Senior High School

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. design a research useful in daily life (CS_RS12-Id-e-1);

Practical Research 2 2.
3.
4.
write research title (CS_RS12-Id-e-2);
describe background of research (CS_RS12-Id-e-3);
state research questions (CS_RS12-Id-e-4);
Quarter 1 - Module 2 5.
6.
indicate scope and delimitation of study (CS_RS12-Id-e-5);
present written statement of the problem (CS_RS12-Id-e-7);
Identifying the Inquiry and
Stating the Problem What I Know

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of a researchable question?

A. The question is answerable by some sort of data that can be collected.
B. Answering the question provides a positive outcome to the society.
C. The question is comprehensive.
D. The question is interesting.

2. Which of the following is the most reliable source of research topic idea?
A. Review of Literature C. Folklores
B. Wikipedia D. Blogs

3. Which of the following questions is most suitable for quantitative research?

A. Will the colors of the wall affect children’s preference and engagement during play
time?
B. Is there a relationship between soil components and shape of seeds?
C. Do online materials enhance the performance of students?
D. What are the features of herbal plants in the province?

4. Which of the following best describes the development process for a research question?
A. A broad topic is trimmed down to make it more interesting.
B. Research topic must be refined first before doing preliminary research.
C. As specific question can be broadened to make a study more significant.
D. Preliminary research helps trim down a broad topic to a more manageable
question.

5. Which of the following statements is a characteristic of a good research title?

A. It is a short but accurate description of the content of the study
B. It uses abbreviations to shorten the number of characters.
C. All beginning letters of each word is capitalized.
D. It indicates all variables in the study.

6. Which of the following is the most common form of the research title?
A. Interrogative C. Question form
B. Declarative D. Phrase

CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

1 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
7. It refers to an issue that has not been fully addressed by previous studies.
A. Research problem C. Research question Lesson
B. Research topic D. Research gap DESIGNING RESEARCH
8. It is a part of the research that expresses the context of the problem that will support the
validity and rationale of the study.
A. Research title C. Background of the study
1 TOPIC
B. Research topic D. Research problem

9. Which if the following statements is NOT true about the background of research?
A. It elaborates on the findings or information from the literature cited. What’s In
B. It explains how the research question was derived.
C. It justifies the need to conduct the study.
D. It establishes the research gap. You have learned from Module 1 that quantitative research is very useful in all fields
of study because of its objectivity and fast data collection and analysis. The different kinds of
10. A good research question is: research designs (descriptive, correlational, ex-post-facto, quasi-experimental, and
A. Feasible, clear, significant and hypothetical experimental) offer a viable and numerous options for any type of inquiry. The field of studies
B. Feasible, clear, significant, and ethical where you can apply quantitative research is practically countless. In this lesson, you will
C. Clear, significant, and ethical expand your understanding of the characteristics and different applications of quantitative
D. Feasible, clear, and ethical research and be able to design a study useful in daily life.
11. Quantitative research problem deals more with
A. precision and general explanation of phenomena
B. description and explanation of situations
C. trends and patterns of the chosen group
D. precision and specificity of the problem What I Need to Know
12. Which of the following research questions is an example of correlational research?
The first and foremost step in the research is selecting and properly defining a research
A. Is there a difference in the height of Mung Bean in setup A from setup B after
problem. Before starting a laborious journey of finding the unknown, you need to know first
various treatments?
what it is that you want to find out, where and how you are going to find the answers to your
B. What are the various learning modalities offered in Gusa Elementary School for SY
questions, and what specific qualities are you looking for. For instance, you want to find a
2020-2021?
specific kind of fish in the ocean; however, the ocean is so vast that it is almost impossible for
C. Is the pre-online tutorial effective in preparing preschool for distance learning?
you to achieve that goal of finding the fish without equipping yourself with the right tools and
D. What is the relationship between time spent on texting and spelling ability?
information about it. You may need to know first its behavior and living conditions before you
can precisely pinpoint the perfect spot to find the fish. Thus, baseline information is needed
13. Which of the following qualifies a good quantitative research question?
for a successful quest.
A. How would the parents respond to the current educational challenge?
B. Is blended learning more effective than face to face learning?
That fish analogy can be applied to finding a research topic. A well-defined research
C. Does a social medium lead to more social awareness?
topic is essential for a successful research. When the topic is not well-defined, it becomes
D. Are the teachers well-motivated?
unmanageable and may result in some drawbacks during data collection and analysis that
could compromise the strength of your study.
14. A research question becomes significant when __________.
A. no harm is possible to be inflicted to participants
Hence, choosing a topic must undergo proper and thorough planning and designing.
B. it contributes to a bigger body of knowledge
The four basic steps in designing a research topic are the following: (1) choose a broad topic,
C. it does not take undue resources
(2) do preliminary research, (3) define the problem, and (4) refine the question. Guided with
D. it uses simplest words for readers
these steps, a student researcher can certainly jumpstart a quantitative research project.
15. It is part of the research study that states what is included and not in the research study.
A. Statement of the Problem
B. Significance of the Study
C. Background of the Study
D. Scope and Delimitation

