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Coding-Decoding Questions Explained

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Coding-Decoding Questions Explained

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Coding-Decoding Questions Answers with Explanation:

1. (b) Here every letter is coded as one previous letter of English Alphabet.

2. (a) The letters are written in the reversed order.

3. (c) Here, the letters at odd places is decreased by one and the letters at even places is
increased by one according to the English alphabet.

4. (d) Here, the code for T = A, R = B, Y = C, S = D, H = E, A = F, P = G, and E = H. therefore the


code for THREE is AEBHH.

5. (d) Here, the code for A = I, N = J, G = K, L = M, E = N, S = O, T = P, R = Q, I = R and K = S.


Therefore the code for TRIANGLE is PQRIJKMN.

6. (a) Here, the code for B = Z, R = Y, A = X, I = W, N = V, C = U and T = S. Therefore the code


for CERTAIN is UTYSXWV.

7. (b) Here, the code for T = k, E = l, A = m, C = n, H = o and R = p. Therefore the code for
EARTH is lmpko.

8. (d) Here, the code for O = A, U = B, G = C, H = D and T = E. Then, the code for TOUGH is
EABCD.

9. (b) Here, the code for B = K, I = L, T = M, E = N and R = O. Then, the code for TRIBE is
MOLKN.

10. (d) Here, the code for G = A, R = B, O = C, W = D and N = E. Then, the code for WRONG is
DBCEA.

11. (b) Here, F = 6, CAT = 3 + 1 + 20 = 24. Therefore, WORD = 23 + 15 + 18 + 4 = 60.

12. (a) In English Alphabet D comes at 4th Place, O comes at 15th place and G comes at 7th
place, then DOG can be coded as 4157, Similarly BLUE can be coded as 212215.

13. (c) here, E = 2, U = 5, A = 1, Then clearly the code for EQUAL is 2R51M.

14. (d) Here, N =(14 + 2), FAN = (6 + 2) +(1 + 2) + (14 + 2),

Therefore, FRANCE = (6 + 2) + (18 + 2) + (1 + 2) + (14 + 2) + (3 + 2) + (5 + 2) = 59.

15. (c) Here, P = 2, R=7,A=5, B = 9, A =5 and T = 3, H = 6, I = 8, L =4, A = 5, K =1, Then clearly


the code for BHARATI is 9657538.
16. (d) Here, in the first and third statements, the common code symbol is $ and the
common word is ‘pencil. So, $ means pencil. Thus is the first statement % means pen.

17. (d) Values of different letters on the basis of Matrix I and Matrix II:

From matrix I, M can be coded as 02, 14, 21, 33 or 40, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32
or 44 and S can be coded as 03, 10, 22, 34 or 41.

From matrix II, T can be coded as 56, 68, 75, 87 or 99.

Clearly, (d) is the only set of correct codes.

18.(c) Values of different letters on the basis of Matrix I and Matrix II:

From matrix I, R can be coded as 04, 11, 23, 30 or 42 and , O can be coded as 01, 13, 20,
32 or 44.

From matrix II, A can be coded as 55, 67, 79, 86 or 98 and D can be coded as 57, 69, 76,
88 or 95.

Clearly, only (c) contains the correct codes.

19.(a) Values of different letters on the basis of Matrix I and Matrix II:

From matrix I, S can be coded as 03, 10, 22, 34 or 4l and O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32
or 44.

From matrix II, T can be coded as 56, 68, 75, 87 or 99 and P can be coded as 59, 66, 78,
85 or 97.

20.(b) Values of different letters on the basis of Matrix I and Matrix II:

From matrix I, F can be coded as 00, 12, 24, 31 or 43, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32 or
44 and M can be coded as 02, 14, 21, 33 or 40.

From matrix II, A can be coded as 55, 67, 79, 86 or 98.

21. WORKABLE => DLIPZYOV (opposite letters in the table below) => VOYZPILD (reversing the
order)
BLUNDERS => YOFMWVIH (opposite letters) => HIVWMFOY (reversing the order)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
22. Using Correct Symbols, We have:
Given expression = 30 / 2 + 3 x 6 - 5 = 15 + 18 - 5 = 28
23. The position of each alphabet in the word is written but in the reverse order. Like the
position of alphabets in the word BOWLER is 2, 15, 23, 12, 5, 18. So, the code is 1851223152.
24. Here, in the first and third statements, the common code symbol is $ and the common
word is ‘pencil. So, $ means pencil. Thus is the first statement % means pen.
25. #e6 – course; #e5 – craze; @04 – also
26. Changing the symbols as given in the problem the above expression is
=56÷7+13x11-15x8+2x7
We get, 8+143-120+14=165-120=45
27. 1 2 3   I am servant … (i)
1. 2 7 9   servant always miserable … (ii)
2. 6 8 4   poverty is curse … (iii)
3. From equations (i) and (ii),
4. 2  Servant
ii.  1  I/am
1. 3  I/am
2. 7  always/miserable
3. 9  always/miserable
iii.  Always  7 or 9
Clearly, the definite value of ‘always’ cannot be determined.
28. M + L ÷ O × N means M is the brother of L and L is the sister of O and N is the mother of O.
29. 16 ÷ 12 - 8 × 6 + 8 = -116/3
30. 18 R 12 A 4 X 8 B 6 =?
18 × 12 ÷ 4 − 8 + 6 =52
Explanation (31- 35): By looking at the four statements it can deduced that code for:
1 – the,
6 – rat,
8 – scared
3 – lion
2 – big
4 – ran
5 – away
Explanation (36- 40): Every symbol represents the first letter of each word as shown:

! $ & * % + / <
A T W F N P S H
Every letter presents the second last letter of the respective word. Every number represents
the total number of letters in the word multiplied by 1.5.

