Demolition Works

 Demolition works shall be carried out by RSC(D) unless (PNAP APP-96):

i. The building to be demolished is not in Scheduled Area no.1
ii. No part of the building exceeds 10m above adjacent ground
iii. Structural element span <=6m & cantilevered span <=1m
iv. Not in pre-stressed concrete construction
v. Not involve earth-retaining structure with retaining height >1.5m
vi. No other building within 5m from the building

 Precautionary and protective measures not require approval (PNAP APP-21)

i. Protective wire nettings
ii. Dust screens of plastic or tarpaulin sheets
iii. Scaffolds and intermediate catchfans
iv. Hoarding, covered walkway, gantry and catch platforms (require hoarding
permit, PNAP APP-23)
v. Shoring & propping for stabilization

 Statutory Submission
 Demolition Plan
I. Application for approval of demolition Plan (BA4 & BA5 substantiated with
structural calculation; 60 days)
II. Application for consent (28 days):
i. BA8, SSP & BA20
ii. Hoarding have been erected with valid hoarding permit
iii. Precautionary measure have been carried out according to approved plans
such as scaffolding, protective screens, propping, shoring, video recording
devices
iv. Utilities were terminated
v. Particulars of machinery operator when required
III. Notification for commencement of works (BA10, 7days)
IV. Certificate of completion of demolition works (BA14A)

 Hoarding Permit
I. Application:
i. BA19, Hoarding Plan (60 days)
 ii. If Streamline processing, PNAP APP-23 Appendix E, 30 days, given that:
- A TIA is not required
- Comply with HyD & TD’s requirement
- AP/RSE certify that the standard design as stipulated in PNAP APP-21
are complied with
- The hoarding/covered walkway is structurally safe
- No contractor’s shed rest on top of the hoarding
- RGE certify that nearby slopes not affected
- No tress affected
II. Renewal: PNAP APP-23 Appendix G, Original of Hoarding Permit (BD 109), Photo
records
III. Minor amendment to hoarding without prior approval:
i. Comply with HyD & TD’s requirement
ii. Original TIA if any is still valid
iii. Certified by AP/RSE (by Form PNAP APP-23 Appendix H)
iv. No contractor’s shed rest on top of the hoarding
v. RGE certify that nearby slopes not affected
vi. No tress affected
IV. Validity: Demolition works – 6 months; General Building Works – 3 years, should
be certified annually by form PNAP APP-23 Appendix F

 Site Supervision
 Video Recording at location securely protected from being tampered, at lease one
for each site; records to be kept for at least 14 days
 Critical stage
- For demolition of complex structure e.g. flat slab, pre-stressed concrete,
transfer plate, hanger, beam with span > 10m, steel framed construction,
cantilevered structure with span > 1.2m over street
- Require full time RC T5 & RSE T5 twice a week
 Demolition Works exempted from SSP (Technical Memorandum for Site
Supervision Plans)
(i.e. demolition works not requiring a RSC(D))
I. The building to be demolished is not in Scheduled Area no.1
II. No part of the building exceed 10m above adjacent ground
III. Storey height <= 5m
 IV. Structural element span <=6m & cantilevered span <=1m
V. Not in pre-stressed concrete construction
VI. Not involve earth-retaining structure with retaining height >1.5m
VII. No other building within 5m from the building
 Demolition Plan
(Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings 2004)
 Demolition plan should include:
I. Location of the building to be demolished
II. Detailed topography
III. Detail of ground removal/backfilling
IV. Distance from the building and adjacent buildings
V. Layout plan of all floors to be demolished showing use, structural support
system, principal material of construction, condition of building, neighboring
properties affected by demolition etc.
VI. Structural arrangement of unconventional structural elements
VII. Procedure of demolition
VIII. Route and extent of movement of powered mechanical plant
IX. Precautionary measures (e.g. hoarding layout, dust screen, scaffolding,
catchfans, etc.)
X. Proposed shoring to adjacent building
XI. Debris disposal and management system
i. Debris handling method
ii. Routing and movement of debris from floor to on grade holding area
iii. Transportation off site
iv. Time and frequency for transportation off site
v. Record scheme
vi. Site supervision personnel reponsible

