UNIT
8
Causative
Form,
Conditional
Sentences
Type 3, & ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Bhd
Causative
Form
• The causative form is used
when a person or a subject
causes another person or
another thing to do
something or change the
state of a situation or
event.
• Causatives mean that
subjects do not do the
action on their own, but
they somehow are
involved in the cause of ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Basic Structures of
Causative Form
• First structure is similar to an active form and the
other is like a passive form.
• Examples: (Using the causative verb “make”)
Active
• Mr. Lee made the students participate in the
literature competition.
(Mr. Lee persuaded the students to take part in the
literature competition.)
Passive
• The students were made to participate in the
literature competition by Mr. Lee.
(Mr. Lee persuaded someone to take part in the
competition, in this case,
‘the students’.) ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Examples of
1
Causative Structures
Subject + get/have/make (any tense) +
object (person) + base form of verb
1. I need to get my classmates clean our
classroom.
2. Did you get your little brother do his
homework?
3. Sally had her English teacher review
her essay.
4. Fara is not having her sister borrow
her shirts.
5. The coach made the soccer team ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Examples of
Causative Structures
2 Subject + get/have/make (any tense)
+ object (thing) + participle form of
verb
1. I need to get the classroom cleaned. (by my
classmates)
2. Did you get the homework done? (by your little
brother)
3. Sally had her essay reviewed. (by her English
teacher)
4. Fara is not having her shirts borrowed. (by her
sister)
5. The coach made extra practice to be attended. (by
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Practice 1: Rewrite the following sentences using the Let's
causative form with the given verb. Give a
Try!
1. She cleans her room every week.
2. They repair their bicycles at the shop.
3. He cuts his hair at the barber shop.
4. Maria’s sister teaches her how to play the piano.
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
1. She has her room cleaned every week. Answer
2. They get their bicycles repaired at the shop.
s
3. He has his hair cut at the barber shop.
4. Maria makes her sister teach her how to play the piano.
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Condition
al • Refer to present
circumstances which would
Sentence turn out differently if certain
s (Type 3) actions have been done in
the past.
• Structure: If + past perfect
>> would have (any modal
auxiliary) + past participle.
• Example: If he had studied
harder, he would have
passed the exam.
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Conditional
Sentences
(Type 3)
Common
Mistakes
If you would have told me you needed a ride, I
would have left earlier.
If you had told me you needed a ride, I would
have left earlier.
If I hadn’t
(Don't usecleaned
a modalthe house,verb
auxiliary I could go to
in the if-
the movies.
clause.)
If I hadn’t cleaned the house, I could have
gone to the movies.
(modal auxiliary + have + past ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Practice 2: Complete the following sentences using the
Let's
Give a
correct form of the verbs.
1. If she ________ (study) harder, she would have passed
the
Try!
test.
2. If they had left earlier, they ________ (not miss) the bus.
3. I would have bought the book if I ________ (have)
enough
money.
4. She ________ (feel) better now if she had taken the
medicine.
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
had studied Answer
1. If she _________ (study) harder, she would have passed
the
would not
s
test. have
missed
had (not miss) the bus.
2. If they had left earlier, they __________
3. I would have bought the book if I ________ (have) enough
would
have felt
money.
4. She ________ (feel) better now if she had taken the
medicine.
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Wish/If
Talk about
things that we
would like to be
only different in
either the
present or the
1) Wish/If only + Past Simple past. If only is
• I wish / If only I bought that bookusulast
ally a bit
week. stronger than
2) Wish/If only + Past Perfect Simple wish.
• I wish / If only I had joined my friends in
the drama performance last year.
3) Wish/If only + could + infinitive
• I wish / If only I could participate in the
school charity event.
4) Wish/If only + would + infinitive
• I wish / If only my group members would
contribute equally to the presentation. ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Practice 3: Rewrite the following sentences starting with
Let's
Give a
the words given.
1. I feel frustrated that I didn’t study abroad when I had the
chance.
Try!
I wish ______________________________________________
2. It’s unfortunate that I didn’t take the scholarship offer last
year.
I wish ______________________________________________
3. He should have spend more time with his grandparents before
they
passed away.
If only ______________________________________________
4. It’s a pity that I didn’t save more money when I was younger.
If only ______________________________________________ ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Answer
1. I feel frustrated that I didn’t study abroad when I had the
s
chance. I had studied abroad when I had the chance.
I wish ______________________________________________
I took the scholarship
2. It’s unfortunate offer take
that I didn’t last year.
the scholarship offer last
year.
I wish ______________________________________________
he could
3. He should have
have spentmore
spend moretime
timewith
withhis
his grandparents
grandparents before
before
they they passed away.
passed away.
I had saved more money when I was younger.
If only ______________________________________________
4. It’s a pity that I didn’t save more money when I was younger. ©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn
Well
Don
e!
©Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn