Possessive case
Possessive case bu biror narsa yoki buyumning kimgadir yoki nimagadir tegishli
ekanini bildiruvchi egalik qo’shimchasi bo’lib otlarga qo’shilib ishlatiladi.
Masalan: Harry’s pen, Car’s tire
Possessive case quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:
a) Nimadir kimgadir yoki nimagadir tegishli ekanligini aytish uchun
b) Ikkita inson o’rtasidagi munosabatni tushuntirish uchun.
ex: Mary’s husband, Linda’s children, My brother’s girlfriend
c) Kimningdir do’koni yoki uyi haqida gapirganimizda.
ex: Simpson’s shop (Simpsonl;ar oilasiga tegishli do’kon), At Bob’s ( Boblarning
uyida)
Ingliz tilida egalik qo’shimchasi (‘S) shaklida qo’shiladi.
1. Qoida Birlikdagi otlarga odatda (‘s) qo’shiladi.
ex: Amirkhan’s laptop, Cat’s tail, phone’s battery, Apple’s juice.
ESLATMA: agar birlikdagi ot -s harfi bilan tugasa uning egalik shakli ikki xil
usulda yasaladi
a) (‘s) qo’shish orqali. Masalan: James’s book, Boss’s decision, Class’s
whiteboard
b) (‘) qo’shish orqali. Masalan: James’ book, Boss’ decision, Class’ whiteboard
2. Qoida Ko’plik dagi otlarga odatda (‘) qo’shiladi.
ex: Boys’ gym, Girls’ dress, Cars’ color, Laptops’ screen
ESLATMA: agar ko’plikdagi ot irregular shaklga ega bo’lsa unda bunday otning
egalik shaklini hosil qilish uchun (‘s) qo’shiladi.
ex: Men’s locker room, People’s stories, Mice’s nest, Geese’s eggs.
3. Qoida Agar bitta buyum bir nechta kishiga tegishli bo’lsa unda (‘s) oxirgi
otga qo’shiladi.
ex: Tom and Anna’s home, Sean and Simon’s car, My dad and mom’s wedding
ring.
4. Qoida Agar ikkita yoki undan ortiq buyum ikkita yoki undan ortiq kishiga
tegishli bo’lsa va biz har bir shaxs o’z buyumiga ega ekanligini
ta’kidlamoqchi bo’lsak unda (‘s) har bir otga alohida qo’shiladi.
ex: Mary’s and Linda’s books, Kevin’s and Lara’s phones,
Present simple 1
Present simple zamonida tuzilgan gaplar odatda o’zbek tiliga -di/-adi yoki
-man qo’shimchalari bilan tarjima qilinadi.
Masalan: She goes to school = U (qiz bola) maktabga boradi. I play footbal =
men futbol o’ynayman.
Present simple zamoni ingliz tilida eng ko’p ishlatiladigan zamonlardan biri
hisoblanadi. Biz Present simple yoni oddiy hozirgi zamon fe’lidan quyidagi
holatlarda foydalanamiz:
1. Kundalik takrorlanib turuvchi ish harakatlarni aytish uchun
ex: I go to swimming every day, Masha goes to dance lessons every Saturday.
2. Uzoq muddat davomida o’zgarmaydigan ish harakatlarni aytish uchun
ex: I work at school, She lives with her parents.
3. His tuyg’ular, fikrlar va holatlar haqida gapirilganda.
ex: I love dancing, I thinks she has beautiful eyes, He looks like tired.
4. O’zgarmas faktlar haqida gapirganimizda.
ex: The sun rises from the East, You play chess with 24 pieces, Birds fly to the
South every autumn
Present simple zamoni quyidagi ravishlar va iboralar bilan birga ishlatiladi.
Ravishlar Iboralar
always – har doim every Monday/week/month/year
usually – odatda each Monday/week/month/year
often – tez tez once/twice/three times a week/a
sometimes – ba’zan year
rarely – kamdan kam
never – hech qachon
Formula
Darak gap - Subject +Verb (−s ,−es )+Object
ex: I drink watwer every morning, She likes football, They look like similar.
Inkor gap - Subject +do not /does not+Verb +Object
ex: I do not like basketball, She does not wake up early, We do not go to gym
So’roq gap - do /does+ Subject +Verb +Object
ex: Does she run every day?, Do you study at school? Does he work every day?