SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep Guide
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Michael Smith
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Published By: The Math Notion
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Copyright © 2021 by the Math Notion. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section
107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Ac, without permission of the author.
All inquiries should be addressed to the Math Notion.
ISBN: 978-1-63620-206-8
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
The Math Notion
Michael Smith has been a math instructor for over a decade now. He launched the Math Notion.
Since 2006, we have devoted our time to both teaching and developing exceptional math learning
materials. As a test prep company, we have worked with thousands of students. We have used the
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
How to Achieve a Perfect Score on the SSAT Upper-Level Math Test?
The math preparation book covers all mathematics topics that will be the key to succeeding on the
SSAT math test. The step-by-step guide and hundreds of examples in this book can help you hone
your math skills, boost your confidence, and be well prepared for the SSAT Upper-Level test. This
new SSAT self-teaching book offers extensive preparation and brush-up in math for those test-
takers who plan to take the SSAT Upper-Level Test.
Updated the new SSAT prep for 2021, 2022, and beyond by top test prep experts. Inside the SSAT
Upper-Level math prep book, You'll Find:
• Comprehensive SSAT math review of the key concepts.
• Content 100% aligned with the latest SSAT Upper-Level math exam.
• Over 2,000 practice questions to help you master each math topic.
• Focus on the most challenging part of the SSAT Upper math test!
• Two full-length practice exams (featuring new question types) with detailed answers
After completing the SSAT math prep book, you will discover your strengths and weaknesses,
gain confidence and a strong foundation to succeed on the SSAT test. We have helped hundreds
of thousands of people pass the SSAT Upper-Level and achieve their education and career goals.
Get math prep for the SSAT Upper-Level review that you need to ace your exam.
It is an excellent investment in your future!
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Contents
Chapter 1 : Whole Numbers, Real Numbers, and Integers ................................... 11
Rounding .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Estimates ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Whole Number Addition and Subtraction .......................................................................................... 17
Whole Number Multiplication............................................................................................................ 19
Whole Number Division .................................................................................................................... 21
Adding and Subtracting Integers ....................................................................................................... 23
Multiplying and Dividing Integers...................................................................................................... 25
Arrange, Order, and Comparing Integers ........................................................................................... 27
Compare Integer ............................................................................................................................... 29
Order of Operations .......................................................................................................................... 31
Integers and Absolute Value ............................................................................................................. 33
Chapter 2 : Fractions and Decimals ................................................................... 35
Simplifying Fractions ........................................................................................................................ 37
Factoring Numbers ........................................................................................................................... 39
Greatest Common Factor (GCF) ........................................................................................................ 41
Least Common Multiple (LCM) .......................................................................................................... 43
Divisibility Rules ............................................................................................................................... 45
Adding and Subtracting Fractions ..................................................................................................... 47
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions ................................................................................................... 49
Adding Mixed Numbers ..................................................................................................................... 51
Subtracting Mixed Numbers ............................................................................................................. 53
Multiplying Mixed Numbers .............................................................................................................. 55
Dividing Mixed Numbers ................................................................................................................... 57
Comparing Decimals ......................................................................................................................... 59
Rounding Decimals ........................................................................................................................... 61
Adding and Subtracting Decimals ..................................................................................................... 63
Multiplying Decimals ........................................................................................................................ 65
Dividing Decimals ............................................................................................................................. 67
Converting Between Fractions, Decimals and Mixed Numbers ........................................................... 69
Chapter 3 : Proportion, Ratio, Percent .............................................................. 71
Writing Ratios ................................................................................................................................... 73
Simplifying Ratios ............................................................................................................................. 75
Create a Proportion ........................................................................................................................... 77
Similar Figures ................................................................................................................................. 79
Ratio and Rates Word Problems ........................................................................................................ 81
Percentage Calculations .................................................................................................................... 83
Percent Problems .............................................................................................................................. 85
Markup, Discount, and Tax .............................................................................................................. 87
Simple Interest ................................................................................................................................. 89
Converting Between Percent, Fractions, and Decimals ...................................................................... 91
Chapter 4 : Exponents and Radicals .................................................................. 93
Multiplication Property of Exponents ................................................................................................ 95
Division Property of Exponents ......................................................................................................... 97
Powers of Products and Quotients ..................................................................................................... 99
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Zero and Negative Exponents .......................................................................................................... 101
Negative Exponents and Negative Bases .......................................................................................... 103
Writing Scientific Notation .............................................................................................................. 105
Square Roots .................................................................................................................................. 107
Chapter 5 : Algebraic Expressions ................................................................... 109
Translate Phrases into an Algebraic Statement................................................................................ 111
The Distributive Property ................................................................................................................ 113
Evaluating One Variable ................................................................................................................. 115
Evaluating Two Variables ................................................................................................................ 117
Expressions and Variables .............................................................................................................. 119
Combining like Terms ..................................................................................................................... 121
Expressions .................................................................................................................................... 121
Simplifying Polynomial Expressions ................................................................................................ 123
Chapter 6 : Equations and Inequalities ............................................................ 125
One–Step Equations ....................................................................................................................... 127
Two–Step Equations ....................................................................................................................... 129
Multi–Step Equations...................................................................................................................... 131
Graphing Single–Variable Inequalities ............................................................................................. 133
One–Step Inequalities ..................................................................................................................... 135
Two–Step Inequalities ..................................................................................................................... 137
Multi–Step Inequalities ................................................................................................................... 139
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution ................................................................................. 141
Solving Systems of Equations by Elimination .................................................................................. 143
Systems of Equations Word Problems ............................................................................................. 145
Linear Equations ............................................................................................................................ 147
Graphing Lines of Equations ........................................................................................................... 149
Graphing Linear Inequalities ........................................................................................................... 151
Finding Distance of Two Points ....................................................................................................... 153
Chapter 7 : Polynomials .................................................................................. 155
Classifying Polynomials................................................................................................................... 157
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials ............................................................................................... 159
Multiply and Divide Monomials ....................................................................................................... 161
Multiplying Monomials.................................................................................................................... 163
Multiply a Polynomial and a Monomial ............................................................................................ 165
Multiply Binomials.......................................................................................................................... 167
Factor Trinomials ........................................................................................................................... 169
Operations with Polynomials ........................................................................................................... 171
Simplifying Polynomials .................................................................................................................. 173
Chapter 8 : Functions ..................................................................................... 175
Relations and Functions ................................................................................................................. 177
Rate of change ................................................................................................................................ 179
Slope .............................................................................................................................................. 181
x and y intercept ............................................................................................................................. 183
Writing Linear Equations ................................................................................................................ 185
Slope-intercept form ....................................................................................................................... 187
Point-slope form ............................................................................................................................. 189
Equation of Parallel or Perpendicular lines ...................................................................................... 191
Equation of Horizontal and Vertical Lines ....................................................................................... 193
Function Notation ........................................................................................................................... 195
Adding and Subtracting Functions .................................................................................................. 197
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Multiplying and Dividing Functions ................................................................................................ 199
Composition of Functions ............................................................................................................... 201
Solve a Quadratic Equation ............................................................................................................ 203
Chapter 9 : Geometry ...................................................................................... 205
The Pythagorean Theorem............................................................................................................... 207
Angles ............................................................................................................................................ 209
Area of Triangles ............................................................................................................................. 211
Area of Trapezoids .......................................................................................................................... 213
Area and Perimeter of Polygons ....................................................................................................... 215
Area and Circumference of Circles .................................................................................................. 217
Volume of Cubes............................................................................................................................. 219
Volume of Rectangle Prisms ............................................................................................................ 221
Surface Area of Cubes..................................................................................................................... 223
Surface Area of a Rectangle Prism ................................................................................................... 225
Volume of a Cylinder....................................................................................................................... 227
Surface Area of a Cylinder............................................................................................................... 229
Chapter 10 : Statistics .................................................................................... 231
Mean and Median ........................................................................................................................... 233
Mode and Range ............................................................................................................................. 235
Times Series ................................................................................................................................... 237
Box and Whisker Plot...................................................................................................................... 239
Bar Graph ...................................................................................................................................... 241
Dot plots......................................................................................................................................... 243
Scatter Plots ................................................................................................................................... 245
Stem–And–Leaf Plot ........................................................................................................................ 247
The Pie Graph or Circle Graph ........................................................................................................ 249
Probability of Simple Events............................................................................................................ 251
Chapter 11 : SSAT Upper-Level Math Practice Tests ........................................ 253
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test Answer Sheets ............................................................................... 255
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 1.................................................................................................... 257
Quantitative 1 ............................................................................................................. 257
Quantitative 2 ............................................................................................................. 265
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 2.................................................................................................... 275
Quantitative 1 ............................................................................................................. 275
Quantitative 2 ............................................................................................................. 283
Chapter 12 : Answers and Explanations ........................................................... 291
Answer Key ..................................................................................................................................... 291
Score Your Test .............................................................................................................................. 293
Practice Tests 1: Quantitative 1....................................................................................................... 295
Practice Tests 1: Quantitative 2....................................................................................................... 299
Practice Tests 2: Quantitative 1....................................................................................................... 303
Practice Tests 2: Quantitative 2....................................................................................................... 306
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 1 : Whole Numbers, Real Numbers,
and Integers
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Rounding and Estimates
➢ Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division Whole Number and
Integers
➢ Arrange and ordering Integers and Numbers
➢ Comparing Integers, Order of Operations
➢ Mixed Integer Computations
➢ Integers and Absolute Value
“If people do not believe that mathematics is simple, it is only because they do not realize how
complicated life is.” ― John von Neumann
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Rounding
Rounding is replacing a number up or down to the closest number or the closest
hundred, etc.
✓ First, you have to know the place value you'll round to.
✓ Second, you have to find the digit to the right of the place value you're
rounding to. If it is 5 or greater, add 1 to the place value you're rounding
to and put zero for all digits on its right side. If the digit to the right of
the place value is smaller than 5 then keep the place value and put zero for
all digits to the right.
Example:
64
60 64 60 70
Practices:
Round each number to the underlined place value.
1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6)
7) 8)
9) 10)
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Estimates
Estimating is a math policy used for approximating a number. To estimate means
to make an irregular guess or calculation. To round means to make easier a
known number by scaling it a little bit up or down.
✓ To estimate a math problem, round the numbers.
✓ For 2-digit numbers, you can usually round to the nearest tens, for 3-
digit numbers, round to nearest hundreds, etc.
✓ Find the answer.
Example:
𝟏𝟓𝟑 + 𝟒𝟐𝟔 =
153 200 426
400
200 + 400 = 600
Practices:
Estimate the sum by rounding each added to the nearest ten.
1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6)
7) 8)
9) 10)
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
40 200
260 90
150 400
1,300 800
11,000 3,000
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Whole Number Addition and Subtraction
✓ Arrange the numbers in line.
✓ Start with the unit place. (Ones place)
✓ Regroup if needed.
✓ Add or subtract the tens place.
✓ Continue with further digits.
Example:
𝟐𝟖𝟓 + 𝟏𝟒𝟓 =?
285
+ 145
→ 5 + 5 = 10
1
285
+ 145
0 1 0
11
285
+ 145
1 + 8 + 4 = 13 3 1 30
11
285
+ 145
→1+2+1 =4→ 430
𝟗𝟕𝟔 − 𝟒𝟓𝟑 = ?
976 976
− 453 − 453
→ 6−3=3 3
976
− 453
7−5= 2 →9−4=5
23
976
− 453
523
Practices:
Find the missing number.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Solve.
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Whole Number Multiplication
✓ First you have to learn the times tables! To solve multiplication problems
quick, you need to learn the times table. For example, 3 times 8 is 24 or 8
times 7 is 56.
✓ For multiplication, line up the numbers that you are multiplying.
✓ Start with the ones place and regroup if needed.
✓ Continue with further digits.
Example:
𝟓𝟎𝟎 × 𝟑𝟎 = ?
500 500
× 30 × 30
→ 0 × 500 = 0 0
500
× 30
→ 3 × 500 = 1,500
15,000
Practices:
Multiply the Number.
120 × 6 = ________ 160 × 30 = ________
600 × 30 = ________ 420 × 20 = ________
250 × 40 = ________ 600 × 40 = ________
215 × 70 = ________ 540 × 11 = ________
121 × 10 = ________ 254 × 16 = ________
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
720 4,800
18,000 8,400
10,000 24,000
15,050 5,940
1,210 4,064
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Whole Number Division
✓ Division: A typical division problem: Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient
✓ In division, we want to find how many times a divisor is contained in a
dividend. The result we obtain in a division problem is called quotient.
✓ First, the problem is written in division format. (Dividend is inside;
divisor is outside)
Example:
𝟐𝟑𝟒 ÷ 𝟒 = ?
Practices:
Divide the Number.
450 ÷ 5 = ________ 320 ÷ 8 = ________
125 ÷ 25 = ________ 720 ÷ 12 = ________
588 ÷ 14 = ________ 299 ÷ 13 = ________
869 ÷ 11 = ________ 801 ÷ 9 = ________
493 ÷ 17 = ________ 600 ÷ 24 = ________
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
90 40
5 60
42 23
79 89
29 25
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding and Subtracting Integers
✓ Integers include zero, positive natural numbers, and the negative of the
natural numbers. {… , – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
✓ Add a positive integer by putting it to the right on the number line.
✓ Add a negative integer by putting it to the left on the number line.
✓ Subtract an integer by adding its opposite.
Example:
(−𝟖) − (−𝟓) =
(−8) + 5 = −3
𝟏𝟎 + (𝟒 − 𝟖) =
4 − 8 = −4
10 + (−4) = → 10 − 4 = 6
Practices:
Find the sum and difference.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiplying and Dividing Integers
✓ (positive) × (positive) = positive
✓ (positive) ÷ (positive) = positive
÷
× + -
✓ (negative) × (negative) = positive
✓ (negative) ÷ (negative) = positive + + -
✓ (negative) × (positive) = negative
- - +
✓ (negative) ÷ (positive) = negative
✓ (positive) × (negative) = negative
✓ (positive) ÷ (negative) = negative
Example:
(+𝟓) × (+ 𝟑) = 𝟓 + 𝟓 + 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓
Practices:
Find each product and each quotient.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Arrange, Order, and Comparing Integers
✓ When we use a number line, numbers are increased when you go to the
right.
✓ To compare numbers, you can use number line! As you go from left to right
on the number line, you will find a greater number!
✓ Order integers from smallest to greatest.
Example:
(−11, −13, 7, −2, 12)
−13 < −11 < −2 < 7 < 12
Practices:
Order each set of integers from Order each set of integers from
least to greatest. greatest to least
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Compare Integer
✓ If you want to compare numbers, you can use a number line! As you move
from left to right on the number line, you will find a greater number!
Example:
−5 ____ −1
< >
−5 < −1 −5 −1
Practices:
Compare. Use >, =, <
−22 −11
−31 – 41 – 12
−64 64 −142 −148
68 100 (−15) × 6 5 × (−18)
−(−16) −405
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
> <
> <
< >
< =
= >
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Order of Operations
When you find more than one math operation, use PEMDAS:
✓ Parentheses
✓ Exponents
✓ Multiplication and Division (from left to right)
✓ Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)
Example:
(𝟏𝟏 × 𝟓) − (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓) =
(11 × 5) − (12 − 25) = (55) − (−13) =
55 + 13 = 68
Practices:
Evaluate each expression.
15
24 – (8 × 6) 5 × 6 − (11 −(– 4)
12 – (6 × (−3)) (6 × 7) + (– 7)
(−1)+4 30
(−1)+(−2)
) × (– 9) 2 (9 −(−1)) − 10
58 − (6 × 9) 13 + (4 × 2)
((– 3) + 15) ÷ (– 3) [(– 8 ÷ 2) ÷ (2 – 4))
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Integers and Absolute Value
✓ To find a definite value of a number, simply find its distance from 0 on
number line! For example, the distance of 13 and −13 from zero on
number line is 13!
Example:
|−𝟏𝟖 |
× |𝟓 − 𝟖| =
𝟗
| − 18| → −18 18 |−18| = 18
18
× |5 − 8| =
9
|5 − 8| → |5 − 8| = |−3| −3 3 |−3| = 3
18
×3=2×3 =6
9
Practices:
Write absolute value of each number.
Evaluate.
|−12| |3| |−5 − 14| |2|
|−11| |−9| |91| |−18|
|−7×5| |−16 ×3|
| − 10 + 4| × × |−12|
7 2
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 2 : Fractions and Decimals
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Simplifying Fractions
➢ Adding and Subtracting Fractions, Mixed Numbers and Decimals
➢ Multiplying and Dividing Fractions, Mixed Numbers and Decimals
➢ Comparing and Rounding Decimals
➢ Converting Between Fractions, Decimals and Mixed Numbers
➢ Factoring Numbers, Greatest Common Factor, and Least Common
Multiple
➢ Divisibility Rules
“A Man is like a fraction whose numerator is what he is and whose denominator is what he
thinks of himself. The larger the denominator, the smaller the fraction.” –Tolstoy
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Simplifying Fractions
✓ Regularly divide both the top and bottom of the fraction by 2, 3, 5, 7, . .. etc.
✓ Continue until you can't go any further.
Example:
𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟎
12
12 20
20
12 12÷4 3
4 = =
20 20÷4 5
Practices:
Simplify the fractions.
44 12
64 26
15 30
25 45
18 62
27 124
12 55
66 70
54 68
60 136
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
11 6
16 13
3 2
5 3
2 1
12
3
2 11
4 11 1 14
9 1
10
72
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Factoring Numbers
✓ To break the numbers into their prime factors is called factoring.
✓ First few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
Example:
12 2
6 2
3 3
1
2
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 12 = 2 × 3
Practices:
List all positive factors of each List the prime factorization for
number. each number.
1) 90 2) 40
3) 49 4) 105
5) 50 6) 42
7) 34 8) 78
9) 96 10) 165
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, 90 2 ×2× 2 × 5
1, 7, 49 3× 5×7
1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 2 × 3 × 7
1, 2 , 17, 34 2 × 3 × 13
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 96 3 × 5 × 11
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
✓ List the prime factors of each number.
✓ Then multiply common prime factors.
✓ If there are no common prime factors, then our GCF is 1.
Example:
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓
10 {1, 2, 5, 10}
15 {1, 3, 5, 15}
5
5
Practices:
Find the GCF for each number pair.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 12
12 15
9 21
3 25
3 4
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
✓ The smallest multiple that 2 or more numbers have in common is called
least common multiple of that number. How to find LCM:
✓ First find the list of the prime factors of each number.
✓ Then multiply the common prime factors and uncommon prime factors of
the numbers (each common prime factor is used only for once)
Example:
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟐
Practices:
Find the LCM for each number pair.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
36 40
30 420
120 156
28
96 792
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Divisibility Rules
If a number can be divided by other numbers, it is referred as divisibility. The
number is divisible:
✓ by 2 if the number is found even.
✓ by 3 if the sum of the digits is found to be divisible by 3.
✓ by 9 if the sum of the digits is found to be divisible by 9.
✓ by 4, if the last 2 digits of a number are found to be divisible by 4.
✓ by 6, if it is found to be divisible by 2 and 3.
✓ by 8, if it is found to be divisible by 2 and 4.
✓ by 5 if the last digit is found 0 or 5.
✓ by 10 if the last digit is 0.
Example:
2+4+0=6 6÷3= 2
÷ 4 = 10
Practices:
Use the divisibility rules to find the factors of each number.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
✓ Find equivalent fractions with the equivalent divisor before you can add or
subtract fractions with totally different divisors.
✓ Adding and Subtracting with the equivalent divisors:
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎−𝑐
+ = , − =
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
✓ Adding and Subtracting fractions with different divisors:
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑐𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑− 𝑐𝑏
+ = , − =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
Example:
𝟐 𝟏
− 𝟐 =?
𝟑
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑− 𝑐𝑏
−𝑑 =
𝑏 𝑏𝑑
2 1 (2)(2) − (1)(3) 4−3 1
−2= = =6
3 3×2 6
Practices:
Add fractions. Subtract fractions.
1 2 1 1
4 3 2 5
1 1 1 1
3 2 7 9
1 5 3 1
4 7 5 15
6 3 1 1
7 21 3 4
5 1 6 5
13 2 5 6
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
11 3
12 10
5 2
6 63
27 8
28 15
1
12
23 11
26 30
[Link]
48
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ………………………………………………….……
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions
✓ How to multiply fractions: multiply the top numbers and multiply the
bottom numbers.
✓ How to change fractions: Keep, Change, Flip
✓ Keep the first fraction then change division sign into multiplication sign
and flip the numerator and denominator of the second fraction. Then,
solve it
Example:
𝟓 𝟑
×𝟒 =
𝟔
5 3 5×3 15 15 15÷3 5
× 4 = 6×4 = 24 = 24÷3 = 8
6 24
𝟏 𝟐
÷𝟑=
𝟒
1 3 1×3 3
× 2 = 4×2 = 8
4
Practices:
Multiplying fractions. Then simplify. Dividing fractions.
3 5 4
5 9 9
5 7 32 8
21 10 25 5
3 29 2 8
29 3 7 35
8 12 3
11 25 5
7 12 2
9 28 3
[Link]
49
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 1
3 9
1 4
6 5
1
1 14
4
5
1 1
3
10 2
[Link]
50
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding Mixed Numbers
Use these steps for both adding and subtracting mixed numbers.
✓ Add whole number of the mixed numbers.
✓ Add the fractions of every mixed number.
✓ Find the Least Common Divisor (LCD) if needed.
✓ Add whole numbers and fractions.
✓ Write your answer in simplest form.
Example:
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒 + 𝟐 𝟖 =?
3 3
1+4+2+8
3 3
1+2=3 +8
4
6 3 9 1 1 1
+ 8 = 8 = 18 3 + 1 + 8 = 48
8
Practices:
Add.
1 1 1 2
17 + 23 12 + 33
2 1 1
1 5 + 2 10 7 + 22
1 2 2 1
43 + 23 23 + 14
3 1 1
24 + 3 9 +19
8
5 3 1 3
4 12 + 2 4 3 7 + 2 14
[Link]
51
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
10 1
3 21 56
1 1
32 92
11
7 3 12
7 1
5 10 9
8
1 5
76 5 14
[Link]
52
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Subtracting Mixed Numbers
Use these steps for both adding and subtracting mixed numbers.
✓ From whole number of the first mixed number, subtract the whole number
of second mixed number.
✓ From first fraction subtract the second.
✓ Find the Least Common Divisor (LCD) if needed.
✓ Add the result of whole numbers and fractions.
✓ Write your answer in simplest terms.
Example:
𝟐 𝟏
𝟓 𝟑 − 𝟐 𝟒 =?
2 1
5 + 3–2 − 4
2 1 8−3 5
5−2 =3 −4= = 12
3 12
5 5
3 + 12 = 3 12
Practices:
Subtract.
2 1 2 2
5 7 – 2 14 45 − 3
3 1 2 1
3 7 − 1 14 75– 53
1 4 5 3
42 − 28 11 12 – 8 4
5 7 2 1
7 12 − 5 12 5 9 − 2 18
2 1 4 2
35 − 25 39−1 9
[Link]
53
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
3 11
3 14 3 15
5 1
2 14 2 15
2
2 23
5 1
16 36
1 2
15 29
[Link]
54
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiplying Mixed Numbers
✓ Convert the mixed numbers into improper fractions. (Improper fraction is
a fraction in which the numerator is greater than denominator)
✓ Multiply fractions and write in simplest form if needed.
𝑐 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐
𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 +𝑏 = 𝑏
Example:
𝟑 𝟏
𝟒 𝟓 × 𝟐 𝟑 =?
23 7
×3
5
23×7 161 11
= = 10 15
5×3 15
Practices:
Find each product.
1 1 2 2
23 × 15 ×
2 3
4 2 1 2
23 × 26 22 × 14
1 2 1 3
32 × 13 17 × 1 4
1 6 1 2
1 4 × 25 32 ×4 5
2 1 7 4
15 × 23 5 12 × 2 9
[Link]
55
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 14
16 15
7 3
79 34
5
56 2
2
4 15 5
4 35
3 15 13 54
[Link]
56
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Dividing Mixed Numbers
✓ Change the mixed numbers into improper fractions.
✓ Divide fractions and write in simplest form if needed.
𝑐 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐
𝑎 =𝑎+ =
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
Example:
𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 ÷ 𝟏 𝟓 =?
5 6
÷5
2
5 5 5×5 25 1
× 6 = 2×6 = 12 = 2 12
2
Practices:
Find each quotient.
3 3 3 3
25 ÷ 18 ÷ 24
2
4 2 2 1
17 ÷ 23 13 ÷ 2 3
2 2 1
0 ÷ 45 25 ÷ 12
2 1 2 3
13 ÷ 25 3 7 ÷ 45
1 4 1
1 4 ÷ 25 2 ÷ 33
[Link]
57
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
49 6
1 55 11
33 5
56 7
3
0 15
25 5
33 7
25 3
56 5
[Link]
58
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Comparing Decimals
Decimal is a fraction written in a unique form. For example, instead of writing
𝟏
you can write as 𝟎. 𝟓.
𝟐
For comparison of decimals:
✓ Compare every digit of two decimals in the same place value.
✓ Start from left. Compare ones, tens, hundreds, tenths, hundredths, etc.
✓ To compare numbers, use these symbols:
- Equal to =, Less than <, Greater than >
- Greater than or equal ≥, Less than or equal ≤
Example:
𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
0.20 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 0.02 0.20
0.02 0.20 > 0.02
Practices:
Write the correct comparison symbol (>, < or =).
0.025 ____ 0.25 0.9 ____ 0.888
4.510 ____ 4.150 10.01 ____ 10.10
0.987 ____ 0.991 18.004 ____ 18.040
0.020 ____ 0.20 0.071___ _0.700
0.08____0.009 0.690 ____ 0.609
[Link]
59
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
< >
> <
< <
< <
> >
[Link]
60
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Rounding Decimals
✓ To round a decimal, you must find the place value you'll round to.
✓ Then, find the digit to the right of the place value you're rounding to.
- If it is 5 or greater, add 1 to the place value you're rounding to and
remove all digits on its right side.
- If the digit to the right of the place value is smaller than 5, keep the
place value and remove all digits on the right.
Example:
𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟕
7
5 1
3 →3+1= 4 2.184
Practices:
Round each decimal number to the nearest place indicated.
6.08 12.267
9.301 10.071
55.89 59.15
329.018 92.410
1.499 25.621
[Link]
61
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
6.1 12.3
9.3 10.07
56 59
330 92.4
1.5 26
[Link]
62
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
✓ Arrange the numbers in line.
✓ Add zeros to have same number of digits for both the numbers.
✓ Add or subtract by using column subtraction or addition.
Example:
𝟐. 𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 =
2.5
+ 1.24
→
_______
2.50 2.50
+ 1.24 + 1.24
0 +4=4
_______ 4
2.50 2.50
+ 1.24
5+2=7 2+1 = 3 + 3.74
1.24
.74
𝟒.𝟔𝟕
− 𝟐.𝟏𝟓
𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 − 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 = _______
4.67
− 2.15
7−5= 2 6−1=5
2
4.67 4.67
− 2.15 − 2.15
4−2=2
.52 2.52
Practices:
Add and subtract decimals.
87.15 90.43
− 32.35 + 44.09
_______ _______
58.56 65.23
+ 12.10 − 56.48
_______ _______
98.125 162.05
+ 58.54 − 83.65
_______ _______
Solve.
7) ____ + 5.0 = 9.08 8) 7.06 + ____ = 24.6
9) 21.9 − ____ = 6.9 10) 32.12 − ____ = 12.07
[Link]
63
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
54.8 134.52
70.66 8.75
156.665 78.4
4.08 17.54
15 20.05
[Link]
64
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiplying Decimals
✓ Arrange and multiply the numbers as you do with whole numbers.
✓ Then count the total number of decimal places in every factor.
✓ Place the decimal point in the product.
Example:
𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 =
50 50
× 20 ×20
→ 0 × 50 = 0 →
0
50
×20
2 × 50 = 100 1,000
4
0.50
× 0.20
→ 0.50 × 0.20 = 0.1
0.1000
Practices:
Find each product.
1.5 5.3
× 0.16 × 1.9
_______ _______
0.06 3.19
× 2.5 × 21.5
_______ _______
9.3 3.01
× 11.5 × 2.1
_______ _______
5.0 23.8
× 1.4 × 10
_______ _______
21.5 8.21
× 0.001 × 3.1
_______ _______
[Link]
65
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
66
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Dividing Decimals
✓ If the divisor is not a whole number, transfer decimal point to right to
make it a whole number. Do the same step for dividend.
✓ Divide same to whole numbers.
Example:
𝟏. 𝟐𝟎 ÷ 𝟎. 𝟐 =
12 ÷ 2 = 6
Practices:
Find each quotient.
25.7 ÷ 0.5 67.2 ÷ 4
61.75 ÷1.9 18.0 ÷ 1.2
12.4 ÷ 10 2.2 ÷ 100
1.88 ÷ 100 55.1 ÷ 100
0.1 ÷ 100 0.25 ÷ 10
[Link]
67
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
68
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Converting Between Fractions, Decimals and Mixed
Numbers
How to convert fraction into Decimal:
✓ Divide the numerator by denominator.
How to convert decimal into Fraction:
✓ Write decimal over 1.
✓ Multiply both numerator value and denominator value by 10 for each digit
on the right side of the decimal point.
✓ Make it to simplest form.
Example:
𝟓
=?
𝟖
5.000
8
Practices:
Convert decimal into fraction or
Convert fractions to decimals.
mixed numbers
4
10
3.6
3
8
0.07
4
12
0.15
5
16
2.7
60
100
2.5
[Link]
69
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
3
0.4 35
7
0.375 100
3
0.333 20
7
0.3125 2
10
1
0.6 2 2
[Link]
70
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 3 : Proportion, Ratio, Percent
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Writing and Simplifying Ratios
➢ Create a Proportion
➢ Similar Figures
➢ Simple Interest
➢ Ratio and Rates Word Problems
➢ Percentage Calculations
➢ Converting Between Percent, Fractions, and Decimals
➢ Percent Problems
➢ Markup, Discount, and Tax
“Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater.” –
Albert Einstein
[Link]
71
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
[Link]
72
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Writing Ratios
✓ A ratio is a comparison of two numbers, and it can be written as a division.
Example:
𝟑: 𝟓 =?
3 5
3 5 8 ⇒3÷8= 5÷8=8
8
3 5
3: 5 = 8 8
Practices:
Express each ratio as a rate and Express each ratio as a fraction in
unite rate. the simplest form
[Link]
73
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
80 dollars 1
4 books 3
125 miles 1
25 gallons 3
147 miles 7
7 hours 25
12" of snow 1
24 hours 4
14 dimes 1 3
112 dimes 8 5
[Link]
74
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Simplifying Ratios
✓ Ratios are used to compare two numbers.
✓ Ratios can be written as a fraction, using colon or the word “to”.
✓ You can calculate identical ratios by multiplying or dividing both sides of
the ratio by the same number.
Example:
𝟖: 𝟒 =
8 4 4 ⇒8÷4=2 4÷4= 1
8: 4 = 2: 1
Practices:
Reduce each ratio.
[Link]
75
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
76
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Create a Proportion
✓ A proportion carries two equal fractions! A proportion means equality of
two fractions.
✓ If you want to create a proportion, simply find (or create) two equal
fractions.
Example:
𝟑 𝟐𝟒
𝟓 𝟒𝟓
3 24
= 45 → 3 × 45 = 5 × 24 → 135 = 120
5
Practices:
Create proportion from the given set of numbers.
[Link]
77
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
78
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Similar Figures
✓ Two or more figures are equivalent if their corresponding angles are equal,
and the corresponding sides are in proportion.
Example:
Practices:
Each pair of figures is similar. Find the missing side.
2𝑥
[Link]
79
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
6𝑥
𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 2
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
80
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Ratio and Rates Word Problems
✓ To solve a rate word problem or a ratio, create a proportion and then use
cross multiplication method.
Example:
𝟑𝟐 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐭 𝟏𝟐 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐭 𝟔 𝐟𝐞𝐞𝐭
32 6
= 𝑥 → 32𝑥 = 6 × 12 = 72
12
72
32𝑥 = 72 → 𝑥 = = 2.25
32
Practices:
Solve.
[Link]
81
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
63
=7
9
[Link]
82
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Percentage Calculations
✓ Percent is called the ratio of a number and 100. It always possesses the
same denominator, 100. The symbol used for percent is %.
✓ Percent is another method to write decimals or fractions. For example:
40 2
40% = 0.40 = =
100 5
✓ Use the given formula to find part, whole, or percent:
percent
part = × whole
100
Example:
𝟏𝟎% 𝟒𝟓
percent
part = × whole
100
10 1 45
part = × 45 → part = × 45 → part = → part = 4.5
100 10 10
Practices:
Calculate the percentages.
Solve.
[Link]
83
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
33.75 33
52.2 22
5 48
10% 13%
20% 25%
[Link]
84
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Percent Problems
✓ In each percent question, we are finding the base, or part or the percent.
✓ Use the following equations to find each missing portion.
• Base = Part ÷ Percent
• Part = Percent × Base
• Percent = Part ÷ Base
Example:
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡 ÷ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 → 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 20 ÷ 0.05 = 400
Practices:
Solve each problem.
[Link]
85
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
86
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Markup, Discount, and Tax
✓ Markup = selling price – cost
✓ Markup rate = markup is divided by the cost
✓ Discount = Multiply the rate of discount by regular price.
✓ Tax: To find tax, multiply the taxable amount (income, property value,
etc.) to the tax rate.
✓ To find tip, multiply selling price to the rate.
Example:
𝟏𝟎% $𝟐𝟎
10 100 × 20
10% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 20 × 𝑥 = 20 𝑥 = = 200
100 10
Practices:
Find the selling price of each item.
[Link]
87
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
88
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Simple Interest
✓ Simple Interest: The charge for borrowing money or the return for
lending it.
To solve a simple interest problem, use this formula:
✓ Interest = principal x rate x time ⇒𝑰 = 𝒑 × 𝒓 × 𝒕
Example:
$𝟓, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟒% 𝟑
𝐼 = 𝑝𝑟𝑡
4
𝑃 = $5,200 r = 4% = 100 = 0.04 𝑡=3
𝐼 = 5,200 × 0.04 × 3 = $624
Practices:
Use simple interest to find the ending balance.
[Link]
89
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
90
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Converting Between Percent, Fractions, and Decimals
✓ To a percent: We move the decimal point 2 places to the right and add the
percentage (%) symbol.
✓ Divide by 100 to change a number from percent to decimal.
Example:
𝟑𝟎% = 0.30
𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 = 24%
Practices:
Converting fractions to decimals. Write each decimal as a percent.
23
10
2
20
7
100
20
50
3
60
[Link]
91
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
92
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 4 : Exponents and Radicals
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Multiplication Property of Exponents
➢ Division Property of Exponents
➢ Powers of Products and Quotients
➢ Zero, Negative Exponents and Bases
“Mathematics is no more computation than typing is literature.” – John Allen Paulos
[Link]
93
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
[Link]
94
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiplication Property of Exponents
✓ Exponents are shorthand for recurrent multiplication of the identical
number by itself. For example, instead of writing 2 × 2, we can write 22 .
For 3 × 3 × 3 × 3, we can write 34
✓ In algebra, a variable is a letter used as a replacement for a number. The
most common letters are: 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛.
✓ Exponent’s rules: (𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎×𝑏 , (𝑥𝑦)𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑦 𝑎 ,
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 , 𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑦 𝑎 = (𝑥𝑦)𝑎 ,
Example:
−𝟐𝐱 𝟓 × 𝟕𝐱 𝟑 =
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 → 𝑥 5 × 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 5+3 = 𝑥 8
−2𝑥 5 × 7𝑥 3 = −14𝑥 8
Practices:
Simplify.
43 × 42 2 × 22 × 23
24 × 2 8𝑥 2 × 𝑥
15𝑥 7 × 𝑥 3𝑥 × 𝑥 3
2𝑥 5 × 5𝑥 4 5𝑥 2 × 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2
6𝑦 5 × 8𝑥𝑦 2 5𝑥𝑦 3 × 4𝑥 3 𝑦 2
[Link]
95
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
45 26
25 8𝑥 3
15𝑥 8 3𝑥 4
10𝑥 9 15𝑥4𝑦2
48𝑥𝑦 7 20𝑥 4 𝑦 5
[Link]
96
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Division Property of Exponents
𝑎 𝑎𝑐
✓ For division of exponents, we can use these formulas: ( )𝑐 = ,𝑏≠0
𝑏 𝑏𝑐
𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑎 𝑥
= 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 = ( )𝑎 , 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑥𝑏 𝑦𝑎 𝑦
𝑥𝑎 1 1
= 𝑥 𝑏−𝑎 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, = 𝑥 −𝑏
𝑥𝑏 𝑥𝑏
Example:
𝟒𝐱 𝟑 𝐲
=
𝟑𝟔𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 𝟑
4𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑥3𝑦
4 → 36𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 9𝑥 2 𝑦 3
𝑥𝑎 𝑥3
= 𝑥 a–b → 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 3–2
𝑥𝑏
4𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥
= 9𝑦 3 → 𝑦 → 9𝑦 3 = 9𝑦 2
36𝑥 2 𝑦 3
Practices:
Simplify.
43 51
4 5114
52 34
53 154
𝑥 42x2
𝑥7 6𝑥 2
3𝑥 −3 81𝑥 5
12x−1 9𝑥 3
3𝑥 4 21x
4𝑥 5 3𝑥 2
[Link]
97
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1
42 5113
1 1 1
(5)4 = 54
5
1
𝑥6
7
1
4𝑥 2
9𝑥 2
3 7
4𝑥 𝑥
[Link]
98
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Powers of Products and Quotients
✓ For any number except zero, 𝑎 and 𝑏 and any integer 𝑥, (𝑎𝑏)𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 × b𝑥 .
Example:
(𝟑𝒙𝟓 𝒚𝟒 )𝟐 =
(𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎×𝑏
(3𝑥 5 𝑦 4 )2 = (3)2 (𝑥 5 )2 (𝑦 4 )2 = 9𝑥 5×2 𝑦 4×2 = 9𝑥10 𝑦 8
Practices:
Simplify.
(5𝑥 3 )2 (𝑥𝑦)2
(𝑎𝑥 2 )3 (2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧)2
(4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )2 (5𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )2
(2𝑥𝑦 2 )3 (2𝑥 3 𝑦)4
(7𝑥 4 𝑦 8 )2 (10𝑥)3
[Link]
99
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
25𝑥 6 𝑥 2 y2
𝑎3 𝑥 6 4𝑥 6 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
16𝑥 4 𝑦 6 25𝑥 4 𝑦 6
8𝑥 3 y 6 8𝑥12 y 4
49𝑥 8 y16 1,000𝑥 3
[Link]
100
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Zero and Negative Exponents
✓ A negative exponent just means that the base is on the wrong side of the
fraction line, so you need to flip the base to the other side. For example,
"𝒙−𝟐 " (pronounced as "ecks to the minus two") just means "𝒙𝟐 ” but below,
𝟏
as in 𝒙𝟐
Example:
4
(9)−2 =
1 4 1 1
= 𝑥 −𝑏 → (9)−2 = 4 = 42
𝑥𝑏 ( )2
9 92
1 𝑐 1 92 81
𝑏 =𝑏 → 42
= 42 = 16
𝑐 92
Practices:
Evaluate the following expressions.
4−2 5−2
6−2 3−4
10−1 33−1
6−1 3−2
9−2 4−1
[Link]
101
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 1
16 25
1 1
36 81
1 1
10 33
1 1
6 9
1 1
81 4
[Link]
102
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Negative Exponents and Negative Bases
✓ First make the power positive. A negative exponent can be written as
reciprocal of that number with a positive exponent.
✓ The parenthesis is significant!
✓ 𝟓−𝟑 is not the same as (– 𝟓)−𝟑
1 1
(– 5)−3 = − 3 and (5)−3 = + 3
5 5
Example:
𝟓𝐱
(− 𝟑𝐲𝐳)−𝟑 =
1 5𝑥 1 1
= 𝑥 −𝑏 → (− 3𝑦𝑧)−3 = 5𝑥 3 = 53 𝑥3
𝑥𝑏 (− ) − 3 3 3
3𝑦𝑧 3 𝑦 𝑧
1 𝑐 1 33 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 27𝑦 3 𝑧 3
𝑏 =𝑏 → 53 𝑥3
=− =−
53 𝑥 3 125𝑥 3
𝑐 33 𝑦3 𝑧3
Practices:
Simplify.
7−1 −2𝑥 −2
𝑥 a−2
x−5
− b−1
7 2𝑏
x−5 −5c−2
2n−1 8b−4
12p−2 3c−2
1
89𝑥𝑦 −2 (3)−2
[Link]
103
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 2
− 𝑥2
7
b1
𝑥5 − a2
𝑏c2
7𝑥 5 −2 5
p2 8c2
6n 3b4
89x
y2
9
[Link]
104
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Writing Scientific Notation
✓ It is used to write very big or very small values in decimal representation.
✓ In scientific notation all numbers can be written in the form of:
𝑚 × 10𝑛 , where 1 ≤ 𝒎 ≤ 10 and n is any integer.
Decimal notation Scientific notation
5 5 × 100
– 25,000 – 2.5 × 104
0.5 5 × 10−1
2,122.456 2.122456 × 103
Example:
𝟖. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
10−5 →
8.3 × 10−5 = 0.000083
Practices:
Write each number in scientific notation.
25 × 105
[Link]
105
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1.2 × 107 2.5 × 106
1.5 × 10−3 5.4 × 104
5.021 × 10−4 6.66012 × 105
7.6 × 10−7 1.029 × 108
4.1 × 109 3.6 × 106
[Link]
106
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Square Roots
✓ A square root of 𝑥 is a number 𝑝 whose square is: 𝒑𝟐 = 𝒙
𝑝 is a square root of 𝒙.
Example:
√𝟐𝟐𝟓
225 = 152 √225 = √152
𝑛
√𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎
√152 = 15
Practices:
Find the value each square root.
√25 √1,600
√100 √121
√4 √225
√10,000 √16
√64 √36
[Link]
107
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
5 40
10 11
2 15
100 4
8 6
[Link]
108
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 5 : Algebraic Expressions
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Expressions and Variables
➢ Simplifying Variable and Polynomial Expressions
➢ Translate Phrases into an Algebraic Statement
➢ The Distributive Property
➢ Evaluating One and two Variable
➢ Combining like Terms
“Without mathematics, there’s nothing you can do. Everything around you are mathematics.
Everything around you are numbers.” – Shakuntala Devi
[Link]
109
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
[Link]
110
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Translate Phrases into an Algebraic Statement
How to translate key words and phrases into algebraic expressions:
✓ Addition: the sum of, more than, plus, etc.
✓ Subtraction: less than, decreased, minus, etc.
✓ Multiplication: times, multiplied, product, etc.
✓ Division: quotient, ratio, divided, etc.
Example:
𝟓 𝒙
8 𝑥 8+𝑥 5 × (8 + 𝑥)
Practices:
Write an algebraic expression for each phrase.
Fifteen subtracted from a number.
The quotient of seventeen and a number.
A number increased by fifty.
A number divided by – 21.
The difference between sixty –three and a number.
Threefold a number decreased by 45.
Seven times the sum of a number and – 21.
The quotient of 90 and the product of a number and – 8.
Nine subtracted from 4 times a number.
The difference of six and a number.
[Link]
111
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
17
𝑥 − 15 𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 + 50 − 21
63 − 𝑥 3𝑥 − 45
90
7(𝑥 + (– 21)) − 8𝑥
4𝑥 – 9 6−𝑥
[Link]
112
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
The Distributive Property
✓ Distributive Property:
𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐
Example:
(𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑)(– 𝟓) =
𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐
(5𝑥 − 3)(– 5) = −25𝑥 + 15
Practices:
Use the distributive property to simply each expression.
4(9 − 3𝑥) −(−8 − 4𝑥)
(−5𝑥 − 1) (−2) (−3)(2𝑥 − 4)
4(5 + 3𝑥) (−9𝑥 + 10)3
(−4 − 5𝑥)(−3) (−2𝑥)(−3 + 2𝑥) − 3𝑥(1 − 5𝑥)
(−2)(3𝑥 − 1) + 4(3𝑥 + 2) (−15)(2𝑥 + 3)
[Link]
113
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
−12𝑥 + 36 4𝑥 + 8
10𝑥 + 2 −6𝑥 + 12
12𝑥 + 20 −27𝑥 + 30
15𝑥 + 12 11𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
6𝑥 + 10 −30𝑥– 45
[Link]
114
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Evaluating One Variable
✓ To solve a variable expression, find the variable and substitute a number
for that variable.
✓ Perform the mathematical operations.
Example:
𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 , 𝒙 = −𝟏
−1 𝑥
12 − 2𝑥 = 12 − 2(−1) = 12 + 2 = 14
Practices:
Simplify each algebraic expression.
5𝑥 + 4, 𝑥 = 1 𝑥 + (– 4), 𝑥 = – 6
36
−10𝑥 + 8, 𝑥 = −2 (− 𝑥 ) − 10 + 2𝑥, 𝑥 = 6
36 𝑥
− 3, 𝑥 = 3 (−10) − + 4𝑥, 𝑥 = −8
𝑥 4
𝑥
15 + 6𝑥– 3, 𝑥 = −1 (– 5) + , 𝑥 = 64
8
24 4x
(− 𝑥 ) − 10 + 5𝑥 , 𝑥 = 4 (−4) + , x = 81
9
[Link]
115
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
9 −10
28 −4
9 −40
6 3
4 32
[Link]
116
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Evaluating Two Variables
To solve an algebraic expression, substitute a number for each variable and
perform the mathematical operations.
Example:
−𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 , 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒚 = −𝟏
2 𝑥 −1 𝑦
−3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −3(2) + 5(−1) = −6 − 5 = −11
Practices:
Simplify each algebraic expression.
5𝑎 − (5 − 𝑏), 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 6 + 3𝑦,
𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1
27
(− 𝑥 ) + 4 + 3𝑦, (−4)(−3𝑎 − 5𝑏),
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 5 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 4
7𝑥 + 10 − 5𝑦, 18 + 3(−𝑥 − 4𝑦),
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 6 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 5
12𝑥 + 2𝑦, 𝑥 × 6 ÷ 3𝑦,
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 10 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 1
14
4𝑥 − 3𝑦, (− 𝑥 ) + 4𝑦,
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = −3
[Link]
117
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
– 48
−14
[Link]
118
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Expressions and Variables
✓ In algebra, a variable is a letter used as a replacement for a number. The
most common letters are: 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛.
✓ An algebraic expression is an expression that has variables, integers, and
math operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.
✓ In an expression, we can combine “identical” terms. (Values with same
power and variable)
Example:
(𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑) =?
(10𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3) = 12𝑥 + 3
Practices:
Simplify each expression.
10(−3 − 8𝑥), 𝑥 = 4 −3(5 − 8𝑥) − 6𝑥, 𝑥 = 1
2𝑥 − 8𝑥, 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 12𝑥, 𝑥 = 6
20 − 5𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 = 3 15(5𝑥 + 3), 𝑥 = 0
20(4 − 𝑥) − 9, 𝑥 = 2 20𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 10, 𝑥 = 5
6𝑥 + 9𝑦, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 2 6𝑥 − 2𝑥, 𝑥 = 8
[Link]
119
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
120
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Combining like Terms
Expressions
✓ We separate the terms by “+” and “–” signs.
✓ Identical terms are those terms with same powers and same variables.
Make sure to use the “+” or “–” that is in front of the coefficient
Example:
(−𝟓)(𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔) =
𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑐
(−5)(8𝑥 − 6) = −40𝑥 + 30
Practices:
Simplify each expression.
−8(−5𝑥 + 1) 6(−2 + 4𝑥)
−8 − 14𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 3 9𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 15 + 18
(−9)(12𝑥 − 21) + 31 2(4𝑥 + 9) + 12𝑥
4(−2𝑥 − 17) + 14(3𝑥 + 1) (9𝑥 − 5𝑦)7 + 25𝑦
4.5𝑥 3 × (−8𝑥) −19 − 15𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 2
[Link]
121
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
40𝑥 − 8 24𝑥 − 12
2𝑥 − 5 2𝑥 + 3
220 − 108𝑥 20𝑥 + 18
34𝑥 − 54 63𝑥 − 10𝑦
−36𝑥 4 −3𝑥 2 − 19
[Link]
122
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Simplifying Polynomial Expressions
✓ A polynomial is a unique expression that consists of coefficients and
variables that performs only the arithmetic of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and non–negative integer exponents of variables.
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑎n 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎n−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0
Example:
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 =
−5𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 3 = −17𝑥 3
4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 = 4𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 4
4𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 4 = 15𝑥 4 − 17𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2
Practices:
Simplify each polynomial.
(2𝑥 2 + 4) − (9 + 5𝑥 2 ) (25𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 ) − (6𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 3 )
14𝑥 5 − 15𝑥 6 + 2𝑥 5 − 16𝑥 6 + 𝑥 6 (15 + 12𝑥 3 ) + (3𝑥 3 + 5)
13𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 4 + 12𝑥 3 + 20𝑥 4 −6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 3 + 16 − 32
15𝑥 3 + 12 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10𝑥 24𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 3 − 4𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥)
(21𝑥 4 − 10𝑥) − (2𝑥 − 𝑥 4 ) (7𝑥 2 − 9) + (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 3 )
[Link]
123
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
−3𝑥 2 − 5 34𝑥 3 – 18𝑥 2
– 30𝑥 6 + 16𝑥 5 15𝑥 3 + 20
5𝑥 4 + 25𝑥 3 17𝑥 3 + 9 𝑥 2 – 16
15𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 – 15𝑥 + 12 – 24𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2
22𝑥 4 – 12𝑥 – 8𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 – 9
[Link]
124
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 6 : Equations and Inequalities
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ One, Two, and Multi – Step Equations
➢ Graphing Single– Variable Inequalities
➢ One, Two, and Multi – Step Inequalities
➢ Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution and Elimination
➢ Finding Slope and Writing Linear Equations
➢ Graphing Lines Using Slope– Intercept and Standard Form
➢ Graphing Linear Inequalities
➢ Finding Midpoint and Distance of Two Points
“The study of mathematics, like the Nile, begins in minuteness but ends in magnificence.” –
Charles Caleb Colton
[Link]
125
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
[Link]
126
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
One–Step Equations
✓ The values of two algebraic expressions on both sides of an equation are
always equal.
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐
✓ You only require performing one Math operation to solve the problem.
Example:
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 = ?
24 𝑥 + 24 − 24 = 0 − 24
𝑥 + 24 − 24 = 0 − 24 → 𝑥 = −24
Practices:
Solve each equation.
𝑥 + 4 = 16 48 = (– 2) + 𝑥
5𝑥 = (– 105) (– 8) = (8𝑥)
(– 2) = 14 + 𝑥 5+𝑥 =6
2𝑥 + 3 = (– 7) 28 = 𝑥 + 7
(– 15) + 𝑥 = (– 15) 12𝑥 = (– 36)
[Link]
127
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
−21 −1
−16
−5
−3
[Link]
128
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Two–Step Equations
✓ You only require performing two math operations (add, subtract, multiply,
or divide) to solve the equation.
✓ Simplify the equation using the inverse of addition or subtraction.
✓ Simplify the equation further by using the inverse of division or
multiplication.
Example:
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝒙 =?
𝑥
3𝑥 = 15 → 3𝑥 ÷ 3 = 15 ÷ 3 → 𝑥 = 5
Practices:
Solve each equation.
4(2 + 2𝑥) = 8 (– 5)(𝑥 – 3) = 25
(– 5)(2𝑥– 5) = (– 15) 4(9 + 3 𝑥) = −12
6(2𝑥 + 1) = 30 2 (𝑥 + 2) = 42
2(12 + 6𝑥) = 60 (– 10)(5𝑥) = 100
x−5
4(3𝑥 + 3) = 24 =4
3
[Link]
129
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
0 –2
4 –4
2 10
3 −2
1 17
[Link]
130
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multi–Step Equations
✓ Combine “identical” terms on one side.
✓ Put variables to one side by adding or subtracting.
✓ Simplify the equation by using the inverse of addition or subtraction.
✓ Simplify further by using the inverse of division or multiplication.
Example:
−(𝟐 − 𝒙) = 𝟓
−(2 − 𝑥) = −2 + 𝑥
−2 + 𝑥 = 5 → −2 + 𝑥 + 2 = 5 + 2
−2 + 𝑥 + 2 = 5 + 2 → 𝑥 = 7
Practices:
Solve each equation.
8– 2𝑥 = 28 – 10 = – (𝑥 + 7)
2𝑥 − 17 = (– 𝑥) + 1 – 2𝑥 = (– 3𝑥)– 8
5(14 + 2𝑥) + 3𝑥 = −𝑥 𝑥– 11 = 𝑥– 5 + 2𝑥
15 + 2𝑥 = (– 25) – 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 – 3(𝑥 – 3𝑥) = 40 – 4𝑥
24 + 8𝑥 + 𝑥 = (– 𝑥 + 4) – 8(1 + 5𝑥) = 152
[Link]
131
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
−10 3
6 −8
−5 −3
−40 4
−2 −4
[Link]
132
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Graphing Single–Variable Inequalities
✓ Inequality is like equations and uses symbols for "less than" (<) and "greater
than" (>).
✓ To solve inequalities, we need to separate the variable. (Like in equations)
✓ Find the value of the inequality on the number line to graph an inequality.
✓ For greater than or less than draw open circle on the value of the variable.
✓ Use filled circle if there is an equal sign too.
✓ Draw a line to the left or to the right for less or greater than.
Example:
𝒙>𝟐
Practices:
Draw a graph for each inequality.
2≥𝑥 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥<3
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5≥𝑥
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥 ≥ −2 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥>0 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[Link]
133
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
−1.5 < 𝑥
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥 ≥ −1
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
2≥𝑥
𝑥<3
5≥𝑥
𝑥 ≥ −2
𝑥>0
−1.5 < 𝑥
𝑥 ≥ −1
[Link]
134
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
One–Step Inequalities
✓ Like equations, first separate the variable by using inverse operation.
✓ For dividing or multiplying both sides by negative numbers, flip the
direction of the inequality sign.
Example:
𝒙−𝟏≤𝟐
1 𝑥−1≤ 2→𝑥−1+1 ≤2+1 𝑥≤3
Practices:
Solve each inequality and graph it.
2𝑥 + 3 ≥ 7 9 10
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝑥<3 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5≥𝑥 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥 ≥ −2 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥>0 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−1.5 < 𝑥
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑥 ≥ −1 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
[Link]
135
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
2≥𝑥
𝑥<3
5≥𝑥
𝑥 ≥ −2
𝑥>0
−1.5 < 𝑥
𝑥 ≥ −1
[Link]
136
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Two–Step Inequalities
✓ Separate the variable.
✓ Flip the direction of the inequality sign for dividing both sides by
negatives numbers.
✓ We can simplify by using the inverse of addition or subtraction.
✓ We can simplify further by using the inverse of division or multiplication.
Example:
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 ≥ 𝟏𝟏
−9 2𝑥 + 9 − 9 ≥ 11 − 9 → 2𝑥 ≥ 2
2𝑥 ≥ 2 → 𝑥 ≥ 1
Practices:
Solve each inequality and graph it.
𝑥– 4 ≤ 4 𝑥+ 4 ≥ 5
3𝑥 – 2 ≤ 7 5𝑥 + 2 < 12
𝑥+ 7≥ 9 3𝑥 – 3 ≤ 3
7𝑥 – 4 < 3 8 + 𝑥 ≤ 13
2𝑥 + 7 ≤ 11 10𝑥 – 16 < 4
[Link]
137
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑥≤8 𝑥≥1
𝑥≤3 𝑥<2
𝑥≥2 𝑥≤2
𝑥<1 𝑥≤5
𝑥≤2 𝑥<2
[Link]
138
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multi–Step Inequalities
✓ Separate the variable.
✓ We can simplify by using the inverse of addition or subtraction.
✓ We can simplify further by using the inverse of division or multiplication.
Example:
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐 ≤ 𝟔
2 2𝑥 − 2 + 2 ≤ 6 + 2 → 2𝑥 ≤ 8
2𝑥 ≤ 8 → 𝑥 ≤ 4
Practices:
Solve each inequality.
3𝑥 + 1
– (𝑥 + 3) + 8 < 25 ≤5
2
𝑥−4
>7 4(𝑥– 2) ≤ 8
3
𝑥 1 𝑥+4
+3<2 >3
3 5
𝑥 3
+4<1 2(𝑥 + 5) + 4 > 10
8
𝑥+2
24 + 5𝑥 < 4 > 10
3
[Link]
139
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑥 >– 20 𝑥 ≤3
𝑥 > 25 𝑥≤ 4
𝑥< 5 𝑥 > 11
𝑥< 2 𝑥 > –2
𝑥 <–4 𝑥 > 28
[Link]
140
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution
✓ Let the system of equations. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1; – 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
Put 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 in the second equation.
