Total Time- 1 hours 30 minutes Total Marks- 60

1. Consider the following unbalanced reaction: (1 marks)

P4(s) + F2(g) → PF3(g)

2. The empirical formula of styrene is CH; the molar mass of styrene is 104.14 g/mol. What number of H
atoms are present in a 2.00-g sample of styrene? (1 marks)

3. An ionic compound MX3 is prepared according to the following unbalanced chemical equation.
M + X2 → MX3

A 0.105-g sample of X2 contains 8.92 × 1020 molecules. The compound MX3 consists of 54.47% X by
mass. What are the identities of M and X, and what is the correct name for MX3? Starting with 1.00 g
each of M and X2, what mass of MX3 can be prepared? (3 marks)

4. From the information below, determine the mass of substance C that will be formed if 45.0 grams of
substance A reacts with 23.0 grams of substance B. (Assume that the reaction between A and B goes to
completion.) (4 marks)
a. Substance A is a gray solid that consists of an alkaline earth metal and carbon (37.5% by mass). It
reacts with substance B to produce substances 𝐶 and 𝐷. Forty million trillion formula units of A have
a mass of 4.26 milligrams.
b. 47.9 grams of substance B contains 5.36 grams of hydrogen and 42.5 grams of oxygen.
c. When 10.0 grams of C is burned in excess oxygen, 33.8 grams of carbon dioxide and 6.92 grams of
water are produced. A mass spectrum of substance 𝐶 shows a parent molecular ion with a mass-to-
charge ratio of 26.
d. Substance 𝐷 is the hydroxide of the metal in substance 𝐴.

5. Hydrogen cyanide is produced industrially from the reaction of gaseous ammonia, oxygen, and methane:
2NH3 (g) + 3O2 (g) + 2CH4 (g) → 2HCN(g) + 6H2 O(g)

If 5.00 × 103 kg each of NH3, O2, and CH4 are reacted, what mass of HCN and of H2O will be produced,
assuming 100% yield? (2 marks)

6. Acrylonitrile (C3 H3 N) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced by
the following reaction.

2C3 H6 (g) + 2NH3 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2C3 H3 N(g) + 6H2 O(g)

If 15.0 g C3H6, 10.0 g O2, and 5.00 g NH3 are reacted, what mass of acrylonitrile can be produced,
assuming 100% yield? (1 marks)

7. Give the balanced equation for each of the following chemical reactions:
a. Glucose (C6H12O6) reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor.

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 b. Solid iron (III) sulfide reacts with gaseous hydrogen chloride to form solid iron (III) chloride and
hydrogen sulfide gas.
c. Carbon disulfide liquid reacts with ammonia gas to produce hydrogen sulfide gas and solid
ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). (3 marks)

8. Chloral hydrate (C2 H3 Cl3 O2 ) is a drug formerly used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is the compound
used to make "Mickey Finns" in detective stories. (6 marks)
a. Calculate the molar mass of chloral hydrate.
b. What amount (moles) of (C2 H3 Cl3 O2 ) molecules are in 500.0 g chloral hydrate?
c. What is the mass in grams of 2.0 × 10−2 mol chloral hydrate?
d. What number of chlorine atoms are in 5.0 g chloral hydrate?
e. What mass of chloral hydrate would contain 1.0 g Cl?
f. What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?

9. Give the empirical formula for each of the compounds represented below. (3 marks)

10. How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of each of the following atoms? In a neutral atom of
each element, how many electrons are present? (3 marks)
a. ⁷⁹Br b. ¹³³Cs
c. ⁸¹Br d. ³H
e. ²³⁹Pu f. ⁵⁶Fe

11. Write the atomic symbol ( AZX) for each of the following isotopes. (3 marks)
a. 𝑍 = 8, number of neutrons = 9

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 b. the isotope of chlorine in which 𝐴 = 37
c. 𝑍 = 27, 𝐴 = 60
d. number of protons = 26, number of neutrons = 31
e. the isotope of I with a mass number of 131
f. 𝑍 = 3, number of neutrons = 4

12. Microwave radiation has a wavelength on the order of 1.0 cm. Calculate the frequency and the energy of
a single photon of this radiation. Calculate the energy of an Avogadro’s number of photons (called an
einstein) of this radiation. (1 marks)

13. Carbon absorbs energy at a wavelength of 150. nm. The total amount of energy emitted by a carbon
sample is 1.98 × 105 J. Calculate the number of carbon atoms present in the sample, assuming that each
atom emits one photon. (1marks )

14. Arrange the following groups of atoms in order of increasing size. (3 marks)
a. Te, S, Se
b. K, Br, Ni
c. Ba, Si, F

15. Arrange the following groups of atoms in order of increasing size. (3 marks)
a. Rb, Na, Be
b. Sr, Se, Ne
c. Fe, P, O

16. Which compound in each of the following pairs of ionic substances has the most exothermic lattice
energy? Justify your answers. (3 marks)
a. NaCl, KCl
b. LiF, LiCl
c. Mg(OH)2 , MgO
d. Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3
e. NaCl, Na2 O
f. MgO, BaS

17. Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following. (3 marks)
a. HCN d. NH4+ g. CO2
b. PH3 e. H2 CO h. O2
c. CHCl3 f. SeF2 i. HBr

Except for HCN and H2 CO, the first atom listed is the central atom. For HCN and H2 CO, carbon is the
central atom.

18. SF6 , ClF5, and XeF4 are three compounds whose central atoms do not follow the octet rule. Draw Lewis
structures for these compounds. (3 marks)

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19. Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for the following species. Assign the formal charge for
each central atom. (4 marks)
a. POCl3 e. SO2 Cl2
b. SO2−4 f. XeO4
c. ClO− 4 g. ClO− 3
3−
d. PO4 h. NO3−4

20. Write Lewis structures and predict the molecular structures of the following. (4 marks)
a. OCl2 , SO2
b. SO3 , IF3
c. CF4 , KrF4
d. IF5 , AsF5
Which of these compounds are polar?

21. The molecules BF3 , CF4 , CO2 , PF5 , and SF6 are all nonpolar, even though they all contain polar bonds.
Why? (1 marks)

22. Arrange the following in order of increasing radius and increasing ionization energy. (3 marks)
a. N + , N, N −
b. Se, Se− , Cl, Cl+
c. Br − , Rb+ , Sr 2+

23. Draw the Lewis structures, predict the molecular structures, and describe the bonding (in terms of the
hybrid orbitals for the central atom) for the following. (2 marks)
a. XeO3 b. XeOF2
c. XeO4 d. XeO3 F2

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