UNIT II - Functional Writing Skills

Four Modes of Writing, Sentence Structure, Art of condensation: Summary Writing

and Note Making, Use of phrase and clause in sentence, Principles of paragraph
writing, Techniques of Essay Writing, Jumbled Sentence, Paraphrasing

FOUR MODES OF WRITING

Modes |Forms |Types |Domains of writing
There are four basic modes of writing. They are 1. descriptive 2. narrative 3. expository 4.
persuasive. Each mode has their own specific purpose.
1. Descriptive mode of writing
Meaning: The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place or
event so that the topic can be clearly seen in the readers mind. The writer must use vivid
details that paint a picture for the reader.
Characteristics:
It includes many vivid sensory details that paint a picture and appeals to all the readers’
senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste when appropriate .
It often makes use of figurative languages such as analogies, similes and metaphors to paint
the picture in the readers mind.
It uses precise languages.
Use specific adjectives, nouns and strong action verbs to give life to the picture that are
painted in the minds of the reader.
It is organized. Some ways to write descriptive writing include: chronological spatial and
order of importance.

Forms: stories, poems, essays, reports etc., descriptive writing does not tell the reader that
the flower is beautiful, it shows them the flower is beautiful. The reader feels He/|she is a part
of the writer’s experience of the subject.
Guidelines:

 Include plenty of details;

 use figurative languages, if appropriate;
 organize details; show, not tell;
 Use precise language.

2. Narrative mode of writing

Meaning: It is to describe an experience, event or sequence of events in the form of a
story. It is also known as creative writing. A narrative writer writes to entertain the reader.
Therefore a fully developed narrative writing should have a central theme that has to be
introduced in the beginning, followed by development of theme in the middle, and a
memorable end. The narrator is considered as participant, if he is an actual character in the
story and non-participant if he is an implied character.

Characteristics:
  use first or third person narrator;
 plot, character ,settings, dialogue:
shows not tell
 events organized in time order sequence(flashback and other organizational patterns
are also used)
Forms: poetry, short stories, novels, personal essays, folk tales, biography, autobiography,
plays, etc.

Guidelines:
 Organize the events effectively:
 Depict characters and setting vividly:
 Shows not tell:
 Create a main idea, impression or theme.
3. Expository mode of writing
Meaning: It is a type of writing where the purpose is to inform, explains, describe, and define
the author’s concept to the reader. Though objective and not dependent on emotion,
expository writing may be lively, engaging, and reflective of the writer’s underlying
commitment to the topic. This type of writing is frequently used in colleges and universities.
The author has to use the words clearly rather than blatantly telling the reader what is being
discussed.

Characteristics:
 Use second person ‘you’. Avoid using first person pronouns.
 It should not reveal the opinion of the author.
 Events should be arranged in chronological order
 Use key words such as first, after, next, then, last, usually.
Forms: Letters, guidebooks, catalogues, newspaper articles, magazine articles, pamphlets,
comparison, contrast essays, researches etc.,
Guidelines: state the main idea
support main ideas by using examples, details or facts.
Present the information logically
show commitment to the topic.
4. Persuasive mode of writing
Meaning: It is a type of writing where the writers’ main goal is to persuade or convince the
reader to persuade or convince the reader to perform an action. Successful persuasive writing
is based on a topic that is limited in scope, debatable and meaningful or important to both the
writer and an intended audience.
Characteristics: It has argument supported by reasons, examples or facts.
Forms: letters to the editor, advertisements, pamphlets, petitions, opinions, advice columns,
etc,.
Guidelines: Present ideas logically
support ideas using reasons, examples and facts.
End with a strong argument, summary, or call for action.
SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Definition of a Sentence: A sentence means a group of words that makes complete

ense. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It always contains a
finite verb. A sentence may be a statement, question, exclamation or command. It
consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. A sentence may be
short and simple or long and complex. For example:

 She likes Sweets

 She likes Bengali Sweets which are made of milk
2. Structure of a Sentence

A sentence consists of the following parts :