Explanation (41- 45): there – na, meaning – tif, code for title is not given, so it can be given any
code other than present in above given coding.
Explanation (46- 50):
Words Hard of perusing MBBS Nepal Diminishes in education
Codes jo sa nk cl da ha fa rs

Common questions

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The document integrates multiple encoding strategies into a coherent system by incorporating positional, substitution, and symbolic techniques. Positional encoding uses numeric representations of alphabetical positions reversed, as seen in 'BOWLER'. Substitution provides straightforward letter replacements, demonstrated in 'WORKABLE' becoming 'DLIPZYOV'. Symbolic coding adds a layer where symbols like '$' indicate words such as 'pencil' . This synthesis allows for flexible, layered, and secure coding, achieving complexity and increasing the difficulty of decoding without the key. It effectively combines the strengths of each method to cover potential weaknesses, ensuring robust code structures capable of secure communication.

The document uses mathematical symbols to indicate familial relationships. In 'M + L ÷ O × N', the operations correlate with specific family roles: '+' denotes sibling, '÷' as sister, and '×' as maternal relationships. Hence, M as the brother of L, L as O’s sister, and N as O's mother are established . This approach leverages familiar arithmetic symbols to convey complex relational data effectively, transforming mathematical expressions into family relationship diagrams.

In the document, the problem of coding and decoding is approached by mapping each letter of the English alphabet to a specific coded letter. For 'THREE' to 'AEBHH', specific mappings are provided: T is mapped to A, R is mapped to B, Y is mapped to C, S is to D, H is to E, A is to F, P is to G, and E is to H . This involves creating a substitution code where each letter has a predetermined counterpart.

Matrix-based number codes provide flexible and complex translation mechanisms, as seen in coding examples for 'FOR'. Each letter receives multiple potential codes from two separate matrices, enabling a variety of possible combinations. 'F' can yield codes like 00, 12, 24, 31 or 43; 'O' offers options such as 01, 13, 20, 32 or 44, and 'R' leverages codes like 04, 11, 23, 30, or 42 . This complexity results in high variability and security by offering multiple coding routes, enhancing the strength and unpredictability of the code.

The document identifies common symbols used across different statements to maintain consistency in coding translation. For example, in statements featuring '$', it is repeatedly tied to 'pencil'. This establishes a consistent code throughout the text, allowing a single symbol to represent a word reliably across various coding sequences . This method ensures uniformity and reduces confusion in translating textual information, aiding in easier recognition and decryption of coded messages.

The document describes a pattern where the positional values of the letters in a word are used but reversed. For 'BOWLER', the alphabetical positions are 2, 15, 23, 12, 5, and 18. These positional numbers are then reversed to form '1851223152' . This method relies on recognizing and altering the position of letters numerically, adding a level of difficulty to decode without knowledge of the pattern.

The document applies a reverse letter-order technique combined with a substitution method where each letter is replaced by its opposite letter in the alphabet. For 'WORKABLE', it becomes 'DLIPZYOV', then reversed to 'VOYZPILD', while 'BLUNDERS' becomes 'YOFMWVIH', reversed to 'HIVWMFOY' . This logic is effective in obscuring the original message by adding layers of complexity: first inverting the alphabetic position, then reversing the order, thus complicating deciphering.

The document uses matrix-based coding by assigning letters different potential numeric codes based on their matrix position. For example, 'SOT' translates into combinations from matrix I and II where 'S' can be 03, 10, 22, 34, or 41; 'O' can be 01, 13, 20, 32, or 44; and 'T' can be from matrix II as 56, 68, 75, 87, or 99 . Similarly, 'FROM' involves employing multiple matrices to determine specific code sets for each letter, adding complexity through variability and multiple possible representations for each letter.

The document uses a particular substitution method for coding 'TRIANGLE' as 'PQRIJKMN'. The letters T, R, I, A, N, G, L, and E are mapped to P, Q, R, I, J, K, M, and N respectively. This implies a straightforward letter-for-letter substitution where each letter is replaced by a fixed counterpart according to a pre-defined code .

In 'BHARATI' coded as '9657538', the document illustrates the simultaneous use of numerical positions and specific letter mappings. Here, each letter in 'BHARATI' is mapped to numeric values derived from an algorithm combining alphabetical position and predefined numeric shift, creating a coherent numerical representation . This dual approach adds complexity and security to the encoding process by requiring knowledge of both the numerical and positional systems in place to decode effectively.

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