−2(1 − 𝑦) + 𝑦 = 4 → −2 + 2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2
Put 𝑦 = 2 in 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦; then 𝑥 = 1 − 2 = −1 ; (−1,2)
Example:
: – 𝟐𝒙 – 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟏𝟑 – 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎
−4𝑥 + 2𝑦
−2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + (−4𝑥 + 2𝑦) = −13 + 10
−2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −3 → −6𝑥 = −3 →
𝑥 = 0.5 𝑥
−2(0.5) − 2𝑦 = 𝑦=6
Practices:
Solve each system of equation by substitution.
−𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −4 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −6
𝑥 −3𝑦 = 8 −2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 8
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −5 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5
5𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 5 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3
3𝑥 = 6 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
10𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −6
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 4𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −2 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 = −2
7𝑦 = 14𝑥 5𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −24 3𝑥 − 12 𝑦 = −5
[Link]
141
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
9
(14, 2) (– 2 , 1)
3 1 9
(– 2, – 2) ( 2 , 2)
(2, 1) (2, – 2)
1
(1, – 1) (– 1, 4)
1 1
(3, 6) (– 3 , 3)
[Link]
142
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Solving Systems of Equations by Elimination
✓ A system of equations has two equations and two variables. For example,
look at the system of equations: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
✓ The simplest way to solve a system of equation is using the elimination
method. The elimination method uses the addition property of equality. On
each side of an equation, you can add the same value.
Example:
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟐𝟎
𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 {
−𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −20
⇒
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
3
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −20 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −20
⇒ ⇒ 2𝑦 = 10 ⇒ 𝑦 = 5 𝑦
3(−𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10) −3𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 30)
𝑥 3𝑥 − 4(5) = −20 → 3𝑥 − 20 = −20 → 𝑥 = 0
Practices:
Solve each system of equation by elimination.
−5𝑥 + 𝑦 = – 5 – 6𝑥 – 2𝑦 = −2
– 𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 6 2𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 8
5𝑥 – 4𝑦 = 8 10𝑥 – 4𝑦 = – 24
– 6𝑥 + 𝑦 = −21 – 𝑥 – 20𝑦 = – 18
25𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −13 𝑥 – 8𝑦 = – 7
12𝑥 – 6𝑦 = – 36 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10
– 6𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 4 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −10
5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = −20
𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −8 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −3
3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = −2 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = −1
[Link]
143
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
(1, 0) (1, – 2)
(4, 3) (– 2 ,1)
(– 1, 4) (1, 1)
(2, 1) (−5,0)
1
(– 3, 1) (– 2, 2)
[Link]
144
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Systems of Equations Word Problems
✓ Define your variables, write the system of equations then use elimination
method for solving systems of equations.
Example:
$𝟓 $𝟖 𝟐𝟎
$𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟎
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 20
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
{
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 115
−5 −5(𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20) =
−5𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −100
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 + (−5𝑥 − 5𝑦) = 115 − 100 → 3𝑥 = 15 → 𝑥 = 5 → 5 + 𝑦 = 20 → 𝑦 = 15
Practices:
Solve.
[Link]
145
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
$5 $3
18 $82.00
$154.00
$168.00
10
36
195 19
5 25
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
14
$32 8
[Link]
146
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Linear Equations
✓ The equation of a line: 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
✓ Find the slope.
✓ Find the y–intercept. This can be done by substituting the slope and the
coordinates of a point (𝒙, 𝒚) on the line.
Example:
(𝟐, – 𝟐) 𝟕
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑚
𝑏 𝑦
−2 = (2)(7) + 𝑏
𝑏 = – 2 − 14 = −16 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 16.
Practices:
Write the slope–intercept form of
Find the slope of the line through
the equation of the line through
each pair of points.
the given points.
(3, 1), (2, 4) (2,3), (4,2)
(−3, 4), (−1, 6) (8, −3), (6,7)
(4, 4), (6, −6) (0.5, 4), (2.5,4.4)
(−1, 8), (5, −4) (4, −2), (2.5, 1)
(12, −3), (7, −3) (−1,0.7), (−2.3, 2)
[Link]
147
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1
−3 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 37
1 39
𝑦 = 5 𝑥 + 10
𝑦 = −2 𝑥 + 6
𝑦 = −𝑥 − 0.3
[Link]
148
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Graphing Lines of Equations
✓ The equation of the line is: 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄
If slope-intercept form of a line given the slope 𝑚 and the y-intercept (the
intersection of the line and y-axis)
Example:
𝐲 = 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑
𝑦 −3 𝑥
x 𝑦
x = 0 → y = 8(0) − 3 = −3
3
y = 0 → 0 = 8x − 3 → x = 8
3
0 −3 0
8
Practices:
Sketch the graph of each line.
𝑦 = 3𝑥– 2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
[Link]
149
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
−2𝑥 = 𝑦 +
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
150
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Graphing Linear Inequalities
✓ First step is to graph the "equals" line.
✓ Choose a testing point. (It can be any point on both sides of the line.)
✓ Put the value of (𝑥, 𝑦) of that point in the inequality. If this satisfy the
inequality, then this part of line is solution. If it does not satisfy then
other part of line, is solution.
Example:
𝒚 < 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
y −3
(0, 0)
(0,0) → 𝑦 < 2𝑥 − 3 → 0 < 2(0) − 3 → 0 < −3
0 −3
Practices:
Sketch the graph of each linear inequality.
2𝑦 + 8𝑥 ≥ 4 −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4
[Link]
151
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
1
2𝑥 + 2 𝑦 < 2 1
−3𝑥+𝑦 <2
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
152
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Finding Distance of Two Points
✓ Distance of wo points A (𝑥1 , 𝑦1) and B (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ): 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2
✓ The midpoint is middle of a line segment.
✓ We can find Midpoint of two endpoints A (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and B (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) using this
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
formula: M ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
Example:
(𝟎, 𝟖), (−𝟒, 𝟓)
𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2
(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (0, 8) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (−4, 5) 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 →
𝑑 = √(0 − (−4))2 + (8 − 5)2 = √(4)2 + (3)2 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5 → 𝑑 = 5
Practices:
Find the midpoint of the line Find the distance between each
segment with the given endpoints. pair of points.
(1.5, −1), (0.5, −1) (3, 4), (2, −1)
(1.5, −1), (0.5, −1) (6, −1), (2,3)
(0, 3), (4, −9) (2, 5), (−2, 5)
(5, 2), (1, 5) (0, −4), (−5, 1)
(−2, 0), (3, −4) (3, −2), (−1, −5)
[Link]
153
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
(1, – 1)
(1.5, −2)
(2, −3)
(3, 3.5)
(0.5, −2)
[Link]
154
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 7 : Polynomials
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Classifying Polynomials
➢ Writing Polynomials in Standard Form
➢ Simplifying Polynomials
➢ Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
➢ Multiplying and Dividing Monomials
➢ Multiplying a Polynomial and a Monomial
➢ Multiplying Binomials
➢ Factoring Trinomials
➢ Operations with Polynomials
“Mathematics – the unshaken Foundation of Sciences, and the plentiful Fountain of Advantage
to human affairs.” — Isaac Barrow
[Link]
155
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
[Link]
156
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Classifying Polynomials
Name Degree Example
constant 0 4
linear 1 2𝑥
quadratic 2 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
cubic 3 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8
quartic 4 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 6
quantic 5 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 10
Example:
17𝑥 5 ⇒
Practices:
Name each polynomial by degree Write each polynomial in standard
and number of terms. form
−5 12𝑥 4 + 𝑥 – 4𝑥 3
𝑥+1 12 – 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 5 + 9𝑥 4
8𝑥 6 − 7 𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥
3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 + 2)
−8𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 (𝑥 − 5) (𝑥 + 5)
[Link]
157
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
12𝑥 4 – 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥
−3𝑥 5 + 9𝑥 4 – 𝑥 3 + 12
13𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
2𝑥 6 + 𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3
𝑥 2 − 25
[Link]
158
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
✓ To add polynomials, we combine like terms with some order of operations
considerations thrown in.
✓ You have to be careful with a negative sign and don’t confuse it with addition
and subtraction.
Example:
(𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔) + (𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 ) =
(2𝑥 3 − 6) + (9𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 6 + 9𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2
2𝑥 3 − 6 + 9𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 = 11𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 6
Practices:
Simplify each expression.
(𝑥 3 + 6) − (6 + 3𝑥 3 ) (𝑥 2 + 8) + (7𝑥 2 − 8)
(2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 ) − (5𝑥 2 + 1) (6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) + (3𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 + 1)
(𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 ) − (4𝑥 3 + 4) (2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 ) – (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + 2)
(4𝑥 2 − 3) + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ) (𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 4 ) – (13𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 )
(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 3 ) + (4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 4 ) (3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 6 ) + (3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 6 )
[Link]
159
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1) −2𝑥 3 2) 8𝑥 2
3) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 4) −𝑥 + 1
5) −6𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 4 6) 3𝑥 3 − 2
7) −𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 3 8) −2𝑥 3
9) 2𝑥 5 + 7𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 10) −4𝑥 6 + 6𝑥 3
[Link]
160
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiply and Divide Monomials
✓ When dividing monomials, we divide coefficients first and then divide
their variables.
✓ If we have exponents with the same base, we’ll subtract their powers.
✓ Exponent’s rules:
𝑥𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 , = 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏
𝑥𝑏
1
= 𝑥 −𝑏 , (𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎×𝑏
𝑥𝑏
(𝑥𝑦)𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑦 𝑎
Example:
(−𝟑𝒙𝟕 )(𝟒𝒙𝟑 ) =
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 → 𝑥 7 × 𝑥 3 = 𝑥10 ; (−3𝑥 7 )(4𝑥 3 ) = −12𝑥10
𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟓
=
𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟒
𝑥𝑎 𝑥2 𝑦5 18𝑥 2 𝑦 5
= 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑥 2−1 = 𝑥 = 𝑦 5−4 = 𝑦 = 9𝑥𝑦
𝑥𝑏 𝑥 𝑦4 2𝑥𝑦 4
Practices:
Simplify.
100𝑥 5 𝑦 6
(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ) (42𝑦 4
25𝑥 6 𝑦 11
75𝑥 16 𝑦 10
(8𝑥 4 ) (12𝑥 5 )
5𝑥 6 𝑦 7
15𝑥 12 𝑦 5
(−2𝑥 −3 𝑦 2 )2
5𝑥 9 𝑦 2
50𝑥 4 𝑦 7
(11𝑥 2 𝑦 4 ) (4𝑥 9 𝑦 10 )
25𝑥 3 𝑦 7
−21𝑥 8 𝑦 13
(2𝑥 −3 𝑦 4 )2
3𝑥 6 𝑦 6
[Link]
161
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
42𝑥 3 𝑦 6 4𝑥 −1 𝑦 −5
96𝑥 9 15𝑥10 𝑦 3
4𝑥 −6 𝑦 4 3𝑥 3 𝑦 3
44𝑥11 𝑦14 2𝑥
4𝑥 −6 𝑦 8 – 7𝑥 2 𝑦 7
[Link]
162
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiplying Monomials
✓ A polynomial having only one term is called monomial, like 𝟐𝒙 or 𝟕𝒚
Example:
𝟓𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟑 × 𝟐𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟐 =
𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎4 × 𝑎3 = 𝑎4+3 = 𝑎7 𝑏 3 × 𝑏 2 = 𝑏 3+2 = 𝑏 5
5𝑎4 𝑏 3 × 2𝑎3 𝑏 2 = 10𝑎7 𝑏 5
Practices:
Simplify each expression.
2𝑥𝑦 2 × 3𝑧 2 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 × 5𝑥 2 𝑦
4𝑝𝑞 3 × (– 3𝑝3 𝑞) 𝑠 3 𝑡 2 × 2𝑠𝑡 5
5𝑝3 × (– 2𝑝2 ) – 2𝑝2 𝑟 × 6𝑝𝑟 3
(– 𝑎)(– 4𝑎6 𝑏) 2𝑢2 𝑣 3 × (– 8𝑢3 𝑣 3 )
6𝑢3 × (2𝑢) – 5𝑦 2 × 4𝑥 2 𝑦
[Link]
163
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 2 15𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧
−12𝑝4 𝑞 4 2𝑠 4 𝑡10
−10𝑝5 −12𝑝3 𝑟 4
4𝑎7 𝑏 −16𝑢5 𝑣 6
12𝑢4 −20𝑥 2 𝑦 3
[Link]
164
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Multiply a Polynomial and a Monomial
✓ Use the product rule for exponents to multiply monomials.
✓ Use distributive property to multiply a monomial by a polynomial.
𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 × 𝑏 + 𝑎 × 𝑐
Example:
−𝟒𝒙(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟗) =
−4𝑥(5𝑥 + 9) = −20𝑥 2 − 36𝑥
Practices:
Find each product.
3(2𝑥 − 2𝑦) 5𝑥(4𝑥 − 𝑦)
−2𝑥(𝑥 + 5) 11(3𝑥 + 7)
10𝑥(5𝑥 − 2𝑦) 4(3𝑥 − 5𝑦)
2𝑥(3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 4) −4𝑥 (2 + 4𝑥𝑦)
3(2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 3) −3𝑥 2 (3𝑥 2 + 5)
[Link]
165
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
6𝑥 − 6𝑦 20𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑦
−2𝑥 2 − 10 33𝑥 + 77
50𝑥 2 − 20𝑥𝑦 50𝑥 2 − 20𝑥𝑦
6𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 −16𝑥 2 𝑦 − 8𝑥
6𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 9 −9𝑥 4 − 15𝑥 2
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Multiply Binomials
✓ Use “FOIL”. (First–Out–In–Last)
(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏
Example:
(𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 − 𝟐) =
(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10
Practices:
Multiply.
(2𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 3) (4𝑥 + 2) (2𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 2 + 5) (𝑥 2 − 5)
(2𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 + 4) (2𝑥 − 6) (𝑥 + 7)
(𝑥 − 2) (3𝑥 − 4) (2𝑥 − 5) (𝑥 + 4)
(𝑥 + 10) (𝑥 − 10) (𝑥 − 3) (3𝑥 + 4)
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Answer Key
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 – 6 8𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 𝑥 4 – 25
2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 12 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 – 42
3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20
𝑥 2 – 100 3𝑥 2 – 5𝑥 – 12
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Factor Trinomials
✓ FOIL”:
(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏
✓ “Difference of Squares”:
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
✓ “Reverse FOIL”:
𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)
Example:
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟖 =
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) + (−4𝑥 − 8)
𝑥 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) −4 −4𝑥 − 8 −4(𝑥 + 2)
= 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 4(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥+2
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4)
Practices:
Factor each trinomial.
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 27 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 24
𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 30 𝑥 2 − 81
2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 14 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 56
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Answer Key
(𝑥 – 3) (𝑥 – 9) (𝑥 + 8) (𝑥 − 3)
(𝑥 + 10) (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 9) (𝑥 – 9)
(𝑥 + 7) (2𝑥 – 2) (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 4)
(2𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 – 2) (𝑥 + 2)
(3𝑥 – 1) (3𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 7) (𝑥 + 8)
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Operations with Polynomials
✓ Use distributive property to multiply a monomial by a polynomial.
𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 × 𝑏 + 𝑎 × c
Example:
𝟓(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔) =
5(2𝑥 − 6) = 5 × 2𝑥 − 5 × (−6) = 10𝑥 − 30
Practices:
Find each product.
𝑥 2 (3𝑥 − 2) 2𝑥 2 (5𝑥 − 3)
−𝑥(5𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 2 (−3𝑥 + 9)
5(7𝑥 + 3) 8(3𝑥 + 8)
5(10𝑥 + 4) −3𝑥 5 (𝑥 − 3)
5 (3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2) 4 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)
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Answer Key
3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 10𝑥 3 – 6𝑥 2
– 5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 – 3𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2
35𝑥 + 15 24𝑥 + 64
50𝑥 + 20 – 3𝑥 6 + 9𝑥 5
15𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 10 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12
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Simplifying Polynomials
✓ Find “identical” terms. (They have same variables with same power).
✓ Use “FOIL”. (First–Out–In–Last) for binomials:
(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏
✓ Using order of operation, add or subtract “identical” terms
Example:
(𝟒 + 𝒙)(𝒙 − 𝟑) =
(x + 4)(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12
Practices:
Simplify each expression.
−3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 + 7𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 2 + 6 18𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 5 + 7𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 5 + 4
𝑥(𝑥 3 + 9) − 6 (8 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 ) − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥
4 – 17𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 2 + 26 4𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 + 3𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 – 20𝑥
(𝑥 − 6) (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 5) (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5)
(𝑥 4 − 𝑥) + (4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 ) 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3)
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Answer Key
8𝑥 5 − 5𝑥 2 + 6 7𝑥 2 + 4
𝑥 4 − 6 𝑥 2 + 9x − 48 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥
−4 𝑥 2 + 30 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 – 13𝑥
−𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 30 𝑥 2 − 25
−2𝑥 4 +4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
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Chapter 8 : Functions
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Relations and Functions
➢ Rate of change and Slope
➢ x and y intercept
➢ Slope-intercept form
➢ Slope-point form
➢ Equation of Parallel or Perpendicular lines
➢ Equation of Horizontal and Vertical Lines
➢ Function Notation
➢ Adding and Subtracting Functions
➢ Multiplying and Dividing Functions
➢ Composition of Functions
➢ Solve a Quadratic Equation
It’s fine to work on any problem, so long as it generates interesting mathematics along the way
– even if you don’t solve it at the end of the day.” – Andrew Wiles
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……………………………………………………….……
Relations and Functions
✓ RELATION: A relationship between two sets of elements like input
and output, input can have as many as outputs.
✓ FUNCTION: A relationship between two sets of elements like input
and output and only and exactly one output related to one input.
✓ A function is a type of relation, but a relation may not be a function.
✓ The Vertical Line Test
A graphical method that we can observe the cross between the graph
and vertical line.
The graph is a function if and only if the intersection point is one.
Example:
Practices:
State the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether
each relation is a function.
1) 2)
Function: Function:
1 3
…………………….3 5 …………………….
Domain: 5 8 Domain:
…………………….7 12
…………………….
9 18
Range: Range:
……………………. …………………….
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3) {(1, −2), (4, −1), (0, 5), (4, 0), (3, 8)} 4) 𝒙 𝒚
Function: Function: 𝟑 𝟒
……………………. ……………………. 𝟎 𝟏
Domain: Domain: −𝟐 −𝟑
……………………. ……………………. 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟖 𝟐
Range: Range:
……………………. …………………….
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
No, Df = {1, 3,5, 7, 9}, Yes, Df = (−∞, ∞),
R f = {3, 5, 8, 12,18} R f = {2, −∞)
No, Df = {1, 4, 0, 3}, Yes, Df = {3, 0, −2, 6, 8},
R f = {−2, −1, 5, 0, 8} R f = {4, 1, −3, 2}
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Rate of change
✓ Slope can be described as “rate of change”.
✓ Rate of change is a ratio between a change in one variable comparing to a
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 (𝒚)
corresponding change in another variable. Rate of change = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 (𝒙)
✓ Rates of change can be positive, negative, or zero.
Example:
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝑦) 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦 56−32 24 6
= 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝑥)
= 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟
= 8−4
= 4
=1
Practices:
What is the average rate of change of the function?
𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 4, from 𝑥 = −1 to 𝑥 = 4? 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 6, from 𝑥 = −5 to 𝑥 = 1?