2 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 3 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

 As a student researcher, let us go through these steps to guide us in choosing a
quantitative research topic related to our chosen field.
What’s New
1. Choose a broad topic. The first step is quite simple. As a Senior High School student,
these tips will surely guide you in selecting a broad topic for quantitative research:
Activity 1: Topics that interest me!
A. Choose an interesting topic.
Directions: Take time to identify the things that matters most to you by filling out the following Research is a very challenging task that demands your time and persistence. Your
information: motivation to find the answer to the problem should keep you going, thus building a momentum
along the way. Therefore, your research topic must be something that you are passionate
1. My chosen SHS track is: ____________________________________. about. Review your answers in Activity 1, and it might lead you to the right path. After all,
nothing is more satisfying than accomplishing something that matters to you.
2. The top three things that I excel doing are ________________,
________________ and ______________________
B. Select a significant topic.
3. The top five (5) things that make me happy are ____________ , ___________, A topic that is worth researching must be able to answer or solve problems in the
____________, ________________, and ___________________. community. No one will take an interest in your topic if it is obsolete and does not address any
real problem. To be proactive and to take part in solving problems with socio-economic
4. The three things that I find interesting are _____________, ______________ and relevance gives a sense of accomplishment. You do not even have to look far, just take a look
________________. at your household, neighborhood, school, group of friends, or local community for a common
problem or difficulty. Activity 2 will help you identify some main points that can serve as a basis
Activity 2: Tell me about your problems! for choosing your research study.

Directions: Make an online or offline survey at your community, family, and friends to C. Choose a topic relevant to your field.
determine common issues or problems. List all the problems raised and identify One of the goals of this course is for you to be able to produce a quantitative research
the most common ones. study that is aligned to your chosen track. A SHS student under ABM must choose a topic
related to business and management while students taking HUMSS may consider choosing a
topic about politics, culture, and arts. Choosing a topic that you can relate will certainly make
your research project less challenging.
What Is It In the event that the three tips above do not shed some light on your minds, do not
despair; other sources of ideas like the ones below may be available for you.

i. Resources. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) harmonized National R &

