Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics for Grade 9 Students
By: Romulo, Kenth Richard M..
I. Objectives:
At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to:
a) Interpret law of cosines;
b) Solve oblique triangles using the law of cosines
c) Appreciate the importance of the law of cosines in solving oblique triangles in
real life situation.
II. Subject matter
Topic: Law of Cosines
Reference: “Soaring 21st Century Mathematics”
Author: Chua, S., et al
[Link]
[Link]
Materials: Boards, white board pen, Power Point Presentation
III. Procedure
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Preparation
1. Greetings
“Good day class!” “Good day Sir!”
2. Prayer
Any volunteer to lead our prayer? Please rise, let us put ourselves to the holy
presents of God.
Thank you! Please arrange your tables and chairs Ok, Sir!.
first.
Ok, Thank you! You may now take your seats. Thank you Sir!
3. Checking of Attendance
Let’s have first check the attendance. No one is absent for today Sir!
Ok, very good no one is absent for today.
B. Review
“Before we proceed to our next topic,
let’s have first recall our last topic which
is solving the Area of triangle using Sine
law
What are the formulas in solving area of
triangle using sine law?
(Students will answer)
(∆ABC) = ½ bc sin A
(∆ABC) = ½ ab sin C
(∆ABC) = ½ ca sin B
Very good, Thats right!
C. Motivation
Before we proceed to our discussion, let’s have a
game called Guess it!
A shape:
ALTERING
TRIANGLE!
The extent or measurement of a surface or piece of
land:
AARE
AREA!
One of the six trigonometric functions:
ESINOC
COSINE!
A rule defining correct procedure or behavior::
ALW
LAW!
A mathematical relationship or rule expressed in
symbols:
FOMRAUL
FORMULA!
D. Discussion
Law of Cosines
In Trigonometry, the law of Cosines, also known as
Cosine Rule or Cosine Formula basically relates the
length of the triangle to the cosines of one of its
angles. It states that, if the length of two sides and
the angle between them is known for a triangle, then (Students will listen)
we can determine the length of the third side. It is
given by:
C² = a² + b² – 2ab cosC
Where a, b and c are the sides of a triangle and C is
the angle between a and b. See the figure .
Formulas
As per the cosines law formula, to find the length of
sides of triangle say △ABC, we can write as;
a² = b² + c² – 2bc cos A
b² = a² + c² – 2ac cos B
c² = b² + a² – 2ba cos C
(Students will listen)
And if we want to find the angles of △ABC, then the
cosine rule is applied as;
cos A = [b² + c² – a²]/2bc
cos B = [a² + c² – b²]/2ac
cos C = [b² + a² – c²]/2ab
Where a, b and c are the lengths of sides of a
triangle.
Solving SSS Congruency
In SSS congruence, we know the lengths of all the
three sides of a triangle, and we need to find the
measure of the unknown triangle. Therefore, using
the law of cosines, we can find the missing angle.
First we need to find one angle using cosine law, say
cos A = [b² + c² – a²]/2bc.
Then we will find the second angle again using the
same law, cos B = [a² + c² – b²]/2ac
Now the third angle you can simply find using angle
sum property of triangle. That means the sum of all
the three angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees.
When to Use
The Law of Cosines is useful for finding:
the third side of a triangle when we know
two sides and the angle between them.
the angles of a triangle when we know all
three sides.
So let’s have an example
The Law of Cosines says:
c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos(C)
Put in the values we know: c² = 82 + 112 − 2 × 8 ×
11 × cos(37º)
Do some calculations: c² = 64 + 121 − 176 ×
0.798…
More calculations: c² = 44.44...
Take the square root: c = √44.44 = 6.67 to 1 decimal
place
Answer: c = 6.7
Okay, another example:
Use The Law of Cosines (angle version) to find
angle C :
cos C= (a² + b² − c²)/2ab
= (82 + 62 − 72)/2×8×6
= (64 + 36 − 49)/96
= 51/96
= 0.53125
C= cos-1(0.53125)
= 57.9° to one decimal place
Okay, another example:
Sir! (The students raise their hand)
c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos(C)
z² = x² + y² − 2xy cos(Z)
Who wants to try? z² = 9.42 + 6.52 − 2×9.4×6.5×cos(131º)
z² = 88.36 + 42.25 − 122.2 × (−0.656...)
Okay, Mr.____________ z² = 130.61 + 80.17...
z² = 210.78...
z = √210.78... = 14.5 to 1 decimal place.
Answer: z = 14.5
Very good, Thank you Mr.____________
Heron’s Formula
Area = Square root of√s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)
where s is half the perimeter, or (a + b + c)/2.
Example:
What is the area of a triangle where every side is 5
long?
Step 1: s = (5+5+5)/2 = 7.5
Step 2: A = √(7.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5) = √(117.1875) =
10.825... 1 decimal place
Answer:
A= 10.8 sq units
E. APPLICATION
Pick a Pair and write on a ½ sheet of paper
Find what is/are:
The missing parts
The area using heron’s formula Solution:
This is good for 5-10mins
F. Summary
1. What did the law of cosines states?
2. When are we going to use law of cosines?
IV. Evaluation (Pen and paper activity)
In a whole sheet of paper solve each word problem. Include illustration of your
problem as well as your conclusion. (30 points)
1. During a figure skating routine, Jackie and Peter skate apart with an angle of 15°
between them. Jackie skates for 5 meters and Peter skates for 7 meters. How far apart
are the skaters?
2. A triangular lot sits at the corner of two streets that intersects at an angle of 58°.
One street side of the lot is 32m and the other is 40m. How long is the back of the lot
(the third side)?
3. Find the angles A, B, and C.
V. Assignment
Write it on a 1 whole news print to be submitted next meeting, that is 25 points.
Answer page 397 Warm Up practice, letter A and B.