1. Subject : The person or thing about which something is stated is called subject.
2. Predicate : It is that part of a sentence that tells something about the subject.
 His sister works in London
 The flight arrived late
In the above sentences the italicized words are the subjects while the other words are
the predicates.
3. Direct Object : A person or thing which receives the action of the verb is the direct
object. It comes after the verb and answers the question ‘What’. For example:
 Sohan ate breakfast
 The breakfast was tasty
In the above sentences, italicised words are direct objects. Sentence structure is
Subject, Verb, Direct Object.
4. Indirect Object : A person or thing that the action is done to or for is known as the
indirect object. It is the receiver of the direct object. It follows the verb and answers
the questions ‘Whom’. The indirect object usually comes just before the direct object.
For example :
 She made Rava dosa for breakfast
 Deepak is sending his wife an e-mail right now
In the above sentences, italicized words are indirect objects. Sentence structure is
Subject, Verb, Indirect Object, Direct Object.
5. Object of the Preposition : It is a noun or pronoun that provides meaning. The
noun that comes after the preposition is called the object of the preposition. For
example :
  The cat is looking at the mouse
In this sentence “the mouse” is the object of the preposition “at”.
Object of the preposition is different from the indirect object. The object of the
preposition comes immediately after the preposition whereas the Indirect object does
not come immediately after the preposition. Moreover, the indirect object is usually
followed by the direct object but this rule does not apply to object of the preposition.
For example :
 Mohan gave Monika the book.
 Mohan gave the book to Monika
In the first sentence Monika is the indirect object. In the second sentence Monika is
the object of the preposition “to”. The meaning of both the sentences is the same but
their structure is different.
6. Verbs : A verb means that part of speech which describes an action or occurrence.
For example,

 John ran a mile.

 We know the solution to this problem.
Verbs are of the following types according to their function in the sentence.
(i) Finite Verbs : A finite verb (or main verb) agrees with its subject in person and
number. It forms the main clause of a sentence. It also changes according to the tense
of the sentence. For example:
 She is a professor
 They are professors
In the above sentences, italicized words are finite verbs.
(ii) Non-Finite Verbs : A verb that does not change according to the person, number
and tense of the sentence is called a non-finite verb. Non-finite Verbs are of three
types :
(a) Infinitive : It is generally used like a noun. Generally the word “to” is used before
the infinitive verb. For example:
 To err is human
 To forgive is divine
In the above sentences, italicised words are infinitive verbs
(b) Participle : It is a verb which can be used as an adjective. Present participle ends
with ing and the past participle ends with ed or t. For example :
 We saw the breaking news today at 7 p.m.
  The broken glass cut my foot.
In the above sentences italicised words are participles
(c) Gerunds : A gerund is a verb but acts as a noun. It ends with ing. For example:
 She likes reading poetry.
 Playing football is not allowed in this park.
In the above sentences italicised words are gerunds.
(iii) Auxiliary Verbs : The verbs ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’ which are used with main verbs
to make tenses, passive forms, questions and negatives are known as auxiliary or
helping verbs. These include is, own, are, was, were, has, have, had, does, do, did.
For example:
There are 23 auxiliary verbs that can be remembered using the abbreviation “CHAD
B SWIM”
There are 23 auxiliary verbs that can be remembered using the abbreviation “CHAD
B SWIM”

C H A D B S W I M

Can Has Am Do Be Being Shall Was is May

could Had are Does been shoud Will might
have did Were must
would

 She is working on her dissertation

 This song was sung by Lata Mangeshkar
(iv) Modals : Modals are used before main verbs to express meanings such as ability,
permission, possibility and obligation. For example :

Can Must Should

Could Will Need to

May Would Ought to

 Might shall Used to

 Geeta can drive a truck (ability)

