1.

The mean incomes of two persons are Rs, 2500 and 300 lb and standard deviations of
their incomes are Rs. 15.25 and 5.27 lb. Compare the variability of their incomes.
2. For a set of 20 observations AM is 4 and the coefficient of variation is 80%. Find the
standard deviation.
3. Show that mean depends on both origin and scale but variance depends only on scale.
4. A radioactive source on the average 2.5 particles per second. Calculate the probability
that 2 or more particles will be emitted in an interval of 4 seconds.
5. For a poisson variate X if 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1), find (𝑎) 𝑃(𝑋 = 1 𝑜𝑟 0). (b) mean of
X. (c) the 2nd central moment of X.
6. State Chebyshev’s inequality.
7. Show that by Chebyshev’s inequality that in 2000 throws with a coin the probability that
19
the number of heads lies between 900 and 1100 is at least 20.
8. Prove that the variance of Binomial distribution with parameter n and p is 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝).
9. If X is a discrete random variable having the following probability mass functions:
X=x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(X=x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 3k
(a)Determine the constant k (b) Find 𝑃(𝑋 < 2) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2). (c) Variance (d) Standard
deviation.
10. Prove that the mean of Binomial distribution with parameter n and p is 𝑛𝑝.
11. State Bayes’ Theorem.
12. There are two identical boxes. The first box contains 5 red, 7 black balls and the second
box contains 5 red and 5 black balls. One box is chosen at random and a ball is drawn
from it. If the ball drawn is found to be red, calculate the probability it is drawn from the
first box.
1 1 1
13. The probability that a particular problem will be solved by A, B and C are 2, 3 and 4
respectively. Find the probability that the problem will be solved if all of them try
independently?
14. If X is a discrete random variable having the following probability mass functions:
X=x -5 -4 1 2

P(X=x) 1 1 1 1
4 8 2 8
Determine (a) 𝑃(𝑋 < 1), 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ −4) (b) Mean (c) variance (d) Standard deviation (f)
third central moment.
3 5 3
15. Given that 𝑃(𝐴) = 8 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 8 , 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 4. (a) Find the values of the following
probabilities 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵), 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴), 𝑃(𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅), 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵̅ ). (b)State whether the events
A and B are Mutually exclusive and Independent.
16. Find the 75𝑡ℎ percentile score (i.e. 𝑄3 ) from the data given below:
78, 82, 84, 88,91, 93, 94,96, 98, 99.
17. Find the percentile rank of 88 in the data given below:
78, 82, 84, 88,91, 93, 94,96, 98, 99.
18. Draw a boxplot showing the five point summary and outliers for the following data:
6, 213, 241, 260,281, 290, 314, 321, 350, 1500.
19. Why sometimes trimmed mean is used instead of mean?
20. Find the trimmed mean with 20% trimming percentage for the following data:
42, 8, 10, 7, 1, 33, 4, 2 100, 44.
21. The distribution of height of men is normally distributed with mean 64.5" and standard
deviation 4.5". Among 10,000 men find the number of men whose height is (a) less than
2
1 1 −𝑡
69" but greater than 55.5" (b) less than 55.5’’. [Given that ∫
√2𝜋 0
𝑒 2 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑡2
1 2 −
0.0398, ∫
√2𝜋 0
𝑒 2 𝑑𝑡 = 0.4772 ).
22. A random variable 𝑋 has the probability density function
𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘 − 𝑥 1≤𝑥≤2
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1
Determine (a) constant 𝑘. (b) the probability the at random variable lies between 4 and 2.
23. The heights of adult males in a certain population follows a normal distribution with
mean of 68 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. What is the probability that a
randomly selected adult male from the population is taller than 72 inches?
24. In a binomial distribution with parameter (8, 𝑝), 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 3). Find 𝑃(𝑋 = 8).
25. If 𝑋 is a Poisson variate with parameter 𝜇 and 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑘, prove that
𝜇 = 1 and 𝑘 = 𝑒 −1 .
1
26. The probability of hitting a target is 3. Two direct hits are required to destroy the target.
Find the probability of destroying the target if 6 bullets are thrown independently.
27. The random variable 𝑋 is a normal 𝑁(50,20). Find 𝑃(|𝑋 − 50| ≤ 20), given that
1 𝑥2
1 −
∫ 𝑒
√2𝜋 −∞
2 𝑑𝑥 = 0.8413.
28. The random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density function
6(1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 < 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) =
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
29. Find the marginal distributions of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
30. Find the value of 𝑘 for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) defined by
𝑥, 0<𝑥<1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 − 𝑥, 1 < 𝑥 < 2 will be a probability density function.
0, 𝑥>2
31. If X is a discrete random variable having the following probability mass functions:
X=x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(X=x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 3k
(a)Determine the constant k (b) Find 𝑃(𝑋 < 2) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2). (c)
Variance (d) Standard deviation.
32. Let the length of a phone call (in minutes) is exponentially distributed with mean 10. If
someone arrived immediately ahead of you at a telephone booth, fine the probability that
you will have to wait for (a) more than 10 minutes (b) between 10 and 20 minutes.
33. Write probability density function normal distribution and standard normal distribution.
34. A random variable X is exponential distribution with probability density function
𝑥
1 − , 𝑥>0
𝑓(𝑥) = {40 𝑒
40 ,
. Find (a) 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 20) (b) 𝑃(32 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 48).
0, 𝑥≤0
35. Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following data:

𝑥 −3 −1 1 3

𝑦 9 1 1 9

36. The marks obtained by the students in Physics and Chemistry are as follows:
Physics 30 33 45 23 8 49 12 4 31
Chemistry 35 23 47 17 10 43 9 6 28
Find the rank correlation coefficient of the marks obtained in two subjects.
37. If 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑦 + 𝑑, prove that 𝑟𝑢𝑣 = 𝑟𝑥𝑦 .
38. From the following data, obtain the line of regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥:
𝑥 −6 −4 −3 −1 1 2 4 7
𝑦 −4 −3 −1 −1 0 2 3 4
39. Out of two regression lines 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8, which one is the regression
line of 𝑥 on 𝑦? Find also the values of 𝜇𝑥 , 𝜇𝑦 , and 𝜎𝑦 . Given 𝜎𝑥 = 12.
40. Why correlation coefficient used for better understanding instead of covariance in data
analyses?
41. In a contest, two judges J1 and J2 ranked eight candidate A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H in
order of their preference as shown in the following table:
A B C D E F G H
J1 5 2 8 1 4 6 3 7
J2 4 5 7 3 2 8 1 6
Find the rank correlation coefficient.
42. Given: Unexplained variation = 19.70, and Explained variation = 19.22. Determine the
correlation coefficient.
43. The probability density function of a random variable X is 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑘(𝑥 − 1)(2 − 𝑥), 1≤𝑥≤2
{
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
5 3
Determine (a) The constant k (b) the cumulative distribution function (c) P(4 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2).
44. Let X and Y be two discrete random variables with joint probability mass function given
as follows
 0 1 2
(a) Find marginal probability mass function of X and Y.
Y
(b) Find P(𝑋 + 𝑌 ≥ 2). X
0 0.1 0.4 0.1
1 0.2 0.2 0

45. A random variable X has the probability density function

𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘 − 𝑥 1≤𝑥≤2
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1 1
Determine (a) constant k. (b) the probability the at random variable lies between 4and 2.
46. The joint probability density function of the random variable X and Y is