Steps in Developing Research Topic D Agenda for 2017-2022. Early in 2017, DOST, together with researchers from the
health, agriculture, industry, and academe, released research priorities for 2017 to
Despite the advancement in knowledge and technology, there is still a lot to discover 2022 that are relevant for the economic growth of the country. Visit this link
in this world. There is still an ocean of things that we are yet to explore. It can be a difficult [Link] for a list of suggested studies.
situation that we want to improve or eliminate, a better understanding of the unfamiliar,
information gaps we wish to fill, or theories that we want to validate. What limits our choice of ii. Review of Literature. Some researchers reveal that reading previous studies fueled
a topic are our capacity, understanding, resources, and skill. their minds with tons of research topics. Reviewing the literature lets them know what
has been studied, what is not yet done, and what other researchers suggest working
Most researchers will agree that choosing a good topic is a challenging and tedious on. Journals, periodicals, and peer-reviewed articles are a good read.
task. Because a research topic serves as the groundwork for any succeeding actions, it must
be defined appropriately at the beginning of the research work. Otherwise, it may result in iii. Field experts. Gather up some guts to approach anyone you know that are experts on
unanticipated complexities to the researcher. the field of your choice because they may give valuable inputs or may currently be
working on a study where you can collaborate. Your teacher may also give you some
Developing a research problem can be done in four (4) steps: advice, especially on the possible obstacles, resource limitations, and expanse of the
study.
1. Choose a broad topic
2. Do a preliminary research iv. Brainstorming. Do not underestimate the ideas from classmates, friends, and family
3. Define the problem members. You may be overwhelmed at first by the outpouring of ideas. Just build a
4. Refine the question list, then cross off any topic unrelated to your field or not so interesting to you. Of
course, you must take precautionary measures in doing this by observing physical
distancing. You can use any social media platform to do this.

4 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 5 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

2. Do a preliminary research. The second step is much more time-consuming. Once you 2. How does background/preliminary research help in defining a research topic?
have chosen a broad topic, you need to have a better understanding of it by reading some ___________________________________________________________________
more articles, journals, and related research studies. Find out how other researchers ___________________________________________________________________
gathered their data, what research instruments were used, how the data were analyzed, ___________________________________________________________________
and what important findings they shared. Take note of every relevant research study for ___________________________________________________________________
future reference. If you started the topic search (first step) by doing a literature review, ___________________________________________________________________
the second step is just a continuation of what you started. A much deeper discussion of ___________________________________________________________________
the literature review will be done in module 3. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Define the problem. After getting enough information, you may be able to list some ___________________________________________________________________
questions or problems that you want to research. At this stage, you should be able to
narrow down broad topic into feasible and manageable research questions. A broad topic 3. What is your understanding of refining the research question?
can be narrowed down by limiting the population, place, period, or a certain characteristic. ___________________________________________________________________
However, be very mindful that your problem may not be too narrow that it becomes very ___________________________________________________________________
simple and does not need to collect unique data or does not generate new information. A ___________________________________________________________________
very narrow research question can be developed by doing a comparative study or ___________________________________________________________________
expanding the scope of the study. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Refine the question. This step lets you evaluate the questions formulated. What specific ___________________________________________________________________
questions should you ask? How should you gather your data sufficient to answer the ___________________________________________________________________
questions? Are the questions too narrow, or does it need to be trimmed down? While ___________________________________________________________________
evaluating the research question, consider the requirements of the course. How much
time are you given to finish the research? What resources do you need and are they
available? You will learn more about research questions in lesson 4.

What I Can Do
What’s More
Directions: Choose one broad topic related to your track that interests you. Then, preliminary
research on this topic. Take note of at least five related studies with its
corresponding author/s, then list three (3) quantitative research questions related
Let’s go online to the topic. Follow the format below. Write your answers in separate sheet of
paper.
Directions: Go to the link below and practice what you’ve learned from this lesson:
[Link] Broad Topic: _____________________________________________________________
[Link]
[Link] References:
1. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
What I Have Learned Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________

Directions: Answer briefly the questions below. 2. Title: _______________________________________________________________

1. Why is it important to choose a relevant, significant, and interesting research topic? Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Link: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 7 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

 3. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________ What I Need to Know
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________
Link: _______________________________________________________________ The old saying “never judge a book by its cover” applies to research studies no matter
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________ how much we say otherwise. When the title is poorly constructed that it does not accurately
describe the objective of your research, it can discredit the value of the entire research, let
4. Title: _______________________________________________________________ alone the implication of your research findings. It is, therefore, important that you make your
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________ research title accurate yet captivating. Afterall, the research title is the first thing your
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________ professor, fellow researchers, journal editors, or reviewers get to see first. Once it captures
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________ the attention of the readers, they will be enticed to read the entire work and learn something
Link: _______________________________________________________________ from your research. Learning how to make your research title create a good impression is
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________ essential.

