful
and versatile instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other
phenomenon in electric and electronic circuits. CRO is
basically x-y positions plotter which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have the CRO is a very useful
and versatile instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other
phenomenon in electric and electronic circuits. CRO is
basically x-y positions plotter which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have theersatile instrument
which is used for display, measurement and analysis of
waveforms and other phenomenon in electric and
electronic circuits. CRO is basically x-y positions plotter
which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
· Many oscilloscope have the CRO is a very useful
and versatile instrument which is used for display,
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other
phenomenon in electric and electronic circuits. CRO is
basically x-y positions plotter which plots an input signals.
· CRO depends on the movement of electron beam
which produces a luminous spot via help of electron
which strikes the fluorescent screen at higher frequency.
Electron beam follows a rapid variation in signal voltage
and traces a path on Cathode Ray Tube(CRT).
· CRT converts electrical signal into visual signal. It
mainly consist the electron gun and electrostatic
deflection plates (horizontal and vertical). The horizontal
input plates moves the electron beam left to right
whereas the vertical input plates moves the beam up
and down.
Oscilloscope is basically called an electron beam
voltmeter.
Many oscilloscope have the