The document discusses various probability problems, including the probability of selecting a consonant from the English alphabet, drawing vowels or specific cards from a set, and calculating probabilities in a deck of cards. It also covers the outcomes of tossing two coins and the probabilities associated with a tennis match between two players. The solutions provided illustrate the calculation of probabilities using basic principles.
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The document discusses various probability problems, including the probability of selecting a consonant from the English alphabet, drawing vowels or specific cards from a set, and calculating probabilities in a deck of cards. It also covers the outcomes of tossing two coins and the probabilities associated with a tennis match between two players. The solutions provided illustrate the calculation of probabilities using basic principles.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Question
If a letter of English alphabet is chosen at random
then what is the probability that the letter is a
consonant? - Solution
English alphabets = 26 letters (5 vowels + 21
consonants)
Total number of outcomes = n(S) = 26
Let A be the event of choosing an English
alphabet, which is a consonant.
A={bho0af,ghj,kKbLmnpnqanrstvy wx,
y, Z}
n(A) = 21
P(A) = n(A)/n(S) = 21/26
Hence, the required probability is 21/26. Following cards are put facing down:
AJE]I}O]U
What is the chance of drawing out
(a) a vowel
(b) a card marked U?
(c) Aor |
(d) a consonant?
Solution
(a) We can clearly see that all the 5 letters are
vowels, i.e. A,E,1,0,U. Hence, it is certain to draw
a vowel, i.e. probaility of drawing a vowel is 1,
aa — Number of cards marked_U1
(b) Probability Total number of cards 5
re — Number of cards marked A or B
(c) Probability = Total number of cards 5
(d)
Probability = Number of cards marked with a consgnant fe)
Total number of cards Ss
Hence, it is impossible to draw a consonant. - One card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, well-
shuffled. Calculate the probability that the card
will
(i) be an ace,
(ii) not be an ace.
Solution: Well-shuffling ensures equally likely
outcomes.
i) There are 4 aces in a deck.
Let E be the event the card drawn is ace.
he number of favourable outcomes to the event E
=4
he number of possible outcomes = 52
herefore, P(E) = 4/52 = 1/13
ii) Let F is the event of ‘card is not an ace’
he number of favourable outcomes to F = 52 - 4=
48
he number of possible outcomes = 52 &
herefore, P(F) = 48/52 = 12/13 *Two coins are tossed 500 times, and we get:
Two heads: 105 times
One head: 275 times
No head: 120 times
Find the probability of each event to occur.
Solution: Let us say the events of getting two heads,
one head and no head by E;, Ex and Ez, respectively.
P(E}) = 105/500 = 0.21
P(E») = 275/500 = 0.55
P(E3) = 120/500 = 0.24
The Sum of probabilities of all elementary events of
a random experiment is 1.
P(E})+P(Ex)+P(E3) = 0.21+0.55+0.24 = 1 . Two players, Sangeet and Rashmi, play a tennis
match. The probability of Sangeet winning the
match is 0.62. What is the probability that Rashmi
will win the match?
Solution: Let S and R denote the events that
Sangeeta wins the match and Reshma wins the
match, respectively.
The probability of Sangeet to win = P(S) = 0.62
The probability of Rashmi to win = P(R) = 1- P(S)
=1- 0.62 = 0.38