𝑓(𝑥) = −4 , from 𝑥 = 3 to 𝑥 = −2? 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 5, from 𝑥 = 3 to 𝑥 = 6?
𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 4, from 𝑥 = 2 to 𝑥 = 4? 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3, from 𝑥 = 1 to 𝑥 = 2?
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Answer Key
−3
−2.5
−2
−12
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Slope
✓ The slope is used to describe the steepness and direction of lines on the
coordinate plane.
✓ A coordinate plane is a two-dimensional plane formed by the intersection
of a vertical line called y-axis and a horizontal line called x-axis. These are
perpendicular lines that intersect each other at zero, and this point is
called the origin.
✓ An ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) shows the location of a point.
✓ A line on coordinate plane can be drawn by connecting two points.
✓ The slope of a line with two points A (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and B (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) can be found by
𝑦 −𝑦 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
using this formula: 𝑥 2 − 𝑥1 =
2 1 run
Example:
(𝟑, −𝟕) (−𝟐, −𝟗)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 −9−(−7) −9+7 −2
= = = = −2
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 −2+3 1 1
Practices:
Find the slope of the line through each pair of points.
1) (2, – 9), (5, −6) 2) (14,7), (20, 12)
3) (1, −5), (8, −4) 4) (13, −9), (15, −7)
5) (−5, −8), (−8, −2) 6) (0, 0), (12, −2)
7) (14, −8), (−6, 5) 8) (−2,5), (−2, 8)
9) (−14, −9), (−6, −15) 10) (−19,2), (2, −19)
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
5
1 6
1
7
1
1
−2 − 6
13
20
3
4 −1
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x and y intercept
✓ 𝒙-intercept is the point at which the graph crosses the x-axis, and the
value of 𝑦 is zero.
✓ 𝒚-intercept is the point at which the graph crosses the y-axis, and the
value of 𝑥 is zero.
Example:
intercepts y = 3x − 21
𝑦=0 0 = 3x − 21 → 3𝑥 = 21 → 𝑥 = 7
(7,0)
𝑦=0 y = 3(0) − 21 → y = −21 (0, −12)
Practices:
Find the 𝐱 and 𝐲 intercepts for the following equations.
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15 𝑦 = 𝑥 +8
4𝑥 = 𝑦 + 16 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 7𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 10 = 0
3 1 2
𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 0 3𝑥 − 21 = 0
7
24 − 4𝑦 = 0 −2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 42 = 12
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Answer Key
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 5 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 8
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 3 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −8
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −16 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −2
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 4 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −2
7
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = − 3 10
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = − 7
7
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 2
4
8
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = − 3
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
2 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 7
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −
7
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 6 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 5
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 15
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Writing Linear Equations
✓ The equation of a line:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
✓ Identify the slope.
✓ Find the y–intercept. This can be done by substituting the slope and
the coordinates of a point (𝑥, 𝑦) on the line.
Example:
𝒇 𝒇(4) = −𝟐 𝒇(7) = 𝟏
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 1−(−2) 1+2
= = =1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 7−4 3
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 → 𝑦 = 1 × 𝑥 + 𝑏 → 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑓(7) = 1 1 = 7 + b → b = −6
𝑦 =𝑥−6
Practices:
Write the equation of each line in form of 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃.
2 2
𝑚=2 = −7 𝑚 = −5 =3
f(−2) = 1 f(−3) = 4 f(6) = −1 f(2) = 7
(5, 7), (3,6) (−1.5, 2), (6.5, −2)
Through: (2, −1), (6, 11) Through: (4, 1), (−2, 7)
Through: (2, 4), (−2, −4) Through: (4, 5), (0, −1)
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
2 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 7 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 3
𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 5 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 11
1 9
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −0.5𝑥 + 1.25
2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 7 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5
𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑦 = 1.5𝑥 − 1
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Slope-intercept form
✓ The slope-intercept form is one of several ways you can write the equation
of a line.
✓ Using the slope 𝒎 and the 𝑦-intercept 𝒃, then the equation of the line is:
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Example:
4𝑥 −4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12 − 4𝑥 → −2𝑦 = 12 − 4𝑥
−2 𝑦 = −6 + 2𝑥 → 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 6
Practices:
Write the slope–intercept form of the equation of each line.
𝑦−4=𝑥+3 5𝑥 + 14 = – 3𝑦
18𝑥 – 12𝑦 = – 6 7𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 25 = 0
1
− 3 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3 5 − 𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 0
−𝑦 = −6𝑥 − 9 – 2(7𝑥 + 𝑦) = 24
3 1 5
3(𝑦 + 3) = 2(𝑥 − 3) 𝑦 +4𝑥 + 4 = 0
4
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Answer Key
5 14
𝑦=𝑥+7 𝑦 = −3 𝑥 − 3
3 1 7 25
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 9 𝑦 =– 4𝑥 + 5
𝑦 = 6𝑥 + 9 𝑦 =– 7𝑥 – 12
2 1 5
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 5 𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 3
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Point-slope form
✓ Using the slope 𝑚 and a point (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) on the line, the equation of the
line is:
(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
Example:
(3, −2)
𝑥1 = 3 𝑦1 = −2
3 3
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) → 𝑦 − (−2) = 8 (𝑥 − 3) → 𝑦 + 2 = 8 (𝑥 − 3)
Practices:
Write an equation in point–slope form for the line that passes through
the given point with the slope provided.
1
(2, −3), 𝑚 = 4 (−7, 4), 𝑚 = 5
(0, – 6), 𝑚 = – 2 (−𝑎, 𝑏), 𝑚 = 𝑚
(– 9, 1), 𝑚 = 3 (3, 0), 𝑚 = −5
1
(−4, 11), 𝑚 = 3 (0, 11), (−2,11)
1 1
(− 3 , 3) , 𝑚 = 5 (0, 0), (1, −3)
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1
𝑦 + 3 = 4(𝑥 − 2) 𝑦 − 4 = 5 (𝑥 + 7)
𝑦 + 6 = −2𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑏 = 𝑚(𝑥 + 𝑎)
𝑦 – 1 = 3 (𝑥 + 9) 𝑦 = −5(𝑥 − 3)
1
𝑦 − 11 = 3 (𝑥 + 4) 𝑦 − 11 = 0
1 1
𝑦 − 3 = 5 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑦 = −3𝑥
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Equation of Parallel or Perpendicular lines
✓ Parallel lines: The two lines will never intersect, and their slopes are
identical. The only difference between the two lines is the y-
intercept.
𝑦 = 𝑚1 𝑥 + 𝑏1
{ ; Then, 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 and 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑏2 .
𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝑥 + 𝑏2
✓ Perpendicular Lines do intersect. Their intersection forms a right, or
90° angle. The slope of one line is the negative reciprocal of the slope
of the other line.
𝑦 = 𝑚1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 1
{ ; then, 𝑚1 = − 𝑚 , or 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 2
Example:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒈(𝒙) = −𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐
.{ 𝟏
𝒉(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟕
𝟒
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥)
Practices:
Write an equation of the line that Write an equation of the line that
passes through the given point and passes through the given point and
is parallel to the given line. is perpendicular to the given line.
3 2
1) (0,7), −5𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4 ( , ), 𝑦 = – 6 𝑥 – 24
5 5
4 5
2) (−2, −1), 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 (– 10, 0), 𝑦 = 𝑥– 15
5 3
3) (−2, 5), – 8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = – 18 (3, −5), 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 12
2 7
4) (3, −2), 𝑦 = – 𝑥−3 (−3, −1), 𝑦 = 𝑥– 4
5 3
5) (−5, −5), 6𝑥 + 15𝑦 = −30 (0, 0), 𝑦 − 8𝑥 + 6 = 0
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
4 3
𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 7 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 5
8 41 2 4
𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5𝑥 − 5
5
2 1 3
𝑦 = −5𝑥 − 7 𝑦 = 6 𝑥 + 10
3
𝑦 = −5𝑥 − 6 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 2
3 16 1
𝑦 = −7𝑥 − 𝑦 = −8𝑥
7
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Equation of Horizontal and Vertical Lines
✓ Equations of horizontal and vertical lines only have one variable.
✓ The slope of horizontal lines is 0 and y-values for each point are the
same. Then, the equation of horizontal lines is: 𝑦 = 𝑏.
✓ The slope of vertical lines is undefined and the equation for a vertical
line is: 𝑥 = 𝑎
Example:
(𝟒, −𝟏)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
4 𝑥=4
Practices:
Sketch the graph of each line.
𝑦=3 𝑦 = −1
𝑥=0 𝑥=3
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑦=3 𝑦 = −1
𝑥=0 𝑥=3
[Link]
194
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Function Notation
✓ Function notation is a way to write functions that is easy to read and
understand. Also, it determines that a relationship is a function.
✓ The notation y = f (x) defines a function named f. This is read y is a function
of x. The letter x is the input value or independent variable. The letter y, or f
(x), is the output value or dependent variable.
Example:
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒙=𝟐
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5
𝑥
𝑓 (2) = 22 + 3 × 2 − 5 = 4 + 6 − 5 = 5
Practices:
Write in function notation.
𝑣 = 8𝑡 𝑟 = 4𝑝2 + 2𝑝 − 2
3
ℎ = 15𝑔 + 8 𝑦 = 5𝑥–
4
Evaluate each function.
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 8, find ℎ(−2) 𝑓(𝑢) = 9𝑢 − 2, find 𝑓(1⁄3)
ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 6, find ℎ(𝑎) ℎ(𝑎) = −2𝑎 + 4, find ℎ(3𝑏)
𝑎
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 7, find ℎ(𝑥 2 ) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5, find ℎ(− )
3
[Link]
195
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑣(𝑡) = 8𝑡 𝑟(𝑝) = 4𝑝2 + 2𝑝 − 2
3
ℎ(𝑔) = 15𝑔 + 8 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 4
−16 1
3𝑎 − 6 −6𝑏 + 4
1
𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 − 7 𝑎2 + 5
9
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Adding and Subtracting Functions
✓ Like numbers and polynomials, we can add and subtract functions which
results into a new function.
✓ Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions:
We can add two functions as: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
We can subtract two functions as: (𝑓– 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)– 𝑔(𝑥)
Example:
𝒇 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒈=𝒙−𝟐
𝑓 + 𝑔 = (3𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 − 2) = 4𝑥 − 1 → (𝑓 + 𝑔)(5) = 19
𝑓 − 𝑔 = (3𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 2) = 2𝑥 + 3 → (𝑓 − 𝑔)(5) = 13
Practices:
Perform the indicated operation.
1) h(t) = 5t − 3 2) h(n) = 4n − 4
g(t) = 5t + 3 g(n) = n2 − 6n + 9
Find (ℎ − 𝑔)(𝑡). Find (h + g)(a).
3) g(a) = −3a2 + 4 4) g(x) = − x 2 + 8 − 3x
f(a) = 2a2 − a + 4 f(x) = 8 + 2x
Find (g − f)(a). Find (g – f)(x).
5) h(x) = 3x 2 − 5 6) g(t) = t + 8
g(x) = −4x 2 + 2x f(t) = −3t 2 + t
Find (h + g)(t). Find (g − f)(u − 1).
7) ℎ(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 4 8) 𝑘(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 6
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 6 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4
Find (ℎ + 𝑔)(2). Find (𝑘 + ℎ)(𝑡 − 3).
[Link]
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
–6 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 5
– 5𝑎2 + 𝑎 – 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
−𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 − 5 3𝑢2 − 6𝑢 + 11
–4 𝑡 2 − 7𝑡 + 22
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Multiplying and Dividing Functions
✓ Like numbers and polynomials, we can multiply and divide functions
which results into a new function.
✓ Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions:
We can multiply two functions as: (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
We can divide two functions as: (𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
Example:
𝒇
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 (𝒇𝒈)(𝒙) (𝒈) (𝒙)
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) × 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 9) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 27 → (fg)(1) = −32
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 1 𝑓 1
(𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −9 = (𝑥−3)(𝑥+3) = 𝑥−3 → (𝑔) (1) = − 2
Practices:
Perform the indicated operation.
1 2 1
1) f(x) = x 2 − 3x 2) g(t) = t +
3 3
2
g(x) = 4x − 2 h(t) = 3t – 3
1
Find (f. g)(x) Find (h. g)( 3 )
3) 𝑓(𝑎) = 12𝑎 − 8 4) ℎ(𝑎) = −2𝑎
𝑔(𝑎) = 5𝑎 + 10 𝑔(𝑎) = – 6𝑎2 – 2𝑎
f ℎ
Find (g)(−1) Find (𝑔)(𝑎)
5) 𝑔(𝑎) = 4𝑎 – 3 6) 𝑘(𝑛) = 2𝑛2 − 𝑛
ℎ(𝑎) = 4𝑎 – 2 ℎ(𝑛) = 3𝑛2 − 3
Find (𝑔. ℎ)(2) Find (𝑘. ℎ)(1)
7) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 8) 𝑓(𝑡) = −𝑎 + 3
𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 – 1 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑎3 + 2
𝑔 3𝑓
Find (𝑓 )(𝑥) Find ( 𝑔 )(𝑎)
[Link]
199
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
20
4𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 27
1
−4 3a+1
30 0
−3𝑎+9
2𝑥 − 1 𝑎3 + 2
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200
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Composition of Functions
✓ A composite function is generally a function that is written inside
another function. Composition of a function is done by substituting one
function into another function.
✓ The notation used for composition is:
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
Example:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙, (𝒇 𝒐 𝒈)(𝟏)
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))=2(𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑥 + 2
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(1)= 4
Practices:
Using f(x) = 2x − 8, and g(x) = −2x + 1, find:
1) f(g(0))
2) f(f(1))
3) g(f(3))
Using f(x) = 3x − 4a, and g(x) = x 2 − 2, find:
4) (fog)(1) = f(g(1))
5) (fof)(3)
6) (gof)(2)
Using f(x) = −2x + 3, and g(x) = x − b, find:
7) (fog)(−2x)
8) (fog)(x + 1)
9) (gof)(x 2 )
[Link]
201
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
−6 −20
5 −3 − 4𝑎
27 − 16𝑎 16𝑎2 − 48𝑎 + 34
4𝑥 + 3 + 2𝑏 −2𝑥 + 1 + 2𝑏
−2𝑥 2 + 3 − 𝑏
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Solve a Quadratic Equation
✓ Write the equation in the Standard form:
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (One side must only contain zero)
✓ Factorize the quadratic.
✓ Use quadratic formula if you couldn’t factorize the quadratic.
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
✓ Quadratic formula: 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂
Example:
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
4+√100
𝑎=1 =7
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −(−4)±√(−4)2 −4(1)(−21) 2
{ 𝑏 = −4 ⇒ 𝑥 = = = {
2𝑎 2(1) 4−√100
𝑐 = −21 = −3
2
𝑥−7=0→𝑥 =7
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 21 = 0 → (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 → {
𝑥 + 3 = 0 → 𝑥 = −3
Practices:
Solve each equation by using the quadratic formula.
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = – 8 3𝑥 2 – 9𝑥 – 9 = 3
6𝑥 2 = 24𝑥 – 18 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 45 = – 24𝑥 2𝑥 2 – 24𝑥 = – 72
– 6𝑥 2 – 10𝑥– 4 = 8– 4𝑥 2 𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 =– 84
2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 52 = 12 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 15 + 4𝑥
[Link]
203
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
{–4, –2} {4, –1}
{1, 3} {3, 0}
{– 3, –5} {6}
{–3, –2} {14, 6}
{–4, –5} {5, – 3}
[Link]
204
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Chapter 9 : Geometry
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ The Pythagorean Theorem
➢ Area of Triangles and Trapezoids
➢ Area and Circumference of Circles
➢ Area and Perimeter of Polygons
➢ Area of Squares, Rectangles, and Parallelograms
➢ Volume of Cubes, Rectangle Prisms, and Cylinder
➢ Surface Area of Cubes, Rectangle Prisms, and Cylinder
“Mathematics is, as it were, a sensuous logic, and relates to philosophy as do the arts, music,
and plastic art to poetry.” — K. Shegel
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
The Pythagorean Theorem
✓ In any right triangle: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 𝑐
𝑎
Example:
3
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 4
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 → 32 + 42 = 𝑐 2 → 9 + 16 = 𝑐 2
𝑐 2 = 25 → 𝑐 = 5
Practices:
Do the following lengths form a Find each missing length to the
right triangle? nearest tenth.
5 ?
3
32
4 60
√290 72
?
13
11 35
9 12
20
55
25 ?
?
13 48
5
12 64
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6 14 ? 13
22 5
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Angles
✓ Adjacent: Two triangles are said to be adjacent if its two angles have common side,
common vertex and do not overlap.
✓ Vertical: Two angles share same vertex.
✓ Complementary: Sum of the measure of two complementary angles are 90°
✓ Supplementary: Sum of the measure of two supplementary angles are 180°
Example:
𝒙
55° 𝑥°
𝐶 𝐴
B
180°
180° − 55° = 125°
Practices:
What is the value of x in the following figures?
120°
𝑥° 89° 𝑥°
𝐶 B 𝐴 𝐶 𝐴
B
148° 155°
𝑥° 𝑥°
𝐶 𝐴 𝐶 𝐴
B B
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
40° 72°
𝑥° 𝑥°
𝐶 𝐴 𝐶 B 𝐴
B
𝑥° 160° 57°
𝑥°
𝐶 B 𝐴
𝐶 𝐴
B
Solve.
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
60° 91°
32° 25°
50° 18°
20° 123°
30° 18°
[Link]
210
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Area of Triangles
✓ In any triangle the sum of all angles is 180 degrees.
1
✓ Area of a triangle = 2 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
𝑏
Example:
1
Area = (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
2
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 12 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 8 12
1 1
Area = (12 × 8) = (96) = 48
2 2
Practices:
Find the area of each.
[Link]
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
212
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Area of Trapezoids
𝑏2
✓ A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of
parallel sides. ℎ
1
✓ Area of a trapezoid = 2 ℎ(𝑏1 + 𝑏2 ) 𝑏1
Example:
16 𝑐𝑚
1
A= ℎ(𝑏1 + 𝑏2 )
2
18 𝑐𝑚
𝑏1 = 12 𝑏2 = 16 ℎ = 18
1
A= 18(12 + 16) = 9(28) = 252 𝑐𝑚2 12 𝑐𝑚
2
Practices:
Calculate the area for each trapezoid.
12 cm 28 m
8 cm 10 m
15 cm 30 m
8 mi
8.4 mm
20
16 mi mi 9.6 mm
19 mi 11.6 mm
6.5 mm
8 mi
9 cm 14 m
6 cm 10 m
12 cm 18 m
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7 mm
5 mi
7 mi 4 mm
10 mi 9.6 mm
5 mm
13 cm 32 m
10 cm 12 m
18 cm 40 m
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Area and Perimeter of Polygons
Perimeter of a square Perimeter of a rectangle
= 𝟒 × 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 = 𝟒𝒔 = 𝟐(𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 + 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉)
Perimeter of trapezoid 𝑎 Perimeter of a regular hexagon = 6𝑎
= 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄+𝒅
𝑑 𝑏
Perimeter of a parallelogram = 𝟐(𝒍 + 𝒘)
Example:
3𝑚
= 6𝑎 3𝑚 3𝑚
= 6𝑎 = 6 × 3 = 18𝑚
Practices:
Find the area and perimeter of each.