 You may go (permission)
 We should speak truth (obligation)
 It might rain tonight. (possibility)
 The temperature might drop tonight. (possibility)
(v) Transitive Verbs : The Verbs which always have direct objects. In other words,
these give action to someone or something: Therefore, these are also called action
verbs which express doable activities. For example :
 Ramesh told a lie
 The traffic police fined the driver
 The dog licked the bread
(vi) Intransitive Verbs : An intransitive verb indicates an action that does not pass
over to an object. It merely expresses a state or being. For example:
 The watchman remains awake (state)
 There is a snag (being)
 She danced (action)
7. Phrases : A phrase means a group of words that makes some sense but not
complete sense. It acts as a single part of speech. It may not have a subject, or a
predicate or both. Phrases are of the following types:
(i) Prepositional Phrase : It is a group of words that begins with a preposition and
ends with a noun or pronoun or gerund. For example :
 He gave the job to her
 Her car is struck in traffic jam
 The army works for the entire country
A prepositional phrase is generally used as an adjective or adverb. When used as an
adjective, it comes after the noun or pronoun which it is describing. The objective
case of a pronoun (me, him, her, us, them, whom) is used a prepositional phrase.
Mughal Garden is part of the Rashtrapati Bhawan Estate
In this sentence ‘of is the preposition Rashtrapati Bhawan Estate is a noun’ and is
the object of the preposition.
The phrase decided the word ‘part’
(ii) Noun Phrase : A noun phrase consists of a single noun or pronoun and its
modifiers. It does the function of a noun. It may be used as a subject, an object or a
complement. For example:
 The dark, foul smoke engulfed the locality (noun phrase
as subject)
 Namita does a lot of office work at home (noun phrase as
object)
 The constitution club is a great place for a press
conference (noun phrase as complement)
(iii) Verb Phrase : In a verb Phrase, a main verb and one or more helping verbs are
linked together. It serves as the predicate of a clause or sentence. It defines the
different times of the action. For example:
 I have read a book
 I was reading a book
 I have already read a book
 I must have been reading a book
8. Complements : A word or a group of words that completes the meaning of a
subject, an object, or a verb is known as complement:
(i) Subject complement : A subject complement modifies or refers to the subject and
follows a verb. It may be a noun or an adjective for example:
 Taj Mahal is Magnificent : (The adjective magnificent is a
subject complement that describes the subject Taj Maha l).
 Mr. Anoop Jalota is a bhajan Singer (The noun
phrase bhajan singer describes Mr. Anoop Jalota).
(ii) Object Complement : It modifies and follows an object. For example :
 Voters elected her a member of the Parliament (Member
of Parliament describes the direct object her).
 I consider smoking cigarettes harmful to
health (Cigarettes is the direct object, harmful to health
describes it).
(iii) Verb Complement : Direct or Indirect object of a verb is called verb complement.
It may be a noun, pronoun, or word/group of words acting as a noun. For example :
  Naina gave Mohan my umbrella (Mohan is the indirect
object, my umbrella is the direct object of the verb gave.
Both are verb complements)

The 4 Types of Sentence Structure

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a
subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

 I like coffee.

 Mary likes tea.

Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or

semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

 I like coffee and Mary likes tea.

 Mary went to work but John went to the party.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

 and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent

clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject
and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

 We missed our plane because we were late.

 Our dog barks when she hears a noise.

 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.

 Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

 after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until,
when, where, whether, while
Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

 that, which, who, whom, whose

Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.

 John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.

 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

ART OF CONDENSATION

Condensation means process of making a book shorter by taking out anything that is not
necessary. The process of condensation in creative writing is synonymous to précis writing.

An abstract is a condensation of a passage, the important words, phrases, and sentences

containing the essential thoughts being worked as simply as possible into sentences. It simply
requires the ability to pick out essential facts.

BETTER PARAGRAPH-- STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPH

A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating in one topic or a group of
related sentences that develops a single point. It consists of several related sentences and a
deal with one controlling idea. This controlling idea is called the topic or theme of the
paragraph. The main function of a paragraph is to develop, support, exemplify or explain the
theme.
In technical writing a paragraph may consists of three kinds of sentences which are as follows

a) Main sentence: which express the main idea of the paragraph?

b) Major supporting sentence: which expand, illustrate, explain, support, or strengthen
the main idea with secondary points and major supporting details?
c) Minor supporting sentence: which further exemplify and support the main idea with
minor points supporting details?

Principles of effective paragraph writing: writing any technical message involves writing
paragraphs. Therefore it is essential to develop the ability to write the paragraph. Being
productive skill writing integrates both composing and organizing skills. The principles to
write paragraph effectively are

a) Proper length: There is no definite rule about the length of paragraph. The length of
paragraph may vary according to the nature and type of document, needs and requirement of
the reader, subject matter, writing style, variety and emphasis. A paragraph may consist of
one or two sentences, or may include more than ten sentences. Paragraph of various lengths
may be used as per the needs of the writing assignment. The following suggestions might
help in making decisions about appropriate paragraph length while writing

Adjust paragraph length to reader: the writer has to adjust the lengths for his reader, who
is considered as an important element in technical and professional writing. Usually writer
should avoid lengthy and clumsy paragraphs for any group of readers.
Adjust paragraph length to subject matter: the length of the paragraph should be adjusted
to the subject matter. A complex subject should not be combined into paragraph which may
arise confusion among the readers.
Adjust paragraph length to the demands of variety and emphasis: A short paragraph may
be used for effective contrasts after a number of long paragraphs or a long paragraph after
several short paragraphs in order to avoid monotony.

b) Unity
Unity of thought: Any effective writing should have one controlling idea or theme. Each
sentence in the paragraph is directly related to that idea and contributes to its development.
Topic sentence: The main idea or the theme of a paragraph is sometimes expressed by one
sentence called a topic sentence. The topic sentence may be placed either in the beginning or
at the end of a paragraph, depending on the logical organization of the paragraph. In general
to specific or deductive logical order, the topic sentence should be placed at the beginning. In
specific to general or inductive logical order, the topic sentence may be placed at the end of a
paragraph.

c) Coherence: Refer cohesive writing in this unit.

