Transparency = şeffaflık

Initiative= Girişim
Sustainability= Sürdürülebilir
Glass ceiling effect = There are blocker for some position for some people
permanent = full time
Temporary = part time
Efficiency=less resource
Effectiveness= accomplish whole goal
Supervise=denetleme
Line manager=directly affect company
Staff manager= help line manager
Management process= planning,controlling,leading, organizing

Mintzberg's 10 managerial roles

Interpersonal roles: Informational roles: Decisional roles :

Figurehead monitor Entrepreneur

Leader spokesperson Disturbance handler

(Problem solver)

liaison Disseminator Negotiator(muzakere)

Katz essential managerial skill=

1-Conceptual skills(See bigger picture for big manager)
2-Human skills(Emotional intelligence)
3-Technical skills(Perform a special task for a small manager)

Sense of unity= Birlik duygusu

Red tape= Many paperwork for bureaucratic organization
Resistente= Direnc
Silo effect or chimneys= Lack of communication
Compelling goal= Challenge goal

Corporate strategy=Long term, En ust seviye, What business

Business strategy= How do compete the business
Functional strategy= Support for the business

Formulating= Develop
Stakeholders=paydas
Competency=yeterlilik
SWOT=
strengths,weaknesses(Internal)
And
Opportunities,threats(external)

Porter's model of strategy

-Bargaining power of suppliers
-Bargaining power of customers
-Threat of new entrants to industry
-Threat of substitutes

BCG matrix=
Question mark(High growth rate low pazar payi)
Stars(High both)
Dogs(Low both)
Cash cows(low growth rate low pazar payi)

Bankruptcy=Failure(restructuring)
Liquidation=Close and sells asset
Downsizing=Be smaller
retrenchment=Be smaller but more generally

Globalization=Standard product for whole world

Multidomestic=Customize product according to cultures
Transnational= Both them above

Strategic alliances=Stratejik birlik

Outsourcing=Baskasina yaptirmak

Porter's generic strategies=

-Differentiation
-Cost leadership
-Focus both them

inaccurate=incorrect

Functional structures(for similar skills people like marketing finance production)

-For small organization
-There are economies of scale

Divisional structures(for same product or serve)

-For complex organizations
-Innovation is good
Matrix structure( is div and func mixed)
-Cause power struggles(two boss)

Team structures(cross-functional so different functions)

-may be conflict

Network structures(Flexible, interconnected, collaborative)

-More use outsourcing can be dangerous

Boundaryless organization(team and network structures)

-Boundary=sinir so there are nor boundary internal and external

Virtual organization(A type of boundaryless organization by IT and internet)

Organizational design= Process of creating structures

Mechanic design(Bureaucracy)
-Predictable goals
-Few teams formal

Organic design()
-Adaptable goals
-informal

Contemporary Trends= Fewer management,more delegation

Grant authority= Delegation

Contingency plan= Backup plan

Benchmarking= Karsilastirma

Operational plan > tactical plan > strategic plan

politics=Determine general things what will do

procedures= Specific steps that how to achieve goal

Zero based budget= Each years start from zero so delete last years

orientation= adaptation
Address- handle
Clarify=Appear
Jointly=Together
Jointly plan(make plan together, collaboration is essential)

Participatory plan(make plan together but each level so more people attend )

Qualitative forecasting=forecast future by expert opinion (historical data)

MBO=Management by objectives(Joint manager and employee)

Consulting firms=Danismanlik sirketi

Dysfunctional=not functional

Core cultures has:

Rituals,Stories,Heroes,Symbols

Spirituality=Moral

Worker involvement=calisan katilimi

Integrity=Butunluk
minorities=azinlik
Coalition=Koalisyon
Consistent=Uyumlu
Improvisational=Dogaclama
Commitment=Loyalty
Reward x Punishment
Legitimacy=Yasallik
Inclusiveness=Kapsaycilik
Ethnocentrism=A culture is superior

Woman challenge with:

-Glass ceiling effect
-Leaking pipeline(Eliminate a step)
-Harassment(taciz)

Affirmative action=Pozitif ayrimcilik

Qualitative leaders= good common, motivate

Change leaders=Innovation,Take risk and bottom-up change(Each level attends)

Model of levin change(for change resist):

Unfreezing(prepare for change )>Change(implement)>freezing(make sure stability)
improvisational change (doğaçlama değişim)=Suddenly,flexibility,short term
Inspiring= motivate

Position power(Reward,coercive and legitimate power)

-Coercive power=Punishment zorla guc

-Legitimate=Yetki

Personal power(Expert and referent power)