15 yd
11mi
31.5 yd 31.5 yd
11 mi
11 mi
15 yd 11 mi
18.4 ft
14.5 ft
12 ft 8.2 in
7.4 in
14.5 ft
18.4 ft 10.4 in
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
5 mm
15 cm 10 cm
8 mm 6 mm
13 cm 5 mm
Find the perimeter of each shape.
6m 11mm
6m 6m
11 mm
20 in
13 ft 13 ft
19 in
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑦𝑑2 𝑚𝑖 2
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑖𝑛2
𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Area and Circumference of Circles
✓ We use variable 𝑟 for the radius and 𝑑 for diameter in a
circle and 𝜋 is about 3.14.
✓ Area of a circle= 𝜋𝑟 2
✓ Circumference of a circle= 2𝜋𝑟
Example:
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑟
6 cm
𝑟=6 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2𝜋(6) = 12𝜋
π = 3.14 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 12 × 3.14 = 37.68
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑟=6 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋(6)2 = 36𝜋 π = 3.14 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 36 × 3.14 = 113.04
Practices:
Find the area and circumference of each. (π = 3.14)
5 in
2 cm
8 km 7.5 m
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
4m 10 cm
2.5cm
1.5 in
24 in
6 km
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
[Link]
218
SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Volume of Cubes
✓ A three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square sides is called cube.
✓ The measure of the amount of space inside of a solid figure is called volume,
like a cube, ball, cylinder, or pyramid.
✓ Volume of a cube = (𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆)𝟑
Example:
𝟐 𝒄𝒎
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = (𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)3
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = (𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)3 = (2)3 = 8 𝑐𝑚3
Practices:
Find the volume of each.
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
4 𝑓𝑡
6𝑚
5 𝑖𝑛
3 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
𝑓𝑡 3 𝑚3
𝑖𝑛3 𝑚𝑖 3
[Link]
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Volume of Rectangle Prisms
𝑙
✓ A solid 3-dimensional object which has six rectangular faces.
ℎ
✓ Volume of a Rectangular prism = 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 × 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 × 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝑤
Volume = 𝑙 × 𝑤 × ℎ
Example:
10 𝑚
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑙 × 𝑤 × ℎ
8𝑚
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 10 × 5 × 8 = 400 𝑚3
5𝑚
Practices:
Find the volume of each of the rectangular prisms.
10 cm 11 cm
12cm 9 cm
7 cm 2 cm
4m 15 cm
4m 19 cm
4m 5 cm
5.5 m
17.5
cm
5.5 m
10 cm
4cm 5.5 m
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7m 20 ft
7m 11 ft
7m 3 ft
12.5 km 8 in
cmcm
8 km 10 in
3 km 5 in
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Surface Area of Cubes
✓ A three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square sides is called cube.
surface area of cube = 𝟔 × (𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆)𝟐
Example:
𝟐 𝒄𝒎
6(𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2 = 6(2)2 = 6(4) = 24 𝑐𝑚2
Practices:
Find the surface of each cube.
7 mm 10.5 mm
1) 2)
4m
3.5 cm 4)
3)
5)
6) 8.1 ft
3.2 in
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1.6 in 11 m
7)
cm
8)
9) 10) 2.25 mm
5.2 in
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Surface Area of a Rectangle Prism
✓ A solid 3-dimensional object which has six rectangular 𝑙
faces.
ℎ
Surface area= 2(𝑤ℎ + 𝑙𝑤 + 𝑙ℎ)
𝑤
Example:
10 𝑚
.
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2(𝑤ℎ + 𝑙𝑤 + 𝑙ℎ) 8𝑚
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2(5 × 8 + 10 × 5 + 10 × 8) = 5𝑚
2
2(40 + 50 + 80) = 340 𝑚
Practices:
Find the surface of each prism.
1.02 mm
3 yd 4 yd 1.5 mm
6 yd 0.5 mm
2.5 in 12 cm
9.5 in
10 cm
4 in 7 cm
2 mm
4.5 mm 5 yd
6 yd
10 yd
3.5 mm
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14 cm
8 cm
2 yd 6 yd
5 yd
5 cm
3.5 in
4 mm
7.5 in
8 mm
6 in 6 mm
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Volume of a Cylinder
✓ A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a
circular cross section is called a cylinder. ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
✓ Volume of Cylinder Formula = 𝜋(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠) × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝜋 = 3.14
Example:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝜋(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠)2 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 6 𝑐𝑚
2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝜋(4) × 6 = 𝜋16 × 6 = 96𝜋
4 𝑐𝑚
π = 3.14 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 96𝜋 = 301.44
Practices:
Find the volume of each cylinder. (π = 3.14).
4 in 7
10
6 in
2 in
3m
4.5 in
6m
7.5 m 14 in
4m
3.5 in
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10 in 6 ft
7.5 in 10 ft
5 in 12 yd
9 in 2 yd
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Surface Area of a Cylinder
✓ A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a
circular cross section is called cylinder. ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
✓ Surface area of a cylinder= 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
Example:
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
= 2𝜋(4)2 + 2𝜋(4)(6) = 2𝜋(16) + 2𝜋(24) = 32𝜋 + 48𝜋 = 6 𝑐𝑚
80𝜋 4 𝑐𝑚
π = 3.14 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 80 × 3.14 = 251.2
Practices:
Find the surface of each cylinder. (π = 3.14).
7 cm
5 ft
8 ft 4cm
6 in 2 yd
10 in 5.5 yd
18 in 1.5
12 in 4
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6 in
10 in
8 ft
4 ft
1.4 yd 10 in
6.6 yd 20 in
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Chapter 10 : Statistics
Topics that you’ll learn in this chapter:
➢ Mean, Median, Mode, and Range of the Given Data
➢ Box and Whisker Plots
➢ Bar Graph
➢ Stem– And– Leaf Plot
➢ The Pie Graph or Circle Graph
➢ Dot and Scatter Plots
➢ Probability of Simple Events
“The book of nature is written in the language of Mathematic” -Galileo
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Mean and Median
sum of the data
✓ Mean: total number of data entires
✓ Median: Middle value in the sorted list of numbers
✓ When there are two middle numbers, we average them
Example:
𝟒, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟖, 𝟓, 𝟏𝟏
4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18
9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11
9+11 20
: = = 10
2 2
Practices:
Find Mean and Median of the Given Data.
8, 10, 7, 3,12 4, 6, 9, 7, 5, 19
5, 11, 1, 1, 8, 9 , 20 12, 4, 2, 7, 3, 2
3, 5, 7, 4, 7, 8, 9 5, 10, 4, 4, 9, 12, 9
10, 4, 8, 5, 9, 6, 7, 19 16, 3, 4, 3, 7, 6,18
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
Mean: 8, Median: 8 Mean: 8.33, Median: 6.5
Mean: 7.85, Median: 8 Mean: 5, Median: 3.5
Mean: 6.14, Median: 7 Mean: 7.57, Median: 9
Mean: 8.5, Median: 7.5 Mean: 8.14, Median: 6
Mean: 39.106, Median: 45 Mean: 4.8, Median: 4
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Mode and Range
✓ Mode: The most appeared value in the list.
✓ Range: The difference of highest value and lowest value in the list
Example:
𝟐𝟐, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟗, 𝟕, 𝟔, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟗
Practices:
Find Mode and Rage of the Given Data.
Solve.
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
Mode: 8, Range: 11 Mode: 13, Range: 17
Mode: 7, Range: 6 Mode: 12, Range: 6
Mode: 2, Range: 8 Mode: 1, Range: 19
Mode: 7, Range: 30 Mode: 6, Range: 11
Mode: 22, Range: 32 Mode: 13, Range: 11
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Times Series
✓ A precise representation of the distribution of numerical data is
referred as Time Series.
Example:
Answer:
Day Distance (km) Distance
Day Distance (km)
600 547
1 460
1 359 359
2 400
→ 2 460 360
200 278
3 278
0
4 547 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
5 360 Distance
Practices:
Use the following Graph to complete the table.
1)
Distance
600 507
1 430
500
400 343
2
300 390
200 268
100
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Distance
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The following table shows the number of births in the US from 2007 to
2012 (in millions).
2)
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1)
1 343
2 430
3 268
4 507
5 390
2) Number of Births
4.4 6.42
Number of Births (in millions)
4.3 6.45
4.2 6.33
4.1
5.9
4 4.35 4.35
3.9
3.8
3.7
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
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Box and Whisker Plot
✓ Box–and–whisker plots display data including quartiles.
✓ IQR – interquartile range shows the difference from Q1 to Q3.
✓ Extreme Values are the lowest and highest values in a data set.
Example:
73, 84, 86, 95, 68, 67, 100, 94, 77, 80, 62, 79
100 62 𝑄1 : 70.5 𝑄2 : 79.5 𝑄3 : 90
60 70 80 90 100
Practices:
Make box and whisker plots for the given data.
1, 5, 20, 8, 3, 10, 13, 11, 14, 17, 18, 15, 23
2,7, 23, 11, 13, 9, 16, 5, 18, 22, 20, 17, 19
3, 7,9, 10, 11, 5, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 8, 14
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Bar Graph
✓ A chart that presents data with bars in different heights to match with
the values of the data is called a bar graph. We can graph the bars
vertically or horizontally.
Example:
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Football VolleyballTable TennisBasketball Chess
Practices:
Graph the given information as a bar graph.
12
10
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12
10
0
Monday Tuesday Thursday Fraiday Saturday Sunday
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Monday Tuesday Thursday Fraiday Saturday Sunday
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Dot plots
✓ The representation of a distribution that consists of group of data points
plotted on a simple scale is referred as a dot plot. Dot plots are used for
continuous, univariate and quantitative data. If there are few data points,
then they can be labelled.
✓ Dot plots are one of the simplest statistical plots and are suitable for small
to moderate sized data sets.
Example:
Practices:
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Scatter Plots
✓ The values with points that represent the relationship between two sets
of data are shown by a scatter(𝑥, 𝑦) plot.
✓ The horizontal values are taken as 𝑥 and vertical data is taken as 𝑦.
Example:
𝒙 1 2 3 4 5
𝒚 2 4.5 1.5 5 2
5
Y-Values
4
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Practices:
Construct a scatter plot.
𝒙 1 2.5 3 3.5 4 5
𝒚 4 3.5 4.5 2.5 8 2
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𝒙 1 2 3.5 4 4.5 5
𝒚 3 1 2.5 1.5 1.5 1
Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
Y-Values
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 Y-Values
3
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Stem–And–Leaf Plot
✓ Stem–and–leaf plots display the frequency of the values in a data set.
✓ We can make a frequency distribution table for the values, or we can use a
stem–and–leaf plot.
Example:
56, 58, 42, 48, 66, 64, 53, 69, 45, 72
Practices:
Make stem ad leaf plots for the given data.
42, 14,17, 21, 44, 24, 18, 47, 23, 24, 19, 12
10, 65, 14, 18, 69, 11, 33, 61, 66, 38, 15, 35
122, 87, 99, 86, 100, 126, 92, 129, 88, 121, 91,107
60, 51, 119, 69, 72, 59, 110, 65, 77, 59, 65, 112,71
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
The Pie Graph or Circle Graph
✓ A circular chart divided into sectors is said to be a pie chart; each sector
represents the relative size of each value.
Example:
= 840
= 30% = 0.30
0.30 × 840 = 252
Practices:
SPORTS
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
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Name: ……………………………………………………….……
Probability of Simple Events
✓ Probability is the possibility of something happening in the future. It is
shown as a number between zero (can never happen) to 1 (will always
happen).
✓ Probability can be written as a fraction, a decimal, or a percent.
Example:
8 20
8 8 2
8 20 = 20 = 5
8+12
Practices:
Solve.
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Score: …………………………………………………
Answer Key
1 1
4 15
1 1
13 3
1 1
2 2
2 1
13 5
2 1 3
5 4 5
,
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Chapter 11 : SSAT Upper-Level Math
Practice Tests
The SSAT, or Secondary School Admissions Test, is a standardized test to help
determine admission to private elementary, middle, and high schools.
There are currently three Levels of the SSAT:
✓ Lower Level (for students in 3rd and 4th grade)
✓ Middle Level (for students in 5th-7th grade)
✓ Upper Level (for students in 8th-11th grade)
The SSAT Upper-Level test consists of three separate exams:
✓ Quantitative (Mathematics)
✓ Reading
✓ Writing
There are two quantitative sections on the test. The mathematics portions of the
SSAT Upper-Level test each contains 25 questions. For each math section, students
have 30 minutes to complete the test. The Math section of the test covers arithmetic,
data analysis, geometry, algebra, and some basic statistics topics.
Students are not allowed to use calculator when taking a SSAT Upper-Level
assessment.
In this section, there are two complete SSAT Upper-Level Mathematics Tests. Take
these tests to see what score you’ll be able to receive on a real SSAT Upper-Level
test.
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Time to Test
Time to refine your skill with a practice examination
Take a REAL SSAT Upper-Level Mathematics test to simulate the test day
experience. After you've finished, score your test using the answer key.
Before You Start
- You’ll need a pencil, calculator, and a timer to take the test.
- It’s okay to guess. You won’t lose any points if you’re wrong.
- After you’ve finished the test, review the answer key to see where you
went wrong.
Graphing calculators are permitted for SSAT Upper-Level Tests
Good Luck!
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test Answer Sheets
Remove (or photocopy) these answer sheets and use them to complete the practice tests.
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test
Mathematics Section 1 Mathematics Section 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
25 25
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 1
Quantitative 1
❖ 25 Questions.
❖ Total time for this test: 30 Minutes.
❖ Calculators are not allowed at the test.
Administered Month Year
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1) 24,292 ÷ 0.004?
A. 6.0730 D. 6,073.0
B. 60.730 E. 600730
C. 607.30
2) What is the value of the sum of the tens and thousandths in number
3,881.95283?
A. 14 D. 15
B. 8 E. 7
C. 11
3) If 140 % of a number is 70, then what is the 70 % of that number?
A. 35 D. 64
B. 25 E. 85
C. 35
4) Jack earns $288 for his first 24 hours of work in a week and is then paid 1.5
times his regular hourly rate for any additional hours. This week, Jack needs
$396 to pay his rent, bills and other expenses. How many hours must he work
to make enough money in this week?
A. 35 D. 36
B. 45 E. 42
C. 30
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3 1
1 +
5) 2 5
1 7 is approximately equal to?
4 −
2 4
A. 0.33 D. 0.66
B. 0.6
E. 0.98
C. 0.67
6) If 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 4, what is the minimum value of the following expression?
4𝑥 + 3
A. 8 D. 2
B. 7 E. 1
C. 5
7) A shaft rotates 600 times in 5 seconds. How many times does it rotate in 4
seconds?
A. 480 D. 200
B. 420 E. 100
C. 180
8) A school wants to give each of its 45 top students a football ball. If the balls are
in boxes of 8, how many boxes of balls they need to purchase?
A. 3 D. 12
B. 8 E. 10
C. 6
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24
9) If + 5 = 8, then 24 + A = ?
A
A. 5 D. 32
B. 8 E. 52
C. 27
10) The average weight of 30 girls in a class is 60 kg and the average weight of 20
boys in the same class is 65 kg. What is the average weight of all the 50 students
in that class?
A. 62.5 D. 70.5
B. 62 E. 75
C. 66.5
5
11) There are three equal tanks of water. If of a tank contains 350 liters of water,
7
what is the capacity of the two tanks of water together?
A. 980 D. 160
B. 300 E. 400
C. 450
12) The sum of six different negative integers is −90. If the smallest of these
integers is −18, what is the largest possible value of one of the other five
integers?
A. −16 D. −3
B. −10 E. −2
C. −6
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13) Which of the following statements is correct, according to the graph below?
Number of Books Sold in a Bookstore
1200 1120
1000
800 780
600
390
400
195
200
0
April May June July
A. Number of books sold in June was greater than half the number of books
sold in July.
B. Number of books sold in July was half the number of books sold in May.
C. Number of books sold in April was twice the number of books sold in June.
D. Number of books sold in July was equal to the number of books sold in
April plus the number of books sold in June.
E. More books were sold in April than in July.
14) If 𝑥∎𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦, what is the value of 2∎5?
A. √76 C. 5
B. 3 D. 1
E. 2
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15) What is the answer of 7.5 ÷ 0.15?
1 D. 50
A.
50
B.
1 E. 500
5
C. 5
16) Two-kilograms apple and four-kilograms orange cost $28.4. If one-kilogram
apple costs $4.2 how much does one-kilogram orange cost?
A. $9 D. $5
B. $6 E. $4
C. $5.5
17) David’s current age is 38 years, and Ava’s current age is 10 years old. In how
many years David’s age will be 3 times Ava’s age?
A. 6 D. 8
B. 5 E. 12
C. 4
18) What is the value of 𝑥 in the following figure?
A. 150
B. 145 125°
C. 160
D. 175
25° 𝒙°
E. 120
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19) How many tiles of 9 cm2 is needed to cover a floor of dimension 4 cm by 18 cm?
A. 5 D. 72
B. 8 E. 34
C. 9
20) Michelle and Alec can finish a job together in 240 minutes. If Michelle can do
the job by herself in 8 hours, how many minutes does it take Alec to finish the
job?
A. 250 D. 480
B. 180 E. 240
C. 200
21) A football team won exactly 80% of the games it played during last session.
Which of the following could be the total number of games the team played last
season?
A. 19 D. 34
B. 36 E. 23
C. 41
22) The width of a box is one third of its length. The height of the box is one half
of its width. If the length of the box is 27 cm, what is the volume of the box?
A. 64 cm3 D. 768 cm3
B. 346 cm3 E. 1,059 cm3
C. 512 cm3
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23) What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular to the line 9x − 3y = 27?
A. −3 D. 6
B. −
1 E. 9
3
C. −1
24) A cruise line ship left Port A and traveled 60 miles due west and then 80 miles
due north. At this point, what is the shortest distance from the cruise to port A?
A. 60 miles D. 100 miles
B. 120 miles E. 40 miles
C. 150 miles
25) The Jackson Library is ordering some bookshelves. If 𝑥 is the number of
bookshelves the library wants to order, which each cost $150 and there is a one-
time delivery charge of $350, which of the following represents the total cost,
in dollar, per bookshelf?
A. 150x + 350 150x+350
D.
x
B. 150 + 350x
E. 150x − 350
150x+350
C.
150
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS
SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 1
Quantitative 2
❖ 25 Questions.
❖ Total time for this test: 30 Minutes.
❖ Calculators are not allowed at the test.
Administered Month Year
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1) Which of the following expression is NOT equal to 8?
1 8
A. 24 × D. 7 ×
3 7
1
B. 20 × 0.4 E. 8 ×
8
C. 5 × 1.6
2) When number 53,502 is divided by 303, the result is closest to?
A. 17.6 D. 175
B. 17.5 E. 176
C. 177
3) If Jason’s mark is k more than Alex, and Jason’s mark is 16, which of the
following can be Alex’s mark?
A. 16 + k D. 16k
B. k − 16 E. 16 − k
k
C.
16
4) To paint a wall with the area of 14m2 , how many liters of paint do we need if
each liter of paint is enough to paint a wall with dimension of 56 cm × 100 cm?
A. 25 D. 180
B. 120 E. 50
C. 130
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11
5) 210 − 17 =?