Logical development of paragraph:

Illustration— provides examples to explain the main idea.
Comparison and contrasts—brings out similarities and differences to develop the idea.
Cause and effect: explains reason for the end result.
Classification: breaks the main idea in to specific categories.
Problem &solution: discusses solutions to the problem.
Practice in summary writing
The word ‘summary ‘means ‘summed up’ or ‘condensed’. Summarizing is picking out
relevant and important information and presenting it an appropriate manner. It is a productive
skill which integrates both reading and writing. It is a process of condensing information
without changing the original meaning of a passage. The average length of a good summary
is about one third of the original text. It improves our ability to write concisely.
Steps in summary writing

 Step I -familiarize with the topic

 Step II -select important information (write down /underline /highlight )
 Step III -paraphrase the information
 Step IV -insert words between sentences.
  Step V -adjust the length of the summary.

Summarizing technique

A) Selection
It is the process of choosing the information that is essential to the meaning of the passage.
The reader has to concentration on the central idea, main idea, major supporting details.

b) Rejection
It is the process of all that is not important. The things to be rejected are repetition, examples
and illustration, minor supporting details

c) Substitution
It is the process of minimizing the passage. It includes,

Synthesis: combining several sentences in to one sentence.

Sentence substitution: use short sentences for long ones.

One word substitution: substituting one precise word for several words or phrases.

d)Outlining and paraphrasing

Outlining contains only the main ideas.
Paraphrasing refers to the process of rewriting a passage or text in different words without
changing or distorting its original meaning.

NOTE TAKING
Note taking involves the ability as follows :

 Identify the key items or the main points in a given text.

 Reduce or condense the main information identified.

 Organize the condensed information and re-present them in a systematic way.

PURPOSE OF NOTE TAKING

 To record information for future reference.

 To revise lessons easily before examination

 To plan a lecture, a speech etc.

 To plan a discussion.

 To record important points of a text or lecture.

 To present the important points/ideas of a text to someone else.

 1. The greatness of country depends upon its people. India is fortunate to have
vast human resources. Our countrymen are second to none in intelligence and in
doing hard work. From the ancient period Indians excelled in art, architecture,
knowledge of metals, medicines, literature etc. After our Independence in 1947,
the government took steps to improve our country in all spheres. By the five year
plans, provisions are made for the development of the country. The first five year
plan was specially designed to improve our irrigation methods. By the green
revolution we attained self sufficiency in the field of agricultural production.

1.
a) Greatness of the country – people

b) Our country men are second to none

c) The ancient Indians excelled in arts and crafts.

d) After independence Govt. took steps to improve in

all spheres.

e) The first Five year plan was designed

f) Green revolution attained self sufficieny.

2.
a) The present age is the atomic age

b) India made the first nuclear explosion

c) India sent cosmonaunts to space.

2. One of the key factors which sustain the pace of modern life style is
Telecommunication. It plays a vey vital role in the commercial, industrial and
economic activities of mankind and has helped to shrink the world into a global
village. Exchange of information, data and facts and figures including live pictures
from one part of the world to any other part is now routinely possible. Telegraph
was the earliest means of communication between two points separated by
distance. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell discovered the telephone which made
possible the transmitting and receiving points have to be connected by metal wires
through which electrical signals travel in the orm of current vibrations. The
discovery of wireless at the end of this country by Marconi made a revolution in
the history of communication technology. It is no longer necessary to connect the
transmitter and the receiver by wires. Instead electromagnetic waves, the
existence of which was predicted by Maxwell in 1873, could be used to carry
information and messages from one point to another. The advent of artificial
satellites has marked a new age in the history of global communication.

