Beginnings,
Development and
Fall of City-States
Greek Polis during Archaic
Period
Greek Polis during Classical
Period
Greek Polis during Hellenistic
Period
GREEK POLIS
A city-state, or polis, was the
community structure of
ancient Greece. Each city-
state was organized with an
urban center and the
surrounding countryside.
Characteristics of the city in a
polis were outer walls for
protection, as well as a public
space that included temples
and government buildings.
Greek Polis during
Archaic Period
Early stage of city-states
(around 800-500 BC).
Each polis had its own
government, laws, and
army.
Famous city-states: Athens
and Sparta.
Economy grew through
farming and trade.
The 3 mixed governments during Archaic (800-500 BCE)
Monarchy
to centralized leadership to maintain order to
defend the city-state and oversee religious and
legal matters.
Democracy
to reduce the power of aristocrats and prevent
tyrannical rule by involving more citizens in decision-
making.
It aimed to give free male citizens more political
power, ease social tensions, and create a fairer system
of governance in Greek city-states, especially Athens.
Spartan Government
to establish a strong military society and involved
training male citizens for war.
it aimed at ensuring military strength and social
stability.
The 3 mixed laws during Archaic Period
The Draco's Law Code (Athens, 7th Century BCE) -
Known as "The Harsh Law Code," which is one of the
earliest written in Athens.
Solon's Reforms (Athens, Early 6th Century BCE) -
Equitable Laws in Athens, focusing on Economic
Reforms.
The Sparta's Law Code - Emphasizing discipline,
military service, and also communal living. Army
during Archaic (800-500 BCE)
The Hoplite Warfare - The Archaic Greek
army was called "Hoplite" soldiers, and
each Hoplite carried a long spear, a large
around shield (hoplon), and wore a bronze
Armor.
The Phalanx formation - was a
dense, rectangular formation where
soldiers would lock shields and
advance together.
Spartan Army Sparta was focused on military
training and excellence.
Trained from a young age to become an elite soldier
called the "Spartiates) class.
Spartan soldiers were the most feared in Greece
during the Archaic period.
Early stage of city-states
(around 800-500 BC).
Each polis had its own
government, laws, and army.
Famous city-states: Athens
and Sparta.
Economy grew through
farming and trade.
FAMOUS CITY-STATES
ATHENS SPARTANS
Athenians to the Spartans refers
people of Athens. to the people of
focused on Sparta.
democracy, was centered on
philosophy, culture, military power
and the arts and discipline.
Early stage of city-states
(around 800-500 BC).
Each polis had its own
government, laws, and army.
Famous city-states: Athens
and Sparta.
Economy grew through
farming and trade.
COINAGE
POTTERY
AGRICULTURE
Greek Polis during
Classical Period
Height of Greek culture
and power (500-323 BC).
Athens became influential
in philosophy, art, and
democracy.
Conflicts like the
Peloponnesian War
between Athens and
Sparta.
Greek Polis during
Hellenistic Period
After Alexander the Great’s
death (323-31 BC).
Greek culture spread to Egypt,
Asia, and other regions.
City-states lost independence
and were controlled by larger
empires (Macedonians and
Romans).
Greek culture mixed with
other cultures.
Thank You!
ASSESSMENT
Test I. Answer the following questions based on your
understanding:
1. What is the plural name of Polis?
2. What are the two most powerful city-states?
3. It is a city were outer walls for protection, well as a public
space that included temples and government buildings.
4. What period where in each polis had its own government,
laws, and army?
5. What period where in the city-states lost independence
and were controlled by larger empires?
6. In what period where in Athens became influential in
philosophy, art, and democracy?
7. Was a dense, rectangular formation where soldiers
would lock shields and advance together.
8. Archaic Greek army was called "Hoplite" soldiers?
9. In what period after Alexander the Great’s death (323-
31 BC)?
10. It is a city-state was organized with an urban center
and the surrounding countryside?
Test II. Please read the following questions carefully and
choose the correct answer for each one:
1.) What was the primary aim of the Spartan government during the Archaic period?
A.) To promote trade and commerce
B.) To ensure military strength and social stability
C.) To support artistic and cultural growth
D.) To establish democratic principles
2.)Which law code is known as the "Harsh Law Code" in Athens during the 7th
century BCE?