-Referent is like idol

Servant leadership(Hizmetkar)

-Other centered
-Power not zero-sum(if someone win promotion else on cannot win promotion so limited
promotion)

Recurring patterns of behaviors=Repeat some things for specific problem

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Leader Participation Theory:

Decide alone>Consult individually>Consult with group>Facilitate>Delegate

Adequate=Enough

Super leader(Huge vision and strength impact trust himself much)

Charismatic leader(Good relationship)

Transformational Leader (Inspire workers for their sek performance so personal development)

Data= raw(base) facts

Information= Data use useful

Intelligente information=istihbarat

Desired performance=Goal
Actual performance=Exist
Discrepancy=Tutarsizlik

Problem avoiders(inactive problem solve)

Problem solvers(reactive problem solve )
Problem seekers(Proactive so in future may be problem)

Systematic thinking=
-Rational
-Step by step

Intuitive(Sezgisel)=
-Flexible
-Spontaneous(Kendiliginden)

Multidimensional thinking=
-Applies systematic and intuitive thinking
-Strategic opportunism(Adapt for changing situation)

Structured problem=
-Familiar,clear
-Solution is already available

Unstructured problem=
-Ambiguities(Belirsiz)
-There are no specific solution
-Usually face higher-level manager

Abandoning=Give up
Certain environment= there are action and consequences

Risk environment=There are action but there are no consequences

Uncertain environment=There are no action and consequences

Decision making steps:

1-Find and define problem

2-Generate and evaluate alternative solutions
3-Make decision
4-Implement the decision
5-Evaluate results

Classical model:
-Structured problem
-Best among alternatives
-Certain environment

Behavioral model:
-Not clearly
-Unstructured environment
-Chose first satisfactory alternative

Justice=Fairness

Heuristic= Fast and simplifying decision making

Bias=Prejudice

Data mining=Analyzing data for decision making process

Absence=Yokluk
Agreed upon standard=üzerinde mutabık kalınan standart

Controlling provide organizational learning(Balance with *Exploit-Revenues and earnings

​ ​ *Explore-Create innovation)

Feedforward control=Before a work activity,probal problems detect(Long term)

Concurrent control=During work process, exist problems solves(short term)

Feedback control= After work process, for result

Internal control= Motivate individuals, not authority

External control= Personal supervision by use formal system, authority

Self control:
-Is a finite resource(Limited)
-It should replenished(renewable)

Clan control:
-Organizational culture

Market control::
-Market competition
-Pricing mechanism and economic information

Desired performance= Goal

Taking action when discrepancy desired and actual performance:

Problem situation(Negative exception)
Opportunity situation (Positive exception)

Frank=Acik Sozlu
Audit=Denetleme

Management audit(An organization itself management )

External Audit(By other organization such as CPA firm)

Management audit((A Company own planning,organizing,leading and controlling )

Gantt chart=Graphic schedule task so required complete a project

CPM= Shortest way

PERT=All possible ways

Just-in-Time (JIT):
-Stocks is min level and if need more,order it

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ):

-Optimal quantity order

Balanced Scorecard(BSC):
-Balance around Financial perf, Customer satis, Internal process,Innovation
Liabilities=Borc
Liquidity=Make money and cash to pay bills
Leverage=Earn more return than debt(borc)
Proliferation=Spread

It infrastructure has 7 main components:

1-Computer hardware:
-Pda=old phone
-Blade servers=thin racks
-Mainframe=thousands blade servers

2-Operating system:
​
3-Data management and storage:
-Database software and Physical data storage
-Storage area networks(SANs)=Connect multiple storage devices

4-Networking and telecommunications platforms:

-Network operating system and hardware providers

5-Enterprise software application:

-Enterprise application and middleware

6-Internet platforms:

7-Consulting system integration services:

-Software integration=Ensure new infrastructure system with legacy system
-Legacy system=Old system

Grid computing=Connects remote computer into a single network so virtual``Supercomputer``

Virtualization=Single physical resource act as multiple resources,reduces hardware

Drawbacks=disadvantage

Autonomic computing=Protect and heal themselves or self updating such as apple and windows

Multi core processors= High performance

XML= Powerful and flexibility than html
WSDL=Framework for describing website, detail about website
UDDI=For people accessing website everywhere

SOA(Service oriented architecture)

-Communicate with each other app
-For ex a rent car app link a hotel booking app

Domestic outsourcing=Middleware,Integration services and rural

Offshore=Lower level maintenance,data entry,cheap

Mashup=Combination two online app(getir and 11)

Scalability=Olceklendirilebilr