TELECOMMUNICATION
a. Keeps pace with modern life

 Vital role in commercial, economical and

industrial activities

 World shrunk

 Global village

b. Exchange nof information across the globe

 Easy

c. Past experience

 Telegraph, fast communication – 1876

d. Alexander Graham Bell

 Telephone – 1876 human voice

 Long Distances

e. Revolution

 Wireless

 Marconi

f. Maxwell’s prediction

 1873 – electromagnetic waves

 Carry messages

 Satellites – in place

 Global communication
USE OF PHRASE AND CLAUSE

What Is a Phrase? – Meaning and Types

A phrase is a part of a sentence which consists of a group of words that give more
information about the subject, action or event in a sentence. A phrase cannot stand on its own
and will not convey meaning if separated from the sentence. According to the kind of
function it does, it can be classified into various types and they include the following.

 Noun Phrase
 Verb Phrase
 Adverb/Adverbial Phrase
 Prepositional Phrase
 Adjective/Adjectival Phrase

A noun phrase, as the term suggests, is a group of two or more words that functions like
a noun when put together. Like a noun, a noun phrase can also take the place of a subject or
an object.

 Rakesh and Seeta are from Chhattisgarh.

 Music and dance interests me more than anything else does.

Two or more words that perform the role of an adverb, when put together, can be identified as
an adverbial phrase. Like an adverb, an adverbial phrase will also answer questions such as
‘when’, ‘where’, ‘why’, ‘how’ and ‘how often’.

 My mom was angry with me for getting home really late.

 Around noon, we all had completed the tasks for the day.

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a noun group, pronoun, or ‘-

ing’ form.

Using Prepositional Phrases in the Beginning of the Sentence

 After trying multiple times, Haritha finally cleared the equation.

 Before we start class, I would like to talk to you about something.

Using Prepositional Phrases in the Middle of the Sentence

 The girl in the second row is the one who has recently joined.
 The cafe on the fourth street has really good muffins.
Using Prepositional Phrases in the End of the Sentence

 The box was kept under the table.

 We were planning to order food during the break.

An adjective phrase, as the term suggests, is a phrase that functions just like an adjective in a
sentence. It is a group of words that are put together in order to qualify the noun or pronoun that
acts as the subject or object of a sentence. It is also referred to as an ‘adjectival phrase’.

 The five young Japanese students have shifted here for the exchange programme.
 I really loved your new pink georgette saree.

What Is a Clause? – Meaning and Types

A clause is also a part of a sentence that consists of a subject and a verb, unlike phrases. They
can be divided into two main types depending on how they behave in a sentence. The
different types of clauses are:

 Main Clause or Independent Clause

 Subordinate Clause or Dependent Clause

Difference between Phrases and Clauses

Take a look at the table given below to find out how phrases and clauses differ from each
other.

Phrases Clauses

 A phrase does not have a subject and  A clause has a subject and a predicate
predicate.

 A phrase is not complete, cannot make  In some cases, a clause can look
sense or convey meaning if it stands on its complete, convey meaning and make
own. sense when separated from the
sentence.

 There are five types of phrases namely  There are two types of clauses namely
noun phrase, verb phrase, adverb phrase, independent clause and dependent
adjective phrase and prepositional phrase. clause.
  Example: There is an unidentified  Example: I am sick, so I am going to
vehicle in front of our house. see the doctor.

Examples of Phrases and Clauses

To understand how phrases and clauses can be used, take a look at the following sentences.

 Anu and Teena (noun phrase)

 Have been searching (verb phrase)
 Beside the trees (prepositional phrase)
 Extremely well (adverb phrase)
 The house on 6th street (noun phrase)
 As soon as I reach the office (dependent or subordinate clause)
 I did not bring my umbrella. (independent clause)
 When the little boy saw his mom (dependent or subordinate clause)
 Collect your parcel from the courier office. (independent clause)
 Though we left home early (dependent or subordinate clause)

PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing means ‘to state something written or spoken in different words, especially in a
shorter and simpler form to make the meaning clearer’

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN QUOTING, PARAPHRASING &

SUMMARISING ?

 Quoting means using someone else’s exact words and putting them in quotation
marks..
 Paraphrasing means expressing someone else’s ideas in your own voice, while
keeping the same essential meaning.
 Summarising means taking a long passage of text from someone else and condensing
the main ideas in your own words.