5. Title: _______________________________________________________________
Author/s: ____________________________________________________________
Year of Publication: ____________________________________________________
Name of Journal/Publication: ____________________________________________ What’s New
Link: _______________________________________________________________
Notes/ Important information: ____________________________________________
Activity 1: True or False
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
Question 1: _______________________________________________________________
_____________1. Inserting humor on the research title makes it more interesting to the
Question 2: _______________________________________________________________ reader.
_____________2. Abbreviations are a must to make the research title shorter.
Question 3: _______________________________________________________________ _____________3. Proper punctuation and correct grammar must be observed in writing the
title.
_____________4. All types of quantitative research design must include the independent and
dependent variables in the title.
_____________5. Jargons make a research title more sophisticated.
_____________6. Only the first letters of nouns and pronouns are capitalized.
Lesson
CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Mod_2 7
RESEARCH TITLE
2 _____________7. To minimize the number of characters in the title, only use the chemical
formula than generic names.
_____________8. Use declarative format in writing the research title.
_____________9. To make it more specific, the year must be included in the title.
_____________10. Using obsolete terms do not matter in writing the title.

What’s In
What Is It
At this point, you may already have an interesting and relevant quantitative research
topic that is related to your chosen track. The next step is for you to have a suitable and
captivating title for the research study in mind. How is it done? Is writing a research title similar Basic Guidelines in Making a Research Title
to writing a title for movies, songs, or poems, or is there a guideline for it. Read through this
lesson, and you will know how to make a good title for your quantitative research study. A research study title is the very first thing a reader comes across when searching for
scientific literature. It is a concise description of the content of the research study containing
the fewest possible words, yet adequate to describe the contents of the paper for a simple
reason that we do not want to mislead the readers. After conceptualizing a most probable
research topic, drafting the title early in the research process helps in keeping your focus on
the subject. The following are the basic guidelines in making a research study title:

8 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 9 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

 1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope of the study instead of using Research question 3: _______________________________________________________
general terms. _________________________________________________________________________
2. Do not use abbreviations except for commonly known ones like DNA and ICT. Proposed title A: ___________________________________________________________
3. Do not include words like “The study of,” “Analysis of,” “An investigation of” or similar _________________________________________________________________________
construction as these would only lengthen the title. Proposed title B: ___________________________________________________________
4. Include the main dependent and independent variables. _________________________________________________________________________
5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation. Proposed title C: ___________________________________________________________
6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs as well as the first letter of _________________________________________________________________________
the first and last words.
7. State in a declarative form, although you may also see titles in question form from time
to time.
8. The year the study has been conducted should not be indicated unless it is a historical Additional Activity
study.
9. Use current terminology.
10. Depending on the institutional requirements, 5 to15 words are sufficient to describe the
research study. Directions: After you submit your Research Title and once it is corrected in accordance with
11. Use the common name instead of chemical formula (e.g., Ammonium instead of NH4) the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your Research Title to your
12. Write and italicize full scientific names. research manuscript.
13. Make sure to reflect the tone of the paper. An academic research paper has title which
is not casual, or informal, or does not contain humor.

The following steps can guide you in writing your research title:
Lesson
1. Determine what it is that you wish to accomplish or know from your study. Write one
to two sentences to state the main objectives of your research project. BACKGROUND OF
2. Include important keywords and variables. Revise the sentences into one complete
sentence that includes important keywords and variables of the study.
3. Shorten the title by eliminating unnecessary words. You may also shrink a phrase into
3 RESEARCH
a simpler phrase or a single word. In doing this, make sure that the main thought of
the research study is retained.
4. Correct grammar and punctuation errors if there is any.
5. Observe proper formatting. The format may vary according to the requirements of the What’s In
course or school. Please seek guidance from your professor.

