❖ India and Pakistan became independent nations in 1947,
People‘s Republic of China was established in 1949.
❖ India announced its first five-year plan in 1951,
Pakistan announced its medium-term developmental plan in 1956.
China announced its first five-year plan in 1953.
China:
❖ China was established and the country was regulated by government(state).
❖ the Great Leap Forward campaign was initiated in 1958 to foster industrialization. It
encouraged people to set up industries in their backyard.
❖ GLF campaign met with many problems:-
i. severe drought
ii. Russia had conflicts with China, it withdrew its professionals from China to help in
the industrialization process.
❖ Under the commune system, people collectively cultivated lands.
❖ In 1965, Mao Zedong introduced the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76) under
which students and professionals were sent to work and learn from country side.
❖ China‘s present its reforms in 1978.
❖ China introduced reforms in phases.
Initial phase = Reforms were initiated in agriculture,
Later phase = Reforms were initiated in industrial sector.
=SEZ were set up to attract foreign investors.
Pakistan
❖ mixed economy model
❖ In the 1970‘s, introduced denationalization
❖ In 1988 - Pakistan introduced economic reforms.
Demographic Indicators of India, China,
and Pakistan:
❖ China has the highest population
❖ its population density is the lowest.
❖ population growth is highest in Pakistan
❖ China’s One Child Policy‘ norm initiated in late 1970‘s.
❖ fertility rate is also low in China and very high in Pakistan.