A.) Solon's Reforms
B.) The Spartan Law Code
C.) Draco's Law Code
D.) Lycurgus' Reforms
3.) The Hoplite soldiers in Archaic Greece typically carried which of the following
weapons?
A.) Axes and spears
B.) Bow and arrows
C.) Swords and slings
D.) Long spear and round shield
4.) What roles did the Archaic period play in the formation of Greek polis and what
were the effects of the creation of coinage?
A) It tends to make prices fix this paved way for the establishment of trade since trade
became easier.
B ) It totally banned the barter system resulting in the contraction of local agricultural
producers.
C) It made economic control more aristocratic families and thus limited chances for
lower classes.
D) It made them to reduce on exportation hence increasing their level of polity, the
polis.
5.) What was a common form of government in many Archaic poleis?
A. Absolute monarchy
B. Democracy
C. Oligarchy
D. Theocracy
6.) Why did colonization occur during the Archaic period?
A. To find new agricultural land
B . To spread Greek culture and influence
C. To escape political oppression
D. To establish monarchies
7.) What was a significant consequence of the philosophical movement in Athens?
a) The decline of Athenian power
b) The rise of a new, more educated class of citizens
c) The suppression of all dissenting voices
d) The stagnation of Athenian culture
8.) Which instances shows that contribute the rise of philosophy in Athens?
a) The city's defeat in the Persian Wars
b) The Athenian focus on military strength
c) The city's status as a cultural and intellectual center
d) The lack of interest in religion and mythology
9.) Why did Athens and Sparta go to war in the Peloponnesian War?
A) Sparta wanted to conquer Athens and make them allies.
B) Athens and Sparta competed for power, and Athens gained more influence, led by
democracy, which Sparta saw as a threat.
C) Athens forced Sparta to give up leadership of the Peloponnesian League.
D) Athens wanted to occupy all the land controlled by Sparta.
10.) Which of the following statements best summarizes the period from 500 to 323
BCE in Greece?
A) Athens' dominance in military power led to the fall of the Persian Empire.
B. Macedon, under Philip II and Alexander the Great, united Greece and expanded
Greek influence across Asia.
C) The Greek city-states failed to secure military victories, leading to their decline.
D) Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle primarily focused on military strategies rather than
philosophy.
11.) Who created the largest empires of the ancient world?
A. Alexander the Great
B. Athenians
C. Spartans
D. Joshua the Great
12.) What is the simplest meaning of Hellenistic?
A. Widespread Greek based culture after conquest of Alexander the great
B. Athens' dominance in military power led to the fall of the Persian Empire.
C. The Greek city-states failed to secure military victories, leading to their decline.
D. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle primarily focused on military strategies rather than
philosophy.
13.) The new cities like Alexandria became centers of learning and cultural
exchange. What does this suggest about the role of urbanization in the spread of
Greek culture?
a) Urbanization was a negative force that undermined cultural exchange by separating
people into distinct communities.
b) Urbanization was a necessary condition for the spread of Greek culture, as cities
provided centers for interaction and learning.
c) Urbanization had no impact on the spread of Greek culture, which was primarily
driven by conquest.
d) Urbanization was a consequence of the spread of Greek culture, as Greek cities were
built in conquered territories.
14.) He is the father of Alexander the great and who unified Macedonia into the
first European nation who created the army which his son conquered Persian
empire.
A. Socrates
B. Charles Darwin
C. Philip ll of Macedon
D. Joshua the Great
15.) What was the main reason for the Peloponnesian War, and why did it last for
so long?
A. Athens was jealous of Sparta's powerful army, so they started a fight.
B. Sparta wanted to control Athens' growing trade empire, leading to a clash.
C. Both Athens and Sparta were fighting over who would rule the entire Greek world.
D. A disagreement about how to handle a small island sparked a huge war.
ANSWER KEY:
TEST 1 TEST 11
1. Poleis 1. B 11. A
2. Sparta and Athens 2. C 12. A
3. Greek Polis 3. D 13. B
4. Archaic Period 4. A 14. C
5. Hellenistic Period 5. C 15. D
6. Classical Period 6. B
7. Phalanx Formation 7. B
8. Hophlite warfare 8. C
9. Hellenistic Period 9. B
10. Greek Polis 10. B