Biology 1-mark questions Chapter 1

1. A large variety of living things exists on the land, in the water and in the air.
2. Biology is very fundamental and important science dealing with bacteria, protista, fungi,
plants and animals including humans.
3. To great extent, we owe our daily high standard of living to biological advanced in two
areas.
4. The two areas that biology advances in daily life are food production and disease control.
5. Plant and animal breeders have modified organisms to yield greater amounts of food than
did older varieties.
6. The improvements in the plants, along with better farming practices, have greatly increase
food production.
7. Morphology is the study of forms and structures of organisms.
8. Anatomy is the study of gross internal structures.
9. Histology is the study of microscopic structures of tissues.
10. Cytology is the study of cells.
11. Physiology is the study of living processes or functions of the various parts of organisms.
12. Embryology is the study of early development of organisms.
13. Taxonomy is the study of classification of organisms.
14. Ecology is the study of the relationships of organisms to their environment.
15. Biodiversity is the study of varieties among living organisms.
16. Evolution is the study of the origin and change in forms of organisms over time.
17. Genetics is the study of heredity and variations.
18. Mycology is the study of fungi.
19. Protistology is the study of protists.
20. Phycology is the study of algae.
21. Virology is the study of viruses.
22. All living things consists of the living substance called protoplasm which forms the basis
of cells.
23. These cells contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules that carry biological
information.
24. Cells of plants and animals are organized into tissues and tissues are in turn organized into
organs and systems.
25. The two aspects of metabolism are anabolism and catabolism.
26. The food material is made into a part of the organism in the process of anabolism.
27. The food material, when broken down, releases energy and results in the formation of
waste products, termed as catabolism.
28. The important metabolic processes that take place in organisms involve the utilization of
food; nutrition, respiration and excretion.
29. Movements in plants mainly take place inside the cells.
30. Reproduction is the production of a new generation of offspring.
31. Living things respond to stimulus.
32. The two types of reproduction are asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
33. The science of classification of organisms is taxonomy.
34. The word “biodiversity” is a short form of “biological diversity” which means that the
abundance of different types of species.
35. Classification is essential to biology because there are too many different living things to
sort out and compare unless they are organized into manageable categories.
36. With an effective classification system in use, it is easier to organize the ideas about
organisms and make generalizations.
37. The process of classification involves placing the organism into a group based on the
common characteristics it shares with others in the group.
38. Taxonomy can be used to examine the evolutionary history of organisms and the
relationships between organisms.
39. Linnaeus introduced the Binomial System of Nomenclature in the year 1753.
40. The first name is the genus and the second is the species.
41. The name of the genus is always started with a capital letter and the name of the species
is started with a small letter.
42. The scientific name of human is Homo sapiens and that of paddy plant is Oryza sativa.
43. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya diverged early in the history of life.
44. There are two kingdoms with the domains Archaea and Bacteria, namely kingdoms
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
45. The differences between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are based primarily on the
metabolism and genetic composition of the organisms.
46. With the domain Eukarya, there are four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
47. Methanogens/Thermophiles live in extreme environment.
48. Viruses, although not considered as living organisms, cause common diseases such as
colds and influenza and also more serious ones such as AIDS.
49. The long form for AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
50. Viruses are very small being 20-400 nm non-cellular particles.
51. Each virus particle contains DNA or RNA covered by a protein coat.
52. Viruses are parasites and causing diseases in plants and animals.
53. Virus in infected cells can make copies of themselves for reinfection in other host cells.
54. Protista live in water, but a few species live in moist area while others can even live in the
human intestine.
55. Protista movement is often by flagella, cilia or pseudopodia.
56. Protista reproduce asexually by fission, buddying or fragmentation.
57. Plant-like protists contain chlorophyll in chloroplasts.
58. Fungus-like protists are feed on dead organic matter and lack chitin in their cell walls.
59. Chlorella have chlorophylls and can make their own food due to photosynthesis.
60. Diatom can’t make their own food although it contains chlorophylls.
61. In fungi, a collection of hyphae, thin thread like filaments form the mycelia.
62. In fungi, chlorophyll is absent and unable to carry out photosynthesis.
63. Fungi grow as parasites on other organisms or as saprophytes on decaying organic matter
in the soil and water.
64. Fungi’s cell wall of hypha is made up of chitin.
65. Fungi reproduce vegetatively, asexually or sexually.
66. The characteristics of Chytridiomycota contain unicellular or multicellular, coenocytic
hyphae. (Eg. Chytrids)
67. The characteristic of Zygomycota contains aseptate hyphae with many nuclei
(coenocytic).
68. Ascomycota’s hypha is septate and branched except in yeast (unicellular).
69. The characteristic of Deuteromycota contains septate hyphae.
70. Plantae obtain their energy from sun through photosynthesis.
71. Cell wall of plant is composed of cellulose.
72. Plants reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods.
73. In life cycle of plants, interchanges occur from the embryo and are supported by other
tissues.
74. Plants lack motility.
75. In Bryophyta, life cycle of bryophytes shows two distinct generations which are
gametophytic and sporophytic generations.
76. In Gymnospermae, seeds are not enclosed in a fruit.
77. In Gymnospermae, seeds develop either on the surface of scale or leaf-like appendages
known as sporophylls.
78. In Angiospermae, seed with one cotyledon are monocots, seed with two cotyledons are
called dicots.
79. Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic organisms.
80. Animals are divided into two main groups: those that do not have a backbone (vertebral
column) are grouped as invertebrates.
81. The animals that have a backbone are grouped as vertebrates.
82. Invertebrates make up more than 95 percent of all animal species alive today.
83. Porifera consists of two cell layers only: ectoderm and endoderm with mesoglea (non-
cellular layer) between them.
84. Cnidaria has gastrovascular cavity present.
85. Platyhelminthes has three distinct cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).
86. Platyhelminthes has incomplete digestive system with one opening.
87. Annelida has true coelom present with coelomate.
88. Mollusca has soft body with or without shell.
89. Arthropoda has exoskeleton present.
90. Echinodermata has bilateral symmetry in embryo and radial symmetry in adult.
91. Echinodermata has water vascular system present.
92. All the chordates have bilateral symmetry with three cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm
and endoderm) and dorsal hollow nerve cord.
93. All the chordates have notochord, pharyngeal gill slits and tail in embryo or in adults.
94. They body of most of the vertebrates is divided into head, trunk and tail.
95. Amphibians lay eggs in water where larva (tadpole) lives in water which metamorphoses
into adult.
96. Birds are Homoiothermic.