SIGMA CLASSES
SCIENCE DAY 9
1. The image of an object formed by a mirror is real, inverted and is of
magnification – 1. If the image is at a distance of 40 cm from the mirror, where
is the object placed? Where would the image be if the object is moved 20 cm
towards the mirror? State reason and also draw ray diagram for the new position
of the object to justify your answer.
2. Describe an activity to show that the colours of white light splitted by a glass
prism can be recombined to get white light by another identical glass prism. Also
draw ray diagram to show the recombination of the spectrum of white light.
3. What is placenta? Describe its structure. State its functions in case of a pregnant
human female.
4. A carbon compound 'P' on heating with excess conc. H2SO4 forms another
carbon compound 'Q' which on addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel
catalyst forms a saturated carbon compound 'R'. One molecule of 'R' on
combustion forms two molecules of carbon dioxide and three molecules of
water. Identify P, Q and R and write chemical equations for the reactions
involved.
5. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of
focal length of 12 cm. (i) What should be the range of distance of an object
placed in front of the mirror ? (ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the
object. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case. (iii)
Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the
mirror? Draw a ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
6. (a) Define optical centre of a spherical lens. (b) A divergent lens has a focal
length of 20 cm. At what distance should an object of height 4 cm from the
optical centre of the lens be placed so that its image is formed 10 cm away from
the lens. Find the size of the image also. (c) Draw a ray diagram to show the
formation of image in above situation.
7. What is atmospheric refraction ? Use this phenomenon to explain the following
natural events. (a) Twinkling of stars (b) Advanced sun-rise and delayed sun-set.
8. A student is observing a permanent slide showing sequentially the different
stages of a sexual reproduction taking place in yeast. Name this process and
draw diagrams, of what he observes, in a proper sequence.
Answers-
1. Magnification is – 1
It means the image is real and inverted and is of the same size as that of the
object so if the image is at a distance of 40cm from the mirror then the object is
also at a distance of 40cm from the mirror because the object is placed at C ie
SIGMA CLASSES
center of curvature of the mirror. If the object is moved 20cm towards the mirror
the object is placed at F ie at the principal focus and the image is formed at
infinity. the nature of the mage so formed is real inverted and highly enlarged.
2. The colors of white light splitted by a glass prism can be recombined to get
white light by another identical glass prism. It can be done by putting an
identical glass prism in the inverted position and allowing all the colors of the
spectrum to pass through the second prism. This will lead to the emergence of
white light from the second prism showing that white light is composed of seven
colors.
3. Placenta is an organ found only in mammals during development of foetus. It is
made up of cells from both mother and foetus. Placenta is 22cm in length 2-2.5
cm in thickness, weight 500 gm. It has a dark reddish-blue or crimson colour. It
is discoidal in shape.
Functions of Placenta : 1). Placenta allows the exchange of materials between
mother and foetus. 2). It also allows the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from
mother to foetus. 3). Urea, uric acid and even carbon dioxide are some waste
products excreted by the foetus and are diffused to maternal blood stream by the
placenta. 4). Antibodies pass through the placenta that provides immunity to the
foetus
4. Q on reacting with hydrogen in presence of catalyst forms a saturated
compound. Hence, Q will be an unsaturated compound. P is an alcohol which on
dehydration with conc. H2SO4 forms an alkene. Alkane on combustion
forms CO2 and H2O.
P- CH3CH2OH, Q: CH2=CH2, R: CH3--CH3
SIGMA CLASSES
CH3CH2OH(conc.H2SO4)−−−−−−−→CH2=CH2+H2O
CH2=CH2+H2(Ni)→CH3CH3
CH3CH3+O2→2CO2+3H2O
5. (i) The range of distance should be 0 cm to less than 12 cm from the mirror
(ii) The image will be larger than the object. The ray diagram for this case shows
the object placed between the pole and the focal point, resulting in a virtual,
erect, and magnified image.
(iii) For an object placed 24 cm in front of the mirror, we use the mirror formula:
6. (a)Optical center of the lens is defined as the point which lies on the principal
axis through the rays of light passes without any deflection.
(b)Given: f (focal length)= – 20 cm
hobject (height of object) = 4 cm
v (image distance) = – 10 cm
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
-1/ 20 = - 1/10 - 1/u
1/u = - 1/10 + 1/20
1/u = -2+1/20 = -1/20 u = -20 cm
Magnification: m = hi /ho = v/u Given h0 = 4 cm
SIGMA CLASSES
hi/4 = −10 / - 20
hi = 2 cm
7. Refraction of light caused by earths atmosphere is the phenomenon for the
changes that occur in the process of light travelling to the atmosphere due to
change in the refractive index.
(i) Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction of star light. The
light from the star after entering the earth's atmosphere undergoes
refraction in a continuous manner before it reaches the Earth. The
atmospheric refraction is due to change in the refractive index at
different level in the atmosphere. The star light bends towards the
normal, the apparent position is different from the actual position of the
star. Since the atmosphere is not stationary and keeps changing. As the
path of rays of light coming from the star varies slightly then the
apparent position of the star also varies slightly and the amount of light
entering the eye flickers.
(ii) The advance sunrise and sunset occurs due to phenomenon of
atmospheric refraction. The Sun is visible to us before 2 minutes in
sunrise and 2 minutes after the sunset. The actual sunrise mean the time
when the sun crosses the horizon. This occurs due to refraction of light
which passes through various layers of atmosphere.
8. Yeast reproduces asexually by the process of budding. Different stages of
budding observed by the student are depicted using a diagram below