24
1 13
A. 193 D. 193
2 24
1 13
B. 192 E. 192
4 24
13
C. 206
24
6) The price of a sofa is decreased by 35% to $416. What was its original price?
A. $145.6 D. $561.6
B. $270.4 E. $1,188.6
C. $640
7) A driver rests one hour and 14 minutes for every 3 hours driving. How many
minutes will he rest if he drives 15 hours?
A. 7 hours
B. 5 hours and 20 minutest
C. 4 hours and 10 minutest
D. 5 hours and 40 minutest
E. 6 hours and 10 minutest
8) What is the missing term in the given sequence?
4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 19, 25, ___, 40
A. 23 D. 27
B. 22 E. 32
C. 28
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Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following graph
A library has 760 books that include Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, English
and History.
𝛼°
𝛾°
𝛽°
9) What is the product of the number of Mathematics and number of English books?
A. 4,332 D. 418
B. 43,320 E. 342
C. 44,180
10) What are the values of angle α and β respectively?
A. 90˚, 54˚ D. 36˚, 90˚
B. 90˚, 36˚ E. 108˚, 45˚
C. 120˚, 45˚
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11) Find the perimeter of following shape.
A. 35
8
2
B. 37
4
2
C. 39
2 2 5
D. 42
10
E. 46
12) If 5y + 4 < 29, then y could be equal to?
A. 5 D. 4.5
B. 7 E. 8.5
C. 6.5
13) The capacity of a red box is 60% bigger than the capacity of a blue box. If the
red box can hold 85 equal sized books, how many of the same books can the
blue box hold?
A. 8
B. 15
C. 28
D. 53
E. 45
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14) If the area of the following rectangular ABCD is 160, and E is the midpoint of
AB, what is the area of the shaded part?
A. 25
B. 40
C. 80
D. 65
E. 85
15) There are 12 marbles in the bag A and 16 marbles in the bag B. If the sum of
the marbles in both bags will be shared equally between two children, how many
marbles bag A has less than the marbles that each child will receive?
A. 2 D. 5
B. 3 E. 4
C. 6
16) There are 50.2 liters of gas in a car fuel tank. In the first week and second week
of April, the car uses 5.28 and 38.5 liters of gas respectively. If the car was park
in the third week of April and 22.15 liters of gas will be added to the fuel tank,
how many liters of gas are in the fuel tank of the car?
A. 61.16 D. 27.75
B. 28.57 E. 51.61
C. 47
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17) If the perimeter of the following figure be 30, what is the value of x?
A. 1
𝒙 𝒙
B. 2
C. 8 6
4 4
D. 9 4
6
E. 10
18) If 6𝑥 + y = 42 and 𝑥 − z = 15, what is the value of x?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 5 D. 12
E. it cannot be determined from the information given
19) If a × b is divisible by 3, which of the following expression must also be
divisible by 3?
a
A. a + b D.
3b
B. 3a + b E. 5 × a × b
C. a + 3b
20) What is the average of circumference of figure A and area of figure B? (π = 3)
A. 30 10 in
B. 31 3 in
12 in
C. 69
D. 33 Figure A Figure B
E. 36
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21) In the following figure, point Q lies on the line n, what is the value of y if 𝑥 = 10?
A. 15
B. 70
𝒚o
C. 50 2𝒙o
10
𝒚o 𝒙o
D. 30 n
Q
E. 80
5
22) Which of the following could be the value of 𝑥 if + 𝑥 > 2?
8
1 4
A. D.
2 3
1 8
B. E.
5 3
6
C.
5
23) 834 ÷ 3 =?
800 30 4 800 30 4
A. × × D. ÷ ÷
3 3 3 3 3 3
30 4 8 1 4
B. 800 + + E. + +
3 3 3 3 3
800 30 4
C. + +
3 3 3
24) If a gas tank can hold 35 gallons, how many gallons does it contain when it is
2
full?
7
A. 10 D. 7
B. 22.5 E. 3
C. 30
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25) A number is chosen at random from 1 to 10. Find the probability of not selecting
a composite number (A composite number is a number that is divisible by itself,
1 and at least one other whole number).
3 D. 3
A.
10
1 E. 2
B.
5
2
C.
5
STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS
SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 2
Quantitative 1
❖ 25 Questions.
❖ Total time for this test: 30 Minutes.
❖ Calculators are not allowed at the test.
Administered Month Year
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1) What is the value of the “5” in number 213.583?
A. 5 ones D. 5 tens
B. 5 tenths E. 5 thousandths
C. 5 hundredths
2) 0.03 × 25.00 =?
A. 7.5 D. 7.05
B. 75.00 E. 0.075
C. 0.75
2
3) Two third of 24 is equal to of what number?
7
A. 14 D. 10.3
B. 27 E. 86
C. 56
4) If 𝑥 – 30 = −30, then 𝑥 × 6 =?
A. 10 D. 90
B. 30 E. 0
C. 60
5) Mia plans to buy a bracelet for every one of her 21 friends for their party. There
are four bracelets in each pack. How many packs must she buy?
A. 4 D. 7
B. 5 E. 12
C. 6
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6) If Logan ran 4.5 miles in half an hour, his average speed was?
A. 2.25 miles per hour
B. 4.5 miles per hour
C. 6.75 miles per hour
D. 9 miles per hour
E. 12 miles per hour
7) A pizza maker has 𝑥 lb. of flour to make pizzas. After he has used 68 lb. of flour,
how much flour is left? The expression that correctly represents the quantity of
flour left is:
A. 68 + x D. x − 68
68
B. E. 68x
x
C. 68 − x
8) The distance between cities A and B is approximately 4,215 miles. If Alice
drives an average of 45 miles per hour, how many hours will it take Alice to
drive from city A to city B?
A. Approximately 94 hours
B. Approximately 45 hours
C. Approximately 38 hours
D. Approximately 26 hours
E. Approximately 47 hours
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9) Given the diagram, what is the perimeter of the quadrilateral?
A. 60
12 cm
B. 70
15 cm
C. 720 35 cm
8 cm
D. 26,540
E. 42,420
10) In a classroom of 80 students,52 is female. What percentage of the class is male?
A. 27% D. 18%
B. 35% E. 19%
C. 29%
11) An employee’s rating on performance appraisals for the last three quarters were
80, 65 and 74. If the required yearly average to qualify for the promotion is 75,
what rating should the fourth quarter be?
A. 65 D. 61
B. 80 E. 52
C. 75
12) A steak dinner at a restaurant costs $4.75. If a man buys a steak dinner for himself
and 3 friends, what will the total cost be?
A. $19 D. $26.1
B. $13.05 E. 13
C. $38
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13) A cruise line ship left Port A and traveled 60 miles due west and then 80 miles
due north. At this point, what is the shortest distance from the cruise to port A?
A. 100 miles D. 90 miles
B. 50 miles E. 80 miles
C. 130 miles
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following data
The result of a research shows the number of men and women in four cities of a
country.
1000
NUMBER OF MAN AND WOMAN × 1000
950
900
850
800
750 700
700 665
650 600
600 570 550
528
550
500
450
400
350 300 291
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
A B C D
CITIES
Man Woman
14) What's the ratio of percentage of women in city D to percentage of men in city
A?
A. 0.90 D. 0.008
B. 0.05 E. 0.95
C. 0.85
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15) What's the minimum ratio of men to women in the four cities?
A. 0.98 D. 1.03
B. 0.97 E. 1.04
C. 1.06
16) How many women should be added to city C until the ratio of women to men
will be 2?
A. 369 D. 302
B. 563 E. 405
C. 735
17) Last week 16,000 fans attended a football match. This week three times as many
bought tickets, but one sixth of them cancelled their tickets. How many are
attending this week?
A. 48,000 D. 62,000
B. 44,000 E. 44,000
C. 40,000
18) What is the slope of the line that is perpendicular to the line with equation 4𝑥 +
y = 16?
1
A. D. 4
4
1
B. − E. −4
4
37
C.
12
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19) In the following figure, MN is 36 cm. How long is ON?
A. 15 cm
B. 24 cm M O N
C. 35 cm
D. 12 cm 2𝑥 4𝑥
E. 30 cm
20) Solve the following equation for y?
𝑥 y
=
3+6 15−8
7
A. 𝑥 D. 7𝑥
9
1
9 E. 𝑥
B. 𝑥 9
7
C. 9𝑥
4
21) √𝑥 33 =?
A. 𝑥 8 √𝑥
4
D. 𝑥 29
B. 8 √𝑥
4
E. 𝑥 8 √𝑥
C. 4𝑥 8.25
22) John traveled 240 km in 6 hours and Alice traveled 270 km in 3 hours. What is
the ratio of the average speed of John to average speed of Alice?
A. 8: 9 D. 3: 6
B. 2: 1 E. 12: 9
C. 4: 9
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23) What is the difference of smallest 4–digit number and biggest 4–digit number?
A. 6,666 D. 8,999
B. 7,899 E. 9,999
C. 8,888
24) Rectangle A has a length of 8 cm and a width of 4cm, and rectangle B has a
length of 7 cm and a width of 3 cm, what is the percent of ratio of the perimeter
of rectangle B to rectangle A?
A. 28% D. 83%
B. 35% E. 103.3%
C. 52%
25) In 1999, the average worker's income increased $2,000 per year starting from
$24,000 annual salary. Which equation represents income greater than average?
(I = income, x = number of years after 1999)
A. I > 2,000 𝑥 + 24,000
B. I > – 2,000 𝑥 + 24,000
C. I < 2,000 𝑥 – 24,000
D. I < 24,000 𝑥 – 2,000
E. I < 24,000 𝑥 + 2,000
STOP
YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED; YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS
SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 2
Quantitative 2
❖ 25 Questions.
❖ Total time for this test: 30 Minutes.
❖ Calculators are not allowed at the test.
Administered Month Year
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1) 0.55 × 12.6 = ?
A. 6.93 D. 6.935
B. 6.965 E. 6.635
C. 6.956
2 1
2) 3 × 2 =?
7 5
1 35
A. 36 D. 7
6 3
3 21
B. 5 E. 7
35 5
8
C. 7
35
2 4
3) If of a number equal to 24 then of the same number is:
5 3
A. 32 D. 20
B. 35 E. 40
C. 80
4) Which of the following is a whole number ?
5 6 D. 6.5 + 1
A. ×
2 7
1 1 5
B. + E. 2.5 +
4 8 2
81
C.
6
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5) We can put 21 colored pencils in each box, and we have 420 colored pencils.
How many boxes do we need?
A. 18 D. 15
B. 15 E. 20
C. 24
6) Sophia purchased a sofa for $471.25. The sofa is regularly priced at $725.
What was the percent discount Sophia received on the sofa?
A. 72.5% D. 35%
B. 65% E. 30%
C. 1.54%
7) How long does a 490–miles trip take moving at 60 miles per hour (mph)?
A. 8 hours D. 9 hours and 24 minutes
B. 8 hours and 24 minutes E. 9 hours and 45 minutes
C. 8 hours and 12 minutes
8) A swimming pool holds 7,500 cubic feet of water. The swimming pool is 25 feet
long and 10 feet wide. How deep is the swimming pool?
A. 30 feet D. 250 feet
B. 25 feet E. 75 feet
C. 12 feet
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9) A bank is offering 3.5% simple interest on a savings account. If you deposit
$15,000, how much interest will you earn in two years?
A. $1500 D. $1,050
B. $10,500
E. $525
C. $5,250
10) 5 cubed is the same as:
A. 25 D. 125
B. 15 E. 625
C. 5×5×5×5
11) In the figure below, line A is parallel to line B. What is the value of angle x?
A. 55 degree
A 55◦
B. 85 degree
C. 45 degree B
𝑥◦
D. 90 degree
E. 125 degree
12) A construction company is building a wall. The company can build 40 cm of
2
the wall per minute. After 50 minutes construction, of the wall is completed.
5
How high is the wall?
A. 10 m D. 15 m
B. 40 m E. 20 m
C. 50 m
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13) If y = 3ab + 5b³, what is y when a = 4 and b = 3?
A. 65 D. 81
E. 171
B. 39
C. 51
14) When a number is subtracted from 48 and the difference is divided by that
number, the result is 7. What is the value of the number?
A. 24 D. 14
B. 8 E. 7
C. 6
15) If car A drives 405 miles in 9 hours and car B drives the same distance in 8.1
hours, how many miles per hour does car B drive faster than car A?
A. 45 D. 15
B. 50 E. 5
C. 10
16) The ratio of boys to girls in a school is 4:3. If there are 560 students in a school,
how many boys are in the school?
A. 250 D. 120
B. 260 E. 320
C. 350
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(6+4)2
17) +5 = ?
4
A. 30 D. 45
B. 10 E.
15
4
C. 40
18) The area of a circle is 64 π. What is the circumference of the circle?
A. 8π D. 32 π
B. 24 π E. 128 π
C. 16 π
19) If 60% of 𝑥 equal to 30% of 20, then what is the value of (𝑥 + 5)2 ?
A. 1.55 D. 255
B. 15 E. 12,025
C. 15.01
20) What is the greatest common factor of 24 and 108?
A. 36 D. 18
B. 24 E. 9
C. 12
6
21) The length of a rectangle is times its width. If the width is 15, what is the
5
perimeter of this rectangle?
A. 35 D. 135
B. 25 E. 150
C. 66
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1 2
22) Find of of 168?
4 7
A. 9 D. 18
B. 12 E. 8
C. 48
23) If the interior angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1:3:5:6, what is the
measure of the smallest angle?
A. 18˚ D. 144˚
B. 24˚ E. 120˚
C. 72˚
24) A company pays its employee $8,000 plus 6% of all sales profit. If 𝑥 is the
number of all sales profit, which of the following represents the employee’s
revenue?
A. 0.06 𝑥 D. 0.94 𝑥 + 8,000
B. 0.94 𝑥 − 8,000
E. 6 𝑥 + 8,000
C. 0.06 𝑥 + 8,000
25) Which of the following shows the numbers in increasing order?
4 3 9 5 9 3 5 4
A. , , , C. , , ,
11 7 15 7 15 7 7 11
4 5 9 3 4 9 5 3
B. , , , D. , , ,
11 7 15 7 11 15 7 7
E. None of the above
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STOP
YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED; YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS
SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.
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Chapter 12 : Answers and Explanations
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Tests
Answer Key
Now, it’s time to review your results to see where you went wrong and what
areas you need to improve!
SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 1
Quantitative 1 Quantitative 2
1 D 16 D 1 E 16 B
2 C 17 C 2 C 17 C
3 A 18 A 3 E 18 E
4 C 19 B 4 A 19 E
5 D 20 D 5 D 20 D
6 B 21 B 6 C 21 B
7 A 22 D 7 E 22 E
8 C 23 B 8 E 23 C
9 D 24 D 9 B 24 A
10 B 25 D 10 D 25 C
11 A 11 D
12 B 12 D
13 C 13 D
14 B 14 C
15 D 15 A
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SSAT Upper-Level Practice Test 2
Quantitative 1 Quantitative 2
1 B 16 C 1 A 16 E
2 C 17 C 2 C 17 A
3 C 18 A 3 C 18 C
4 E 19 B 4 E 19 D
5 C 20 A 5 E 20 C
6 D 21 A 6 D 21 C
7 D 22 C 7 C 22 B
8 A 23 D 8 A 23 B
9 B 24 D 9 D 24 C
10 B 25 A 10 D 25 A
11 D 11 E
12 A 12 C
13 A 13 E
14 E 14 C
15 D 15 E
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Score Your Test
SSAT scores are broken down by its three sections: Verbal, Quantitative (or Math),
and Reading. A sum of the three sections is also reported.
For the Upper Level SSAT, the score range is 500-800, the lowest possible score a
student can earn is 500 and the highest score is 800 for each section. A student
1
receives 1 point for every correct answer and loses point for each incorrect answer.
4
No points are lost by skipping a question.
The total scaled score for an Upper Level SSAT is the sum of the scores for the
quantitative, verbal, and reading sections. A student will also receive a percentile
score of between 1-99% that compares that student’s test scores with those of other
test takers of same grade and gender from the past 3 years.
Use the following table to convert SSAT Upper-level raw score to scaled score.
SSAT Upper-Level Math Scaled Scores
Raw Scores Scaled Score
50 800
45 790
40 765
35 740
30 715
25 694
20 668
15 642
10 605
5 575
0 544
-5 512
- 10 and lower 500
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Practice Tests 1: Quantitative 1
Answers and Explanations
1) Answer: D.
24,292
1,000 24,292
24.292 ÷ 0.004 = 4 = = 6,073
4
1,000
2) Answer: C.
The digit in tens place is 8.
The digit in the thousandths place is 2. Therefore; 8 + 2 = 10
3) Answer: A.
First, find the number.
Let x be the number. Write the equation and solve for x.
140 % of a number is 70, then: 1.4 × x = 70 → x = 70 ÷ 1.4 = 50
70 % of 50 is: 0.7 × 50 = 35
4) Answer: C.
$288
The amount of money that Jack earns for one hour: = $12
24
Number of additional hours that he needs to work in order to make enough money
$396−$288
is: = 6; Number of total hours is: 24 + 6 = 30
1.5×$12
5) Answer: D.
3 1 5 1 25+2 27
1 + + 27×4 54
2 5
1 7 = 29 5
7 = 10
18−7 = 10
11 = 10×11 = 55 ≅ 0.98
4 − −
2 4 2 4 4 4
6) Answer: B.
1 ≤ x < 4 → Multiply all sides of the inequality by 4.
Then: 4 × 1 ≤ 4 × x < 4 × 4 → 4 ≤ 4x < 16
Add 3 to all sides. 4 + 3 ≤ 4x + 3 < 16 + 3 → 7 ≤ 4x + 3 < 19
Minimum value of 4x + 3 is 7
7) Answer: A.
600×4
Number of rotates in 4 second equals to: = 480
5
8) Answer: C.
45
Number of packs equal to: ≅ 5.625; Therefore, the school must purchase 6 packs.
8
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9) Answer: D.
24 24 24
+5=8→ = 8 − 5 = 3 → 24 = 3A → A = =8
A A 3
24 + A = 24 + 8 = 32
10) Answer: B.
sum of terms
Average = number of terms
The sum of the weight of all girls is: 30 × 60 = 1,800 kg
The sum of the weight of all boys is: 20 × 65 = 1,300 kg
The sum of the weight of all students is: 1,800 + 1,300 = 3,100 kg
3100
The average weight of the 50 students: = 62
50
11) Answer: A.
5 350×7
Let x be the capacity of one tank. Then, 7 x = 350 → x = = 490 Liters
5
The amount of water in two tanks is equal to: 2 × 490 = 980 Liters
12) Answer: B.
The smallest number is −18. To find the largest possible value of one of the other five integers,
we need to choose the smallest possible integers for four of them. Let x be the largest number.
Then: −90 = (−18) + (−17) + (−16) + (−15) + (−14) + x
→ −90 = −80 + x → x = −90 + 80 = −10
13) Answer: C.
Let’s review the choices provided:
A. number of books sold in June is: 195
780
Half the number of books sold in July is: = 390 → 195 < 390
2
B. number of books sold in May is: 1,120
1,120
Half the number of books sold in May is: = 560 → 560 ≠ 780
2
C. Number of books sold in April is: 390
390
Number of books sold in June is: 195 → =2
195
D. 390 + 195 = 585 < 780
E. 390 < 780 ; Only choice A is correct.
14) Answer: B.