Reading a well-written research title gives the reader an insight of what the research
study is all about. Although it captures the main point of the study, it does not sufficiently
What’s More explain all the details of the study. Hence the reader opts to read on for better understanding.

Directions: Evaluate the following erroneous research title and justify what makes it wrong. When introducing your study to the readers, you must bridge the gap from what is
known to what is unknown. Establishing the importance of finding the answer to the question
Example: Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of S. trifasciata leaves makes the reader feel the need to answer such question. Thus, it makes the research project
Answer: The scientific name was abbreviated and not italicized. more meaningful and valuable.

1. An investigation of the effects of electronics uses on Interpersonal Relationship in

adults. What I Need to Know
Answer: ________________________________________________________

2. Effects of Coconut Oil and Beeswax Edible coating. Choosing a sound research topic entails a considerable amount of time, focus, and
Answer: ________________________________________________________ preliminary research. Before a topic is finalized, you may have read and evaluated the
question many times and even consulted professionals or instructors to ensure its validity and
3. The Effects of Arts-Integrated Instruction on Arithmetic Skills of Students for S.Y. feasibility. How you relay to the reader the implication of the research problem formulated is
2018-2019. what constitutes the background of the study section of your paper. At the end of this lesson,
Answer: _________________________________________________________ you should be able to describe the background of research and will learn what salient
information should be included in the background of the study segment of your paper.
4. Antibacterial effects of C2H5OH extract of Carica papaya leaves.
Answer: _________________________________________________________
10 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 12 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
 What I Can Do
What’s New

Directions: Let’s expand the research topic and title you did in the activities from Lessons 1
Activity 1: Expand Your Vocabulary! and 2 by composing a one to two-page Background of the Study. Print it on a
Directions: Read through the text of this lesson and look for an underlined word that has the short bond paper in the format below:
same meaning as the word in the list below. Write the word on the space provided.
Font: Arial, size 11
1. Uncharted - _______________ Spacing: double
2. Motivation - _______________ Margin: Normal: 1” all sides
3. Background - ______________
4. Extensive - _________________
5. Communicate - ______________ Name: _________________________ Section: ___________________ Date: ___________
6. Conceive - ________________ Research topic: ___________________________________________________________
7. Remarkable - ________________ Research title: ____________________________________________________________
8. Inclusive - ______________
9. Understanding - _______________ Background of the Study
10. Valid - __________________ ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
What Is It _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________.

Background of the Study

Additional Activity
The background of the study is the part of your paper where you inform the reader of
the context of the study. When we say context, it means the situation or circumstances within
which your research topic was conceptualized. Ideally, this part is written when you have
already conducted a literature review and has a good perception of the topic so you can Directions: After you submit your Background of the Study and once it is corrected in
articulate the importance and validity of the research problem. It is also in this part of the paper accordance with the guidelines given, you may start incorporating your Background of the
where you justify the need to conduct a research study about the topic selected by establishing Study to your research manuscript.
the research gap.

A research gap is an under or unexplored area of a topic that requires further

exploration. The gap can be in a form of other variables, conditions, population, methodology, Lesson
or test subject. To identify research gaps, an exhaustive literature review regarding the topic
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
is required. You may have to look for similar or related studies employing quantitative,
qualitative, or mixed methods from legitimate sources and examine the gray areas. Reading
through the Discussion, Conclusion, or the Recommendations sections of the articles will help
you know potential areas of study that need further attention. Identifying research gaps
4
sometimes would even make researchers modify their research problem as they get
noteworthy ideas from fellow researchers.
What’s In
While both the Background of the Study and the Review of Related Literature involve
reading past related studies, they differ in some aspects. The former is at the introductory part
of the paper with the purpose of relaying the importance of your research study; the latter is
more comprehensive and thoroughly discusses the studies mentioned in the background of In the previous lessons of this module, you were taught how to design research that is
research. Moreover, the background of the study answers the following questions: interesting and something that you are passionate about. You have learned that research
1. What is already known about the topic? problems are within your environment or area of interest. You were given various activities to
2. What is not known about the topic? learn how to come up with interesting and useful research problems. In this lesson,
3. Why do you need to address those gaps? Identification of the research problems and research questions will be furthered explained.
4. What is the rationale of your study?