 Planning of demolition works

 Building Survey
 Construction materials,
 existing use,
 dangerous areas,
 adjoining properties & site conditions,
 Drainage condition,
  shared facilities, sensitivity of neighborhood
 Hazardous materials
(e.g. Asbestos, wastewater, dangerous goods, materials that may cause air
pollution and soil contamination)
 Structural Survey
I. Structural material and system,
II. method of construction,
III. dilapidation and degree of deterioration,
IV. condition of adjoining structures,
V. continuous structures that may be truncated,
VI. basement/underground structures,
VII. bracings,
VIII. nature of walls,
IX. cantilevered structures,
X. fixture to buildings
XI. Special Stuructures

 Utilities
(Electricity, Water, Gas, Telecom, Drainage, overhead and underground cables,
Railway facilities, Sewage facilities, tunnels)
I. Utilities should be terminated prior to demolition (B(DW)R 3)
II. Temporary water supply for spraying during demolition
III. Temporary telecom for security & communication
IV. Temporary electricity for lighting and construction

 Precautionary Measures
 Hoarding
 Requirement
I. If clear distance of hoarding(L) => Height of Building(H), only hoarding is
required
II. If H>L=>0.5H, Covered walkway is required
III. If L<0.5H, Covered walkway with catch platform is required except H<4m
IV. For narrow service lane <= 3.5m wide, covered walkway is acceptable
V. Hoarding to be provided full length along site boundary adjacent to public
access
VI. Standarad of hoarding refer to PNAP APP-23 & CoP
i. Min. vertical clearance = 2.3m
ii. Min. clear width = 1.1m if sited on carriageway, where min. width
of traffic lane = 2.8m or carriageway = 5.5m can be maintained
iii. Min. clear width = x in regards of width of existing footpath (W)
W<=2.5m x=1.5m except narrow pavements
2.5m<W<=3m x=W-0.8 or max. 2m
W>3m x=2m
iv. Width of catch platform => 2m
v. Min. clearance of 5.5m for catch platform encroaching 500mm
from edge of carriageway
vi. Gantry with 5.5m headroom as far as practicable
vii. Min. 550mm clearance from hoarding to edge of carriageway
viii. Concrete plinths max. 250mm thick and max. 1000mm high with
Min. 1100mm between concrete plinths
ix. Not more than 300mm from lot boundary
x. Access to utility pit cover shall not be obstructed
xi. In case the hoarding is sited at a traffic sensitive road i.e. red
route, pink route or bus corridor, or 70m from a signalized
junction with a traffic sensitive road, TIA will be required to be
submitted 2 months before application of hoarding permit
xii. If suspension of parking space is required, application to C for T 7
days or 30 days before for suspension period less than 3 months
or more than 3 months respectively
xiii. Hoarding be properly lit at night
 Scaffoldings
I. Bamboo or metal scaffoldings should be provided for top-down method
II. Work platform comply with requirements of Labor department:
i. At least 440mm wide
ii. Be closely boarded/planked/plated so that no gap > 6mm except
for drainage
iii. Toe board on both sides with min. 200mm high
iv. Top guard rail between 900-1150mm AFL and max. space
between toa board and lowest guard rail = 700mm; intermediate
guard rail between 450-600mm AFL

 Screen covers
I. 2 layers of screen covers should be provided
II. Tarpaulin – heavy duty polyethylene net (exterior->interior)
III. Be tied at 2m interval and overlapping between screens => 300mm
IV. Tarpaulin should be of fire retardant characteristic

 Catchfan
I. Bamboo or steel
II. Not more than 10m below working floor, extending 1.5m from exterior of
scaffolding with inclination of 20-45 degree from horizontal
  Environmental precautions
I. Air pollution:
- Dust mitigation measures complying with Air Pollution Control
(Construction Dust) Regulations
II. Noise Pollution:
- Workers and sensitive receivers, restricted hours, governed by Noise
Control Ordinance, Construction Noise Permit System for use of
Specified Powered Mechanical Equipment or carrying out of Prescribed
Construction Works in restricted hours or designated areas
III. Water Pollution:
- Discharge of wastewater require valid discharge license from EPD made
under Water Pollution Control Ordinance
IV. Hazardous Materials:
- Asbestos investigation and abatement should be carried out in
accordance with Air Pollution Control Ordinance and Factory and
Industrial Undertaking (Asbestos) Regulations
- Dangerous Goods to be identified and properly handled