JUMBLED SENTENCE

Jumbled sentences are some confounded sentences or words that must be assembled
in a legitimate arrangement to bode well out of a section or sentence.
Tips To Solve Jumbled Sentence Questions
There are some ways which you can use to know How to Solve Jumbled Sentences
Quickly.
The steps are mentioned below:
Step 1: Identify the Sentence Construction
Inspecting the theme and the construction of a sentence gives you an overview of the
jumbled sentences and can help you identify the nouns, pronouns, subjects and all other
parts of sentences.
Step 2: Read all the options thoroughly
Inspecting all the options is vital. While the first and second one looks obvious it might
so happen that the construction might be completely different as given in the last
option. So go through all the options, place the sentences accordingly and see which
one sounds the perfect.
Step 3: Look for the Opening Sentence
Finding out the opening sentence is the foundation of any sentence construction. Once
you have the first sentence figured out, all other sentences fall into place by connecting
the first and the last words of each sentence.
Step 4: Connect the sentences and find a link
Rightfully placing a connection between sentences with the use of proper nouns,
articles, adverbs, adjective and all other parts of sentences will always click the right
answer for you.
Step 5: Concentrate on the Pronouns
Knowing your pronouns well will always help you to establish a link between the
subject and the nouns. Pronouns are never used in the first sentence. However, they
can be a part of the second sentence onwards
Step 6: Look for the concluding sentence
Concluding sentences are one which generally summarizes the concept or theme and
give an analysis of the same. Once you have the opening and concluding sentences with
you, it becomes easy to place the other sentences in between. A concluding sentence
normally has words like – therefore, however, nevertheless, hence, thus etc.
Question 1.
What is a jumbled sentence?
Answer:
Jumbled sentences are some confounded sentences or words that must be assembled
in a legitimate arrangement to bode well out of a section or sentence.
Question 2.
How to rearrange jumbled sentences?
Answer:
 Track down the Opening Sentence
 Track down the Closing Sentence
 Discover the connection between sentences
 Utilization of Signpost Words
 Thing – Pronoun Relationship
 Tracking down the focal topic of the sentence
Question 3.
What are jumbled words? Give examples.
Answer:
The letters of a word are misplaced, then the word becomes a jumbled word.
Examples are:
nhew- When
Hewre- Where
gmea- Game
ortsp- Sport
oodg- Good
gge- Egg
How To Solve Jumbled Sentence Questions Quickly
Follow the steps mentioned below to answer the jumbled sentence quickly.
 Identify the sentence construction
 Read all the options thoroughly
 Look for the opening sentence
 Connect the sentences and find a link
 Concentrate on the pronouns
 Look for the concluding sentence

Tips To Solve Jumbled Sentence Questions

There are some ways which you can use to know How to Solve Jumbled Sentences
Quickly.
The steps are mentioned below:
Step 1: Identify the Sentence Construction
Inspecting the theme and the construction of a sentence gives you an overview of the
jumbled sentences and can help you identify the nouns, pronouns, subjects and all other
parts of sentences.
Step 2: Read all the options thoroughly
Inspecting all the options is vital. While the first and second one lo oks obvious it might
so happen that the construction might be completely different as given in the last
option. So go through all the options, place the sentences accordingly and see which
one sounds the perfect.
Step 3: Look for the Opening Sentence
Finding out the opening sentence is the foundation of any sentence construction. Once
you have the first sentence figured out, all other sentences fall into place by connecting
the first and the last words of each sentence.
Step 4: Connect the sentences and find a link
Rightfully placing a connection between sentences with the use of proper nouns,
articles, adverbs, adjective and all other parts of sentences will always click the right
answer for you.
Step 5: Concentrate on the Pronouns
Knowing your pronouns well will always help you to establish a link between the
subject and the nouns. Pronouns are never used in the first sentence. However, they
can be a part of the second sentence onwards
Step 6: Look for the concluding sentence
Concluding sentences are one which generally summarizes the concept or theme and
give an analysis of the same. Once you have the opening and concluding sentences with
you, it becomes easy to place the other sentences in between. A concluding sentence
normally has words like – therefore, however, nevertheless, hence, thus etc.
Example
i. The dissolved cellulose is formed into thread by a technical process.
ii. This fiber, in fact a reconstituted natural fiber.
iii. After that, they are dried on a heated roller.
iv. The cellulose is obtained from shredded wood pulp.
v. Finally, they are wound on to a bobbin.
vi. It is made by dissolving cellulose in a solution of sodium hydroxide.
vii. The threads are drawn from the setting bath of dilute sulphuric acid. Then, they are
wound on reel and washed.
viii. Rayon is a man-made fiber.

Answer: 6-8-1-5-3-7-2-4