LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK 10 ENDING 28TH JUNE,2024.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
TOPIC: REFLECTION OF LIGHT WAVES
TIME AVAILABLE: 4O MINUTES X 4
LEVEL AND NUMBER OF LEARNERS:
CLASS: S.S.S 2
AGE: 13-15 YEARS
SEX: MIXED
NO OF LEARNERS: 10
TIME TABLE FIT: A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from
one point to another.
MAIN AIMS: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
describe the properties of waves.
SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson students should be able to:
i. Describe the nature of images formed by plane and curved
mirrors.
ii. Apply the mirror formula in solving problems.
iii. State the laws of reflection.
iv. State applications of reflection of light on curved surface
PERSONAL AIMS: To ensure the lesson is delivered within the allotted
time.
ASSUMPTIONS: Students may have been taught waves in their
previous classes.
ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS: The students might find images formed by
curved mirrors difficult to understand.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: The teacher uses well measured diagrams to
explain images formed by curved mirrors to the students.
TEACHING AIDS/MATERIALS: (a) Charts
(b) internet resource materials
PROCEDURE:
DAY1PERIOD1:
STEP 1: Formation of images by (a) plane mirror (b) curved mirror
(a) Formation of images by plane mirror
(b) Formation of images by curved mirror
Convex mirror
Effect on image of object's position relative to mirror focal point (convex)
Object's position
(S), Image Diagram
focal point (F)
Virtual
Upright
Reduced
(diminished/smaller)
Concave mirror
Effect on image of object's position relative to mirror focal point (concave)
Object's
position (S), Image Diagram
focal point (F)
Image is:
S<F Behind mirror
(Object between Virtual
focal point and Upright
mirror) Magnified (larger)
Reflected rays are parallel and never
meet, so no image is formed.
S=F In the limit where S approaches F, the
(Object at focal image distance approaches infinity, and
point) The image can be either real or virtual
and either upright or inverted
depending on whether S approaches F
from its left or right side.
F < S< 2F Real image
(Object between Inverted
focus and centre Magnified (larger)
of curvature) Beyond C
S = 2F Real image
(Object at centre Inverted (vertically)
of curvature) Same size
Image formed at centre of curvature, C
Real image
Inverted (vertically)
S > 2F
Reduced (diminished/smaller)
(Object beyond
As the distance of the object increases,
centre of the image approaches the focal point
curvature) Where S approaches infinity, the image
size approaches zero as the image
approaches F
DAY2:PERIOD2:
STEP2: Mirror equation
Where u = object distance, v = image distance and f = focal length
1 1 1 r
= + and focal length can be obtained from the relation f =
f u v 2
Example
An object is placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is
12 cm. Calculate the position, nature and magnification of the image produced.
Solution
u = 10 cm, r = 12 cm
r 12
f= = = +6 cm
2 2
1 1 1
= +
f u v
1 1 1
= −
v f u
1 1 1
= −
v 6 10
v = +15 cm. since v is positive then the image is real.
v 15
M= = = 1.5 cm
u 10
DAY3:PERIOD3:
STEP 3: Laws of reflection
Laws of reflection
1. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all
lie in the same plane
2. The angle of incidence,i , is equal to the angle of reflection, r. i.e. i = r.
Principle of the reversibility of light
This principle states that the path of a light ray is reversible
Lateral inversion:
This is the phenomenon whereby an object placed in front of a plane mirror appears
to be reversed.
Applications of Reflection of Light in Daily Life
DAY4:PERIOD4:
STEP4: APPLICATION OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON CURVED SURFACE
1. Meters like ammeters and voltmeters use a mirror to avoid parallax error. The
reading is taken from a position such that the image of the pointer is directly
under the pointer.
2. The wing and rear-view mirrors of a car are made of a convex and a plane
mirror respectively. The two wing mirrors enable the driver to see objects on
both sides of the car. The rear-view mirror enables the driver to see things
behind the car.
3. A microscope uses a mirror to reflect light to the specimen under the
microscope.
4. An astronomical reflecting telescope uses a large parabolic mirror to gather
dim light from distant stars. A plane mirror is used to reflect the image to the
eyepiece.
5. Parabolic mirrors are used in torches and car headlamps as reflectors. A small
lamp is placed at the focus point of the mirror to produce parallel rays.
6. Concave mirrors with long focal length can be used as shaving mirrors or
make-up mirrors as they form magnified and upright images.
7. Concave mirrors are also used by dentists to examine the teeth of a patient.
The concave mirror forms a magnified image of the teeth.
8. A convex mirror has a wider view than a plane mirror. Therefore, convex
mirrors are used as driving mirrors and as shop security mirrors.
9. Convex mirrors are also used as blind corner mirrors on the road to help
drivers view traffic around sharp corners.
10. An overhead projector as in figure uses a concave mirror to reflect light
from the object to the screen.
INTERACTION PATTERN: TEACHER-STUDENTS
ASSIGNMENT:
1. An object is placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror whose radius of
curvature is 12 cm. Calculate the position, nature and magnification of the
image produced.
EVALUATION(STUDENTS):
1. State three application of reflection in daily life
2. The height of an object placed at a distance of 60 cm from the hole of a
pinhole camera is 15 cm. if the length of the camera is 10 cm, calculate the
magnification produced by the camera and the height of the image.
EVALUATION (TEACHER): The teacher was able to describe reflection of waves to
the students in details.
SUMMARY:Light is a form of energy known as luminous energy.
Rays: a ray is the direction or path along which light energy flows.
Beam: a beam is a collection of rays. A beam may be parallel, convergent or
divergent