Research Instruments
The instruments will be used in the present study include a writing test, a writing strategy
questionnaire for identifying the what writing strategies mostly used and the level of writing
strategies of the respondents. A writing test to be conducted in class is to design to measure
writing achievements. In the writing test, all the subjects are required to write a composition of
about 150 words on the topic “Positive and Negative effects of the Internet”. The internet, which
is familiar to the students, was chosen as the topic in order that the writing task would not be too
difficult for the students, and that they would have some ideas to write. The students‟
compositions would be scored according to their content and language respectively. The data for
this study will be collected through a writing strategy questionnaire based on Petric and Czarl‟s
writing strategy questionnaire in their published article “Validating a Writing Strategy
Questionnaire” (Petric & Czarl, 2003). In the conclusion of that article, the authors made some
suggestions for modifications of the questionnaire so that it would suit investigations into writing
strategies in further research. At Petric and Czarl‟ suggestions, the author of the current study
made a few minor changes to the questionnaire.
The questionnaire is to explore information about students‟ writing strategy use during their
writing processes. It contains a list of written statements, each of which presents an assertion
about the use of a writing strategy. The format is in accordance with Oxford‟s SILL, which uses
a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never or almost never true of me) to 5 (always or almost
always true of me). Students are asked to indicate the frequency with which they use a strategy
implied in the statement by circling the number which represents their response. The higher
number indicates a more frequent use of the strategy concerned. The items are sequenced
following the structure of the writing process, i.e. pre-writing, writing, and revising stages, so as
to provide a clear frame of reference to the students. Altogether, there are 3 stage strategies, 12
strategy groups, and 28 individual strategies involved in the questionnaire. The Table above
gives a description of the strategies. Further, the following Likert scale will be utilized to
evaluate the results of the study:
Range of Means Description Interpretation
4.50 – 5.00 Very High This demonstrates that
students have a very high level of
mostly used strategy.
3.50 – 4.49 High This demonstrates that
students have a high
level of mostly used strategy.
2.50 – 3.49 Moderate This demonstrates that
students have a moderate level of
mostly used strategy.
1.50 – 2.29 Low This demonstrates that
students have a low level of mostly
used strategy.
1.00 – 1.49 Very Low This demonstrates that
students have a very low level of
mostly used strategy.
The other hand, the other variable will utilize the English Language Competence Questionnaire
of Eslit (2023). The survey questionnaire measures the language competence of the respondents
in terms of the knowledge and abilities to use English in four inter-related skills: speaking,
listening; reading, and writing as well as the comprehension skill. The survey questionnaire
divided into five (5) skills with ten (10) questions each skill. The respondents will use the
following criteria to evaluate the questionnaire: 5 as strongly agree, 4 as agree, 3 as neutral, 2 as
disagree, and 1 as strongly disagree. The following Likert scale will be utilized to evaluate the
results of the study:
Range of Means Description Interpretation
4.50 – 5.00 Very High This demonstrates that
students’ Language Skills are very
evident.
3.50 – 4.49 High This demonstrates that
students’ Language Skills are
evident.
2.50 – 3.49 Moderate This demonstrates that
students’ Language Skills are
moderately evident.
1.50 – 2.29 Low This demonstrates that
students’ Language Skills are
slightly evident
1.00 – 1.49 Very Low This demonstrates that
students’ Language Skills are not
evident
Overall, the research instrument will include two part of survey. The first survey
identifies the level of Writing Strategies for the independent variable and another survey
for the dependent variable which will identify the level of level of Language Skills of the
students. Professionals will verify the survey questionnaires for the study.
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME (OPTIONAL):
GRADE LEVEL & SECTION:
PART 1: WRITING STRATEGIES
Adopted from: “Validating a Writing Strategy Questionnaire” (Petric & Czarl, 2003)
PART 2: LANGUAGE SKILLS
Adaptive from: English Language Competence Questionnaire (Eslit, 2023)