13 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 15 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

 You have also learned how to craft qualitative research problems and questions when
you took Practical Research 1 In this lesson, quantitative research problems and types of
quantitative research questions will be elaborated. What Is It

Characteristics of Good Research Questions

What I Need to Know
Once you have already enumerated your research questions for your study, it is
important that you consider its quality to answer and explain your research problem. The
Nature of Quantitative Research Problem following are good characteristics of research questions, as described by Fraenkel and Wallen
(2020).
Once we encounter uncertainty, being inquisitive, we always find ways for answers or
solution. Ignited by interest, curiosity, or need, we always find ourselves pondering about the
Feasible. Consider the amount of time, energy, money, respondents, and even your
current problem we are facing. When we are thinking and behaving this way, we are then
current situation as a student-researcher. Is the research problem possible? Will it not spend
confronted by a problem that can be a source of a research problem.
unreasonable amount? Consider these examples: “How do parents feel about the blended
learning modality for elementary learners?” and “How would giving each learner their own
A research problem is simple as a problem you would like to research. Quantitative
laptop to be used in this blended learning modality affect their performance tasks?” The first
Research Problem deals more with the precision and specificity of the problem. Furthermore,
example is definitely a more feasible research question. Considering the resources, it is more
the quantitative research problem describes trends and patterns of a phenomenon.
possible to gather the data needed to answer the question.
When you have identified your quantitative research problem, you can now state it and
Clear. The clarity of how the questions are stated lead to agreement of meaning of the
make sure to establish its place in your study. In your written paper, this can be found as
readers of your study. Since your research questions are also considered as the main focus
Statement of the Problem, where it formally introduces the problem that you want to
in the gathering and analyzing the data, it is therefore very important that these are stated
investigate or address. By this time, you can start specifying what you want to answer in your
clearly.
study.
Significant. Ask if your research questions are relevant or important to ask. Will
Research Problem and Research Questions
answering these questions provide an additional contribution to address the given research
The research questions help clarify and specify the research problem. They are also problem? In other words, are the research questions really worth investigating?
considered as sub-problems of your research problem and are informative in nature. They At this point, you do not just consider the time and money that you will spend, but more
specify the method of collecting and analyzing data, and the type of data to be collected when importantly, the value of what you are trying to investigate. So aside from the reason that your
exploring a quantitative research problem. chosen research problem is within your interest, you should also provide a sound justification
of your choice as a researcher.

Ethical. Always consider the welfare of people, animals or whosoever are involved in
What’s New your study. Look into ways of answering the research questions without inflicting physical and
psychological harm to persons involved.

Activity 1: That’s a Good Question Formulating Research Questions

Directions: Here are some samples of research questions. Rank them on a scale of 1 to 10
(1= lowest, 10 = highest) based on their feasibility and clarity as a quantitative Research questions can be generally classified into two: general and specific. The
research question. Then, provide a brief explanation of your rating. general question of the study is derived from the research problem while the specific questions
are anchored on the general research problem.
Your
Quantitative Research Question Explanation For example:
Rating
This study aims to determine the relationship between the types of learning delivery
1. How many Grade-7 students are
mode and students’ learning styles. Furthermore, it seeks to answer the following research
enrolled in blended learning this
questions: (1) What are the different learning delivery modes of the school? (2) What are the
School Year?
various learning styles of the students? (3) Is there a significant relationship between the
different learning delivery modes of the school and the learning styles of its students?
2. Is modular learning or online learning
more effective in Language or
Notice that a general problem was presented first. Then it was followed by the specific
Science subjects?
questions considered as research questions of the study.
3. Is there a significant relationship in
In stating quantitative research questions, you should also consider the design of your
the number of households and
quantitative research. Quantitative research designs will be elaborated in Module 4. For the
COVID-19 confirmed cases in a
purpose of writing your research question, here’s a quick guide of research questions for
Barangay?
16 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 17 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
descriptive research, correlational research, Ex Post Facto research, Experimental, and
Quasi-experimental research. Lesson
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Research Questions for Descriptive Research focus on observing, describing, and
reporting factors or aspects of the research problem. Phrases such as how often/frequently,
how many/much, what is/are, to what extent/degree, and the likes are used in these questions.
For example, you study the use of social media among Senior High School Students, you can
5 OF THE STUDY
ask the following questions:

