Sample Medication Calculation Problems (Need practice with IV calculations?
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Problem #1
Your 4 year old pediatric patient weight 40 pounds. She is febrile. You need to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) 15mg/kg. How many mg will you administer?
(answer on next page)
Problem #2
The acetaminophen (Tylenol) packages come in liquid form 160 mg/5 mL. How many mL will you administer to your 40 pound patient?
(answer on next page)
Problem #3
Your patient has an order for terbutaline (Brethine) 0.25 mg subcut. The pharmacy delivers a syringe with 1mg/mL. How much will you waste in order to give the correct dose?
(answer on next page)
Problem #4
Your hospice patient has an order for 7.5 mg of oxycodone (OxyContin) q 6 hours PRN. The tablets provided are 15 mg tablets. How many tablets will you give for each dose? (answer on next page)
Problem # 5
You receive an order for 60 mg of meperidine (Demerol) IM for your post surgical patient. The injectible syringe is pre-packaged with 75 mg/ mL. How much will you administer? (answer on next page)
Problem #6
Your patient has been receiving digoxin (Lanoxin)125 mcg Q AM. Today his doctor writes a new order: Digoxin 0.25 mg PO Q AM start now How many 125 mcg tablets will you administer? (answer on next page)
Problem #7
Your patient has an order for vasopressin (Pitressin) 5 units subcut TID You have on hand a 0.5 mL vial labeled 20 units/mL How many mL will you administer? (answer on next page)
Answers
Answer to Problem #1 First convert 40 pounds into kilograms.
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 1 kg 2.2 pounds = x kg 40 pounds Method #2: Formula Method 40 pounds 2.2 pounds x = 18.18 kg X 1 kg = x kg
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 1 kg 2.2 pounds 2.2x = 40 x = 18.18 kg = x kg 40 pounds
Since you will administer 15mg of acetaminophen per 1 kg, you should multiply 15mg with the weight of 18.18 kg. 15mg x 18.18kg = 272.7. You will administer 272.7 mg.
Answer to Problem #2 (You know you need 272.7 mg from the previous question)
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 160 mg 5 mL = 272.7 mg x mL Method #2: Formula Method 272.7 mg 160 mg x 5 mL = x mL
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 120 mg 5 mL = 272.7 mg x mL
x = 8.521875 mL Round. You should administer 8.5 mL.
160 x = 1363.5 x = 8.521875 mL Round. You will administer 8.5 mL.
You will administer 8.5 mL.
Answer to Problem #3
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 1 mL 1 mg = x mL 0.25 mg Method #2: Formula Method 0.25 mg 1 mg x = 0.25 mL X 1 mL = x mL
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 1 mL 1 mg = x mL 0.25 mg
0.25 x = 1 x = 0.25 mL
Since you are given a syringe with 1 mg/mL and you only need 0.25 mg, then you also just need 0.25 mL. You need to dispose (waste) 0.75 mL when the syringe is filled 1 mL and then administer the rest of the syringe to the patient.
You will waste 0.75 mL.
Answer to Problem #4
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 15 mg 1 tablet = 7.5 mg x tablet
Method #2: Formula Method 7.5 mg 15 mg x 1 tablet = x tablet
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 15 mg 1 tablet 15 x = 7.5 x = 0.5 (or tablet) = 7.5 mg x tablet
Solve for x. x = 0.5 tablet
You will administer one-half a tablet.
Answer to Problem #5
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 75 mg 1 mL = 60 mg x mL Method #2: Formula Method 60mg x 75 mg Solve for x. x = 0.8 mL . 75 x = 60 x = 0.8 mL 1 mL = x mL
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 75 mg 1 mL = 60 mg x mL
You will administer 0.8 mL.
Answer to Problem #6
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 0.125 mcg 1 tablet = 0.25 mcg x mL Method #2: Formula Method 0.25 mg 0.125 mg Solve for x. x = 0.25 0.125 x= 2 tablets x 1 tablet = x tablet
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 0.125 mcg 1 tablet 0.125x = 0.25 x = .0.25/0.125 x = 2 tablets = 0.25 mg x tablet
You will administer 2 tablets.
Answer to Problem #7
Method #1: Ratio Proportion 20 units 1 mL = 5 units x mL Method #2: Formula Method 5 units 20 units x 1 mL = x mL
Cross-multiply and solve for x. 20 units 1 mL 20x = 5 x = 5/20 x = 0.25 mL = 5 units x mL
Solve for x. x = 5 x 20 x= 0.25 mL 1 = 1 x 1 = 0.5 4 4
You will administer 0.25 mL of vasopressin. Remember, the amount in the vial (in this case 0.5 mL) does not enter into the calculation. The important point is the concentration (the amount of drug per mL).
IV Calculations
IV Problem #1 Your patient has an IV ordered to be delivered at a rate of 150mL/ hr. Your infusion set delivers 15 gtt (drops)/mL. How many drops per minute will you set the IV for? (answer on next page)
IV Problem #2 Your patient has an IV ordered to be delivered at 75mL/hr. The infusion set delivers 10 gtt (drops)/mL. How many drops per minute will you set the IV for? (answer on next page)
IV problem #1
Rationale: Volume to be infused (mL) x drip rate 60 minutes
# gtt/min
150 x 15 60 OR
2250 60
37.5; or round to 38 drop per minute
60-minute Clock Method 10 gtts/mL 60 divided by 10 = 6 Divide mL/hr by 6 15 gtts/mL 60 divided by 15 = 4 Divide mL/hr by 4. 60 gtts/mL 60 divided by 60 = 1 Divide mL/hr by 1 (or simply recognize that with a 60 gtts/mL drip set, the number of mL/hr = the number of gtts/min)
150 = 4
37.5; round to 38 drops per minute
IV problem #2 75 x 10 = 750 = 12.5; round to 13 drops per minute 60 60
60-minute Clock Method 10 gtts/mL 60 divided by 10 = 6 Divide mL/hr by 6 15 gtts/mL 60 divided by 15 = 4 Divide mL/hr by 4. 60 gtts/mL 60 divided by 60 = 1 Divide mL/hr by 1 (or simply recognize that with a 60 gtts/mL drip set, the number of mL/hr = the number of gtts/min)
75 = 12.5; round to 13 drops per minute 6
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