 Debris and Waste Handling

 Chutes
I. Lift Shaft: Opening should be enclosed to prevent spilling out of debris
II. Light Well: Glass windows should be removed for conveyance of debris
III. Opening on Floor: Openings < 25% of total floor area and each opening <=
900x900mm unless otherwise substantiated by structural justifications
IV. Exterior chutes: Metal chute made of old metal barrels should not be used
(PNAP APP-66); Dust barrier should be provided
 Debris recycling
I. Domestic waste
II. Metal
III. Timber
IV. Concrete/Brick after separated from reinforcements (after pulverized in to
aggregate size and be used for road base, fill material etc.) -> public fill/C&D
material recycling facilities
  Debris loading
I. Route of loaders and trucks
II. Working headroom
III. CoP for the loading of vehicles by TD

 Method of demolition
 Top down manual method
 From Roof to Ground
 Jack hammer to break concrete & Oxy-acetylene torch to cut reinforcement
after all attached concrete be broken
 Rope/wire to pull down structural elements should be 4 times stronger than
the anticipated pulling force and be checked twice per day
 Demolition sequence
 General
I. Cantilevered structures, verandahs and features attached to
external wall
II. All non-load bearing/non-structural elements inside building
III. Roof structures
IV. Floor slabs at mid span to supporting beam
V. Beams: Cantilevered beams, secondary beams, main beams
VI. Column and load bearing walls

 Cantilevered Structures
I. Exterior wall
II. Structures supported by the cantilevered structure
III. Concrete slab from outer edge inwards
IV. Cantilevered beam

 Exterior Wall, Beam and Column

I. Brink in-fill Wall to be removed from top layer downwards at 300mm
interval
II. Exterior beam
i. Secure the beam to other structural element by wire and winch
or other method
ii. Break concrete at both ends to expose reinforcement and cut
reinforcement at on end to allow beam to partially drop
iii. Cut reinforcement at remaining end

III. Exterior column

i. Secure top of column
ii. Pre-weaken the bottom of column by removing concrete to
expose reinforcement
iii. Cut reinforcement at exterior and pull down column by wire
and winch

IV. Exterior Concrete Frame

i. Bay by bay where adjacent columns <=3m
ii. Secure frame to other structural elements with wire and winch
iii. Pre-weaken columns at bottom
iv. Cut reinforcement of beams and pull down the frame by wire
and winch

V. R.C. Load bearing Wall

i. Break RC Wall into sections of 1-2m wide and start with the
section at middle
ii. Secure wall sections with wire and winch
iii. Pre-weaken wall at bottom so that concrete at interior is
removed by hand-held tools
iv. Cut reinforcement bars along the vertical cut and pull down the
wall

VI. Non-load bearing wall

I. Similar to load bearing wall by beam to be demolished
separately
  Floor Slabs
I. Two Way slab (supported on four sides)
- Begin at middle and advance to all four direction
II. One Way Slab (supported on two sides)
- Begin at unsupported end and proceed in a strip perpendicular
to the support
III. Flat Slab
- Begin at center of the bay between supporting columns and
proceed outward to columns

 Interior Beam
- Remove only until all dead loads removed; secondary then main
beam
- Similar to exterior beams

 Interior columns
- Similar to exterior columns

 Top Down method by machine

 Support of machine should be checked (floor slab, propping, ground support
capacity)
 Movement of plant to be restricted from:
- 2m from edge of building
- 1m from any floor openings
- Cantilevered structures
 Lifting of machinery
- By mobile crane or any appropriate means
- Lifting machine shall comply with F&IU (Lifting Appliances and Lifting
Gear) Regulations
 Temporary Ramp
- Not steeper than 1.75 to 1 or as recommended by the machine
manufacturer
- May also be moved by crane to down floor
 Demolition sequence
- Similar to top down manual method but by use of machine
 Hydraulic Crusher with Long Boom Arm
 Suitable for dangerous buildings, silos (筒倉) and other industrial facilities
 Application Criteria
I. Min. clear space of 0.5 times of the building height as safety zone
II. Crusher operation on firm ground
III. Top down sequence
IV. Debris may be used to build a densely compacted platform up to
3m with side slope not steeper than 1:1 to extend the range of
reach
V. Structure to be pre-soaked with water before demolition
VI. Dust mitigation measures
VII. Site completely fenced-off with 24-hour security
VIII. No worker within the machine operating area or inside the
building
IX. Spot person to assist the operator
 Wrecking Ball
 Implosion
 Others: Non-explosive demolition agent, Saw cutting, Cutting and lifting,
Mechanical Demolition, Thermal lance, Water Jet,