What are the various social media platforms used by Senior High Students?
What’s In
How many hours students spend on social media per day?

Research Questions for Correlational Research aim to determine the relationships In Module 1, Lesson 3 you were taught how to identify and differentiate various
among two or more variables in your research problem. Correlational research questions research variables and its uses. Identifying your research variables is very important since it
usually begin with the phrases “Is there a significant relationship...” or “What is the relationship will set the parameters of your study. Carefully selecting your research variables also helps
between/among...”. In the study of use of social media and level of digital literacy of students you to determine what will be investigated. As a result, it will be easier for you to set the scope
following questions can be asked: and delimitation of the study. This lesson focuses on how you are going to indicate the scope
and delimitation of your study.
What is the relationship between the length of hours spent on social media and level
of digital literacy of students?
.
Is there a significant relationship between the type of social media used and the level What I Need to Know
digital literacy of students?

Research Questions for Ex Post Facto Research attempt to identify the causes of Activity 1. Find and Form the Meaning
the phenomenon in the context of your research problem. It is also assumed that no control
or manipulation of variable has been done in order to cause the effect. It is also understood Directions: Find five synonyms of “scope” and “delimitation”. Then, analyze and connect the
that the cause of the problem already exists before you conducted your study. For example, gathered words in order to form the meaning of “Scope and Delimitation of the
ex post facto study on family background and digital literacy of students, the following Study.
questions can be asked:
Synonyms Formed Meaning
Is there a difference in the literacy level of students between their cultural and
educational family background? 1.

Research Questions for Experimental and Quasi-experimental Research suggest 2.

that answers to these questions are brought about by manipulation or control of a certain
variable during the conduct of the study. These questions provide explanation to the causal Scope 3.
relationship of variables. The following research questions can be asked on studies on
elementary student’s remedial sessions and academic performance of students: 4.

Is there a significant difference in the posttest scores of the control group and 5.
experimental group?
1.

2.
What’s More 3.
Delimitation
4.
Activity 2: The Very Good Questions
5.
Directions: Using the same examples in your Activity 1, rank them on the scale of 1 to 10 (1=
lowest, 10 = highest) based on the given parameters in writing a good research
question. If you find that the questions are not so good, then rewrite the questions
on the last column of the table. If you think it is already good, then write your
justification as well.
18 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 22 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2
 What Is It What’s More
Scope and Delimitation
Activity 3. Reshape the Scope and Delimitation
In doing research study, we make sure that we have certainty and reasons for drawing
the inclusion and exclusion of research variables. We do not write for the sake of writing the Directions: Read the following scope and delimitation about a research on sickness
parts of the research paper, such as setting the scope and delimitation of your study. It is prevention. Try to improve its structure and coverage. You can add some details
important because it draws the boundary of your study. Without doing so, research procedures in revising this research section.
and results will not be coherent to the goal of your study.

The scope specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or Sample
participant, and timeline. Delimitation cites factors of your study that are not included or
excluded or those you will not deal in your study. The current focuses on the relationship between socio-demographic background of
the family and their heath practices. Only 60 Grade 11 students were considered in this
In this section of your research paper, you may also state the reasons why you did not study as respondents. The research lasted for two months.
include the variables. A clearly written scope and delimitation of the study will make it definitely
easier to answer questions which are related or not related to your study.
Your revised version
Components of Scope and Delimitation _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
In writing the scope and delimitation of your study, you are also asking the basic profile
_______________________________________________________________________________
questions of your research. The following are the components of the scope and delimitation
of the study but not limited to: _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Topic of the Study. What are the variables to be included and excluded?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Objectives or Problems to be Addressed. Why are you doing this study? _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Time Frame. When are you going to conduct this study?
____________________________________________________________________________
Locale of the Study. Where are you going to gather your data?

Characteristics of the Respondents. Who will be your respondents? Activity 4. Let’s go online.

Method and Research Instruments. How are going to collect the data? Practice what you have learned from this lesson. Visit the following:
[Link]
[Link]
Difference between Delimitation and Limitation of the Study

The delimitation of the study describes the various limitations that arose during the
design and conduct of the study. Along the way of conducting your study, you will encounter What I Have Learned
limitations which you have not drawn before you start – these are the delimitations of study.
Most of the delimitations arose from the applicability or usefulness of the findings of the study
to the current problem. Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each item comprehensively.

Variables not included in your study are also determined by delimitation of your study. 1. What I know about scope and delimitation of the study is
While on the other hand, limitation of the study are those variables included in your study. ___________________________________________________________________
Hence, limitation of the study is actually the identified scope of the study. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

24 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 25 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

2. I have learned that when indicating the scope and delimitation of the study Additional Activity:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Direction: Once your work is corrected after submitting and specifying your scope and
___________________________________________________________________ delimitation, you may start writing a paragraph format of this and incorporate it in
___________________________________________________________________ your research manuscript.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ Lesson
___________________________________________________________________ SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

What I Can Do
5 OF THE STUDY

Indicate your Scope and Delimitation of the Study What Is It

Directions: Perform the following task. Specify the scope and delimitation of your study by
answering the basic contents of this research section. Getting this far means you have already completed the first part of the research paper.
The next step is to present your Statement of the Problem. The following topics were already
1. What are the variables to be included and excluded? discussed and practiced, so it is time to present your output for this Module.

___________________________________________________________________ Research Title

Background of the Research
___________________________________________________________________ Research Questions
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
2. Why are you doing this study? Significance of the Study or Beneficiaries (if applicable)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ What’s More

CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Mod_2
26 Activity 1. Personal Work Evaluation
3. When are you going to conduct this study? Direction: Rate your own paper using the rubric below. For the purpose of improvement, rate
your output as honestly as you can. Use the following scale in evaluating your own
___________________________________________________________________ paper.
___________________________________________________________________ 5 – Very Good, 4 – Good, 3 – Fair, 2 – Poor, 1 – Needs Improvement
Self-
4. Where are you going to gather your data? Indicator
Rating
1. Title Formulation
___________________________________________________________________
Variables, goal, respondents are clearly stated
2. Background of the Study
___________________________________________________________________
Rationale, basic literature background, gravity of the chosen problem are
established
5. Who will be your respondents?
___________________________________________________________________ 3. Statement of the Problem
General problem, research questions are correctly stated
___________________________________________________________________ 4. Scope and Delimitation
Indicators to be included and excluded are mentioned
5. Significance of the Study
Benefits and beneficiaries are discussed completely
Total Rating

26 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2 27 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2

Activity 2. Reflection

1. What is your highest and lowest rating? What are your reasons for giving yourself
such ratings?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Overall, do you think you are ready for presentation of your research paper? Explain
your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. Let’s go online

Visit the following links to further enhance your written problem and to improve your
preparation for presentation.

[Link]

[Link]

What I Have Learned

1. What new learnings have you gained from this module in terms of skills, content, and
attitude in identifying and stating the research problem?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How will you improve your research writing skills in quantitative research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

28 CO_Q1_Practical Research 2_Module 2