*
Complementary instruments :
- Clinical mirrors :
uses :
Percussion
·
retraction the ( access and visualization &
serves to put away the cheeks, tongue, or lips to aid for
·
protection (protect from tongue or cheek injury)
·
illumination : allows for light reflection,
for
·
magnifying .
surface magnification
Types :
(according to size , the ,
and
1) surface :
& first-surface mirror.
8
the reflex- ive surface of the mirror must be above the glass (The external surface
cause the reflection)
Er If the instrument touches the image,
* second-surface mirror,
present the reflexive surface under the glass, (The internal pant cause reflex)
resulting in distortions and dou- ble and less clear images (ghost images and waviness)
mostly used now .
-14gl
-
2) sizes :
small , medium ,
large (differs inthe diameter)
↓
used in
microsurgery (under the microscope (40x)) .
*The most commonly used in adults are the numbers 4 and 5
3)
s spe Most mirrors have flat surfaces
creating a 1:1 sized image, while
others have a concave surface,
which slightly increases the image
size
- Tweezers and forceps :
(Giss)
Je mostly used
used for :
useful to hold small items, such as cotton
rolls, and carry them into the mouth
*The Miller articulating paper forceps was cre- ated to bring into the mouth the articulating
paper, in between the dental arches, to mark the contact between opposing teeth.
i cause
passive and equal insection of the paper
found
and the
only pressure only by thebeeth area .
Exploratory probe :
(sharp end instrument)
O
used for tactile examination of irregularities on the tooth surface and restorations, and
determination of the consistency of tissues
&
There are also probes with straight end for endodontics or probes with dull end for checking
the root surfaces, on the diagnose of carious lesions or periodontal dis- ease
50 a bluet end (not sharp
↓
used for periodontal tissue
examination
+ sickel shaped + double sided (sickle-straight
Mixing
Spatula
:
-
used for material that need to be mixed
any
·
available in different sizes and thickness,-
The large spatulas are used to mix large amounts of materials
Small spatulas have also been used to mix small quantities of resin cements.
The thin spatulas are more flexible than the thick ones,
choice between one over another depends on the material to be mixed &
The zinc oxide-eugenol cement, for example, needs a more rigid spat- ula
S
glass ionomer cement is easily mixed with a flexible spatula.
mixed with flexible
Calcium
hydroxide Sealer -
easy spatula .
- Instruments for filling and
modeling :
⑧ plastic filling instrument ↑ carrying materi- als into the cavities and sculpting
composites or GIC
most used instrument has two paddle-shaped flat ends, in perpendicular
directions, which are very useful to shape anterior restorations
>
-
some of them is yellow or blue
b
different coating
according to
.
O
Some instruments are also covered with a non-
sticking coating of titanium nitride of golden color
Different combinations are available for double-ended instruments, such as a flat nib
on one side and a plugger or a small sphere on the other side, that help to adapt the
material into cavities with difficult access
-
special instruments : used while
doing cavity preparation
for restoration .
setting
·
Dycal applicator :
for apply- ing protective materials is the↑ calcium
hydroxide liner place- ment instrument
S
used to
Dycal
.
&
it have 2 forms :
1) Catalyst +
paste mix setting cover the
pulp
2) calcium used treatment
non-setting hydroxide -> in root Canal
G
O
-
single angle , and allow us to
reach the area of the pulp exposure
· Retraction Cord
packing :
((
We
put it between the teeth and gingiva inthe gingival
sulcus to distance the gingival sulcus from the tooth
away Structure .
we need them in : 1) Isolation (ex :
Composite material are
sensitive to moisture)
2) prosthesis (crown preparation and when
taking immpression).
jahid &
G
T
&
Amalgam instruments :
1) Condenser :
The condensers or pluggers are instruments used to condense and adapt the amalgam
toward the walls of a cavity prepara- tion . Their nibs are flat and generally circular in cross
section, even though some models can also be rect- angular- or diamond-shaped.
· increase the
density of the material that we are
According to
the Cavity : Small ,
large .
Condensing (EX amalgam).
: -
* have different sizes .
* have " Shapes :
·
Taper
·
inverted cone
2) Carvers :
The carvers are used to shape amalgam restorations . The blades must be kept sharp to
provide effective- ness. The most used carvers are the No. 3 and No. 3S (Hollenback
carvers
The use of each instrument depends on the site and type of anat- omy to be
reproduced
4) burnisher :
e
The burnisher is an instrument that has a dull nib with many shapes. It is used by rubbing
the nib on the surface of amal- gam restorations, before and after carving, to improve con-
densation of the material and create a smoother surface
·
depends of the
ductility of the material .