2∎5 = √22 + 5 = √4 + 5 = √9 = 3
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15) Answer: D.
75
7.5 10 75×100 75 100
7.5 ÷ 0.15 = 0.15 = 15 = = 15 × = 5 × 10 = 50
15×10 10
100
16) Answer: D.
Let x be the cost of one-kilogram orange, then: 4x + (2 × 4.2) = 28.4
20
→ 4x + 8.4 = 28.4 → 4x = 28.4 − 8.4 → 4x = 20 → x = = $5
4
17) Answer: C.
Let’s review the choices provided.
A. 6. In 6 years, David will be 44 and Ava will be 16. 44 is not 3 times 16.
B. 5. In 5 years, David will be 43 and Ava will be 15. 43 is not 3 times 15.
C. 4. In 4 years, David will be 42 and Ava will be 14. 42 is 3 times 14!
D. 8. In 8 years, David will be 46 and Ava will be 18. 46 is not 3 times 18.
E. 12. In 12 years, David will be 50 and Ava will be 22. 50 is not 3 times 22.
18) Answer: A.
All angles in a triangle sum up to 180 degrees. Then: x = 25 + 125 = 150
19) Answer: B.
The area of the floor is: 4cm × 1 8cm = 72cm2
The number of tiles needed = 72÷ 9= 8
20) Answer: D.
Let b be the amount of time Alec can do the job, then,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2−1 1
+ b = 240 → 480 + b = 240 → b = 240 − 480 = = 480
a 480
Then: b = 480 minutes
21) Answer: B.
Choices A, C and D are incorrect because 80% of each of the numbers is non-whole number.
A. 19, 80% of 19 = 0.80 × 19 = 15.2
B. 35, 80% of 35 = 0.80 × 35 = 38
C. 41, 80% of 41 = 0.80 × 41 = 32.8
D. 34, 80% of 57 = 0.80 × 34 = 27.2
E. 23, 80% of 23 = 0.80 × 23 = 18.4
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22) Answer: D.
If the length of the box is 24, then the width of the box is one third of it, 8, and the height of
the box is 4 (one half of the width). The volume of the box is:
V = (length)(width)(height) = (24) (8) (4) = 768 cm3
23) Answer: B.
The equation of a line in slope intercept form is: y = mx + b. Solve for y.
9x − 3y = 27 ⇒ −3y = 27 − 9x ⇒ y = (27 − 9x) ÷ (−3) ⇒ y = 3x − 9
The slope is 3. The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is:
1
m1 × m2 = −1 ⇒ 3 × m2 = −1 ⇒ m2 = − 3
24) Answer: D.
Use the information provided in the question to draw the shape.
Use Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2 80
2 2 2
60 + 80 = c ⇒ 3600 + 6400 = c 2⇒ 2
10,000 = c ⇒ c = 100 miles
Port A
25) Answer: D. 60 miles
The amount of money for x bookshelf is: 150x
Then, the total cost of all bookshelves is equal to: 150x + 350
Total cost 150x+350
The total cost, in dollar, per bookshelf is: number of items = x
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Practice Tests 1: Quantitative 2
Answers and Explanations
1) Answer: E.
Let’s review the options provided:
1 24
A. 24 × 3 = =8=8
3
4 80
B. 20 × 10 = 10 = 8 = 8
16 80
C. 5 × 10 = 10 = 8 = 8
8 56
D. 7 × 7 = =8=8
7
1 8
E. 8 × 8 = 8 = 1 ≠ 8
2) Answer: C.
53,502
≅ 176.5742 ≅ 177
303
3) Answer: E.
Alex’s mark is k less than Jason’s mark. Then, from the choices provided Alex’s mark can
only be 16 − k.
4) Answer: A.
The Area that one liter of paint is required: 56cm × 100cm = 5,600cm2
Remember: 1 m2 = 10,000 cm2 (100 × 100 = 10,000), Then 5,600cm2 = 0.56 m2
14
Number of liters of paint we need: 0.56 = 25 liters
5) Answer: D.
11 24 11 13
210 − 17 24 = (209 − 17) + (24 − 24) = 192 24
6) Answer: C.
Let x be the original price. If the price of the sofa is decreased by 35% to $416, then:
65 % of x = 416 ⇒ 0.65x = 416 ⇒ x = 416 ÷ 0.65 = 640
7) Answer: E.
15
Number of times that the driver rests = =5
3
Driver’s rest time = 1 hour and 14 min = 74 minutes. Then, 5 × 74 min = 370 minutes
1 hour = 60 minutes → 360 minutes = 6 hours → 370 minutes= 6 h and 10 min
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8) Answer: E.
Find the difference of each pairs of numbers: 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 19, 25, ___, 40
The difference of 4 and 5 is 1, 5 and 7 is 2, 7 and 10 is 3, 10 and 14 is 4, 14 and 19 is 5, 19
and 25 is 6, 25 and next number should be 7. The number is 25 + 7 = 32
9) Answer: B.
Number of Mathematics book: 0.3 × 760 = 228
Number of English books: 0.25 × 760 = 190
Product of number of Mathematics and English books: 228 × 190 = 43,320
10) Answer: D.
The angle α is: 0.1 × 360 = 36°
The angle β is: 0.25 × 360 = 90°
11) Answer: D.
x+2 =2+2+2→ x =4 8 2
𝑥 4
y + 8 + 4 = 10 + 5 → y + 12 = 15 → y = 3 𝑦 2
Then, the perimeter is: 2 2 5
2 + 10 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 8 + 4 + 3 = 42 10
12) Answer: D.
5y + 4 < 29 → 5y < 29 − 4 → 5y < 25 → y < 5
The only choice that is less than 5 is D.
13) Answer: D.
The capacity of a red box is 60% bigger than the capacity of a blue box and it can hold 85
books. Therefore, we want to find a number that 60% bigger than that number is 85. Let x be
85
that number. Then: 1.60 × x = 85, Divide both sides of the equation by 1.5. Then: x = 1.60 =
53.12 = 53
14) Answer: C.
Since, E is the midpoint of AB, then the area of all triangles DAE, DEF, CFE and CBE are
equal.
Let x be the area of one of the triangles, then: 4x =
160 → x = 40
The area of DEC = 2x = 2(40) = 80
F
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15) Answer: A.
16+12 28
= = 14 Then, 14 − 12 = 2
2 2
16) Answer: B.
Amount of available petrol in tank: 50.2 − 5.28 − 38.5 + 22.15 = 28.57 liters
17) Answer: C.
Let’s review the choices provided:
A. x = 1 → The perimeter of the figure is:4 + 6 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 16 ≠ 30
B. x = 2 → The perimeter of the figure is: 4 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 18 ≠ 30
C. x = 8 → The perimeter of the figure is: 4 + 6 + 4 + 8 + 8 = 30 = 30
D. x = 9 → The perimeter of the figure is: 4 + 6 + 4 + 9 + 9 = 32 ≠ 30
E. x = 10 → The perimeter of the figure is: 4 + 6 + 4 + 10 + 10 = 34 ≠ 30
18) Answer: E.
We have two equations and three unknown variables, therefore x cannot be obtained.
19) Answer: E.
18
Let put some values for a and b. If a = 9 and b = 2 → a × b = 18 → = 6 → 18 is
3
divisible by 3 then.
A. a + b = 9 + 2 = 11 is not divisible by 3
B. 3a + b = (3 × 9) + 2 = 27 + 2 = 29 is not divisible by 3
C. a + 3b = 9 + (3 × 2) = 9 + 6 = 15 is divisible by 3
33
If a = 11 and b = 3 → a × b = 33 → = 11 is divisible by 3 then; a + 3b = 11 +
3
(3 × 3) = 11 + 9 = 20 is not divisible by 3
a 11
D. = is not divisible by 3
3b 9
E. 5 × 11 × 3 = 165
165 is divisible by 3. If you try any other numbers for a and b, you will get the same result
20) Answer: D.
12
Perimeter of figure A is: 2πr = 2π = 12π = 12 × 3 = 36
2
Area of figure B is: 3 × 10 = 30
36+30 66
Average = = = 33
2 2
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21) Answer: B.
The angles on a straight line add up to 180 degrees. Let’s review the choices provided: (𝑥 +
10 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10 = 180)
A. 𝑦 = 15 → 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10 = 30 + 2(15) + 10 = 70 ≠ 180
B. 𝑦 = 70 → 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10= 30 + 2(70) + 10 = 180
C. 𝑦 = 50 → 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10= 30 + 2(50) + 10 = 140 ≠ 180
D. 𝑦 = 30 → 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10= 30 + 2(30) + 10 = 100 ≠ 180
E. 𝑦 = 80 → 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10= 30 + 2(80) + 10 = 200 ≠ 180
22) Answer: E.
Let’s review the choices provided:
1 5 1 5+4 9
A. x = 2 → 8 + 2 = = 8 ≅ 1.13 < 2
8
1 5 1 25+8 33
B. x = 5 → +5= = 40 ≅ 0.83 < 2
8 40
6 5 6 25+48 73
C. x = 5 → +5= = 40 ≅ 1.83 < 2
8 40
2 5 2 15+16 19
D. x = 3 → +3= = 24 ≅ 1.29 < 2
8 24
8 5 8 15+64 79
E. x = 3 → 8 + 3 = = 24 ≅ 3.30 > 3
24
Only choice E is correct.
23) Answer: C.
834 800+30+4 800 30 4
834 ÷ 3 = = = + +3
3 3 3 3
24) Answer: A.
2 70
× 35 = = 10
7 7
25) Answer: C.
Set of numbers that are not composite between 1 and 10: A= {2, 3, 5, 7}
number of desired outcomes 4 2
Probability = = =5
number of total outcomes 10
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Practice Tests 2: Quantitative 1
Answers and Explanations
1) Answer: B.
Digit 5 is in the tenths place.
2) Answer: C.
3 25 75
0.03 × 25.00 = 100 × = 100 = 0.75
1
3) Answer: C.
Let x be the number. Write the equation and solve for x.
2 2 2×24 2x
× 24 = x→ = , use cross multiplication to solve for x.
3 7 3 7
7 × 48 = 3 × 2x ⇒ 336 = 6x ⇒ x = 56
4) Answer: E.
x −30= −30 → x = −30 + 30 → x = 0, Then;x × 6 = 0 × 6 = 0
5) Answer: C.
21
Number of packs needed equals to: ≅ 5.3
4
Then Mia must purchase 6 packs.
6) Answer: D.
4.5
His average speed was: 0.5 = 9 miles per hour
7) Answer: D.
The amount of flour is: x − 68
8) Answer: A.
4,215
The time it takes to drive from city A to city B is: = 93.67
45
It’s approximately 94 hours.
9) Answer: B.
The perimeter of the quadrilateral is: 8 + 15 + 12 + 35 = 70
10) Answer: B.
Number of males in the classroom is: 80 − 52 = 28
Then, the percentage of males in the classroom is:
28
× 100 = 0.35 × 100 = 35%
80
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11) Answer: D.
80+85+84+x
Let x be the fourth quarter rate, then: = 75; Multiply both sides of the above
4
80+65+74+x
equation by 4. Then: 4 × ( ) = 4 × 75
4
→ 80 + 65 + 74 + x = 300 → 219 + x = 280 → x = 280 − 219 = 61
12) Answer: A.
For one person the total cost is: $4.75
Therefore, for four persons, the total cost is:4 × $4.75 = $19
13) Answer: A.
Use the information provided in the question to draw the shape.
Use Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c 2
80
602 + 802 = c 2 ⇒ 3600 + 6400 = c 2 miles
⇒ 10,000 = c 2 ⇒ c = 100 Port A
60 miles
14) Answer: E
528
Percentage of women in city D = × 100 = 48.98%
1,078
600
Percentage of men in city A= × 100 = 51.29%
1,170
48.98
Percentage of women in city D to percentage of men in city A: = 0.95
51.29
15) Answer: D
600
Ratio of men to women in city A: 570=1.05
300
Ratio of men to women in city B: 291=1.03
700
Ratio of men to women in city C: 665=1.05
550
Ratio of men to women in city D: 528=1.04
16) Answer: C.
Let the number of women should be added to city C be x, then:
665 + x
= 2 → 665 + x = 700 × 2 = 1,400 → x = 735
700
17) Answer: C.
Three times of 16,000 is 48,000. One sixth of them cancelled their tickets.
One sixth of 48,000 equal 8,000 (1/6 × 48,000 = 8,000).
40,000 (48,000 – 8,000 = 40,000) fans are attending this week
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18) Answer: A.
The equation of a line in slope intercept form is: y = mx + b
Solve for y. 4x + y = 16 ⇒ y = −4x + 16
The slope of this line is −4.
The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is:
1
m1 × m2 = −1 ⇒ −4 × m2 = −1 ⇒ m2 = 4
19) Answer: B.
36
The length of MN is equal to: 2x + 4x = 6x, Then: 6x = 36 → x = =6
6
The length of ON is equal to: 4x = 4 × 6 = 24 cm
20) Answer: A.
x y x y 7
= 15−8 → 9 = 7 → 7x = 9y → y = 9 x
3+6
21) Answer: A.
4 4 4 32
√x 33 = √x 32 × x = √x 32 × 4√x = x 4 × 4√x = x 8 4√x
22) Answer: C.
The average speed of John is: 240 ÷ 6 = 40 km
The average speed of Alice is: 270 ÷ 3 = 90 km
Write the ratio and simplify. 40: 90 ⇒ 4: 9
23) Answer: D.
Smallest 4–digit number is 1,000, and biggest 4–digit number is 9,999.
The difference is: 8999
24) Answer: D.
Perimeter of rectangle A is equal to: 2 × (8 + 4) = 2 × 12 = 24
Perimeter of rectangle B is equal to: 2 × (7 + 3) = 2 × 10 = 20
20
Therefore: 24 × 100 = 0.83 × 100 = 83%
25) Answer: A.
Let x be the number of years. Therefore, $2,000 per year equals 2,000x.
Starting from $24,000 annual salary means you should add that amount to 2,000x.
Income more than that is: I > 2,000 x + 24,000
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SSAT Upper-Level Math Prep
Practice Tests 2: Quantitative 2
Answers and Explanations
1) Answer: A.
55 126 55×126 6,930
0.55 × 12.6 = 100 × = 100×10 = = 6.93
10 1000
2) Answer: C.
2 1 23 11 23×11 253 8
37 × 25 = × = = = 7 35
7 5 5×7 35
3) Answer: C.
2 5×24 4 4
Let x be the number, then; x = 24 → x = = 60; Therefore: x = 3 × 60 = 80
5 2 3
4) Answer: E.
5 6 30
A. × 7 = 14 is not equal to whole number
2
1 1 2+1 3
B. +8= = 8 is not equal to whole number
4 8
81 27
C. = = 13.5 is not equal to whole number
6 2
D. 6.5 + 1 = 7.5 is not equal to whole number
5
E. 2.5 + = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5 is a whole number
2
5) Answer: E.
420 60
Number of boxes equal to: = = 20
21 3
6) Answer: D.
The question is this: 471.25 is what percent of 725?
percent
Use percent formula: Part = × whole
100
percent percent ×725
471.25 = × 725→ 471.25 = → 47,125 = percent × 725, Then,
100 100
47,125
Percent = = 65
725
471.25 is 65 % of 725. Therefore, the discount is: 100% – 65% = 35%
7) Answer: C.
Use distance formula:Distance = Rate × time
⇒ 490 = 60 × T, divide both sides by 60. 490 / 60 = T ⇒ T = 8.2 hours.
Change hours to minutes for the decimal part. 0.2 hours = 0.2 × 60 = 12 minutes
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8) Answer: A.
Use formula of rectangle prism volume.
V = (length) (width) (height) ⇒ 7,500 = (25)(10) (height) ⇒ height =7,500 ÷ 250 = 30
9) Answer: D.
Use simple interest formula: I = prt (I = interest, p = principal, r = rate, t = time)
I = (15,000)(0.035)(2) = $1,050
10) Answer: D.
5 cubed is: 5 × 5 × 5 = 25 × 5 = 125
11) Answer: E.
The angle x and 55 are complementary angles. Therefore:
x + 55 = 180 ⇒ x = 180° − 55° ⇒ x = 125°
12) Answer: C.
40 cm
The rate of construction company = = 40 cm/min
1 min
40 cm
Height of the wall after 50 min= 1 min × 50 min = 2,000 cm
2 5×2,000
Let x be the height of wall, then 5 x = 2,000 cm→ x = → x = 5,000 cm = 50 m
2
13) Answer: E.
y = 3ab + 5b³; Plug in the values of a and b in the equation: a = 3 and b = 2
y = 3 (4) (3) + 5 (3)3 = 36 + 5(27) = 36 + 135 = 171
14) Answer: C.
Let’s review the choices provided:
24
A. 48 − 24 = 24 → 24 = 1 ≠ 7
40
B. 48 − 8 = 40 → 48 = 5 ≠ 7
42
C. 48 − 6 = 42 → =7=7
6
34 17
D. 48 − 14 = 34 → 14 = ≠7
7
41
E. 48 − 7 = 41 → ≠7
7
15) Answer: E.
405
Speed of car A is: = 45 Km/h
9
405
Speed of car B is: = 50 Km/h → 50 − 45= 5 Km/h
8.1
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16) Answer: E.
The ratio of boys to girls is 4:3. Therefore, there are 4 boys out of 7 students. To find the
answer, first divide the total number of students by 7, then multiply the result by 3.
560 ÷ 7 = 80 ⇒ 80 × 4 = 320
17) Answer: A.
(6+4)2 (10)2 100
+5= +5= + 5 = 25 + 5 = 30
4 4 4
18) Answer: C.
Use the formula of the area of circles.
Area = πr 2 ⇒ 64 π = πr 2 ⇒ 64 = r 2 ⇒ r = 8
Radius of the circle is 8. Now, use the circumference formula:
Circumference = 2πr = 2π (8) = 16 π
19) Answer: D.
0.6x = (0.3) × 20 → x = 10 → (x + 5)2 = (10 + 5)2 = (15)2 = 225
20) Answer: C.
Prime factorizing of 24= 3 × 2 × 2 × 2
Prime factorizing of 108= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
GCF= 2 × 2× 3 = 12
21) Answer: C.
6
Length of the rectangle is: 5 × 15 = 18
Perimeter of rectangle is: 2 × (15 + 18) = 66
22) Answer: B.
2 2
Of 168= 7 × 168 = 48
7
1 1
Of 48 =4 × 48 = 12
4
23) Answer: B.
The sum of all angles in a quadrilateral is 360 degrees.
Let x be the smallest angle in the quadrilateral. Then the angles are: x, 3x, 5x, 6x
x + 3x + 5x + 6x = 360 → 15x = 360 → x = 24
The angles in the quadrilateral are 24°, 72°, 120°, and 144°
The smallest angle is 24 degrees.
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24) Answer: C.
𝑥 is the number of all sales profit and 6% of it is:
6% × x = 0.06x
Employee’s revenue: 0.06x + 8,000
25) Answer: A.
3 5 9 4
≅ 0.43; ≅ 0.71; ≅ 0.6; = 0.36
7 7 15 11
“End”
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