𝑒 −(𝑥+𝑦) , for x ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0,
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find the marginal probability mass functions of Xand Y.
1. Let X and Y be two discrete random variables with joint probability mass function given
as follows
1 2 3
Y
X
1 1 3 1
8 8 6
2 1 1 1
12 12 6
Find the probability mass function of 𝑋 + 𝑌 and 𝐸(𝑋 + 𝑌).
47. A simple random sample of size 5 is drawn without replacement from a finite population
consisting 41 units. If the population SD 𝜎 is 6.25, what is the standard error of the
sample mean?
48. From a population of large number of men with a standard deviation 5, a sample is drawn
and the standard error is found to be 0.5. What is the sample size?
49. The values of a characteristics 𝑥 of a population containing six units are given as:
2, 6, 5, 1, 7, 3. Take all possible samples of size two and verify that the mean of the
population is exactly equal to the mean of the sample means. (Use SRSWR, i.e., if the
sample (𝑎, 𝑏) is chosen then (𝑏, 𝑎) cannot be chosen.)
50. From a population of large number of men with a standard deviation 5 ; a sample is
drawn and the standard error is found to be 0.5. What is the sample size?
51. Assume that 3000 male students of a university are normally distributed with mean 68
inches and S. D. 3 inches. 80 sample consisting of 25 students each are obtained. In how
many samples would you except to find the mean between 66.8 and 68.3 inches. [ Given
area under standard normal curve enclosed between 𝑧 = −2 and 𝑧 = 0 is 0.4772 and
between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0.5 is 0.1915.
52. From the following data, obtain the line of regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥:
x -6 -4 -3 -1 1 2 4 7
y -4 -3 -1 -1 0 2 3 4
53. The values of a characteristic x of a population containing six units are given below:
2, 6, 5, 1, 7, 3. Take all possible samples of size two and verify that the mean of the
population is exactly equal to the mean of the sample means.
54. A simple random sample of size 5 is drawn without replacement from a finite population
consisting of 41 units. If the population standard deviation is 6.25, what is the standard
error of sample mean? (Use finite population correction).
55. How can you draw a random sample of 100 workers from a population of 1000 workers?
If in your sample the mean and S.D. of weekly wages come out as Rs. 48 and Rs. 11
respectively, how will you get the standard error of the sample mean?
56. Marks of 5 students in Mathematics and Statistics are given
Mathematics 38 48 43 40 41
Statistics 31 38 43 33 35

Find the regression lines of 𝑦 on 𝑥 and 𝑥 on 𝑦.

47. The lifetime of a device has a probability density function 𝑓(𝑦) = 3𝑎2 𝑦 −4 , 𝑦 ≥ 𝑎
For a random sample of size 𝑛, find the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter 𝑎.
48. Fit a straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the given data by the method of least squares:

𝑥 0 20 40 60 80
𝑦 54 65 75 85 96
49. A random sample of 200 tins of coconut oil, gave an average weight of 4.95 kg. with a
s.d. 0.21. Do we accept the hypothesis that net weight is 5 kg per in at 1 percent
level?[Given P(|𝑧| > 2.58) = .01.
50. Fit a straight line 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the given data by the method of least squares:

𝑥 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
𝑦 10 14 15 16 15 17 18
51. Fit a second degree parabola, y= 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎, to the following data
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 5 10 22 38
52. In a random sample of size 400 there are 80 defective items. Test at 5% level whether the
proportion of defective items in the population may be regarded as 1/6. [Given
1.96
∫0 𝜙(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.475].
53. A company claims that the consistency regarding life time of the electric bulbs by them is
superior to those of a competitor on the basis of a study which showed that a sample of
30 bulbs made by them has s.d. 25 hours while a sample of 40 bulbs of the competitor has
s.d. 27 hours. Test at 5 percent level of significance whether the claim of the first
company justified. (Given 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.645) = 0.05).
54. Fit a second degree parabola, y= 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎, to the following data

𝑥 −1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 4 2 6 16 32 54
55. A sample 2.3, −0.2, −0.4, −0.9 is taken from a normal population with variance 9. Find a
confidence interval for the population mean. Given that 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.960) =
0.025, 𝑍~𝑁(0,1).
56. Let 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 be two unbiased estimators of the parameter 𝜃. Under what condition
𝑎𝑇1 + 𝑏𝑇2 will be an unbiased estimator of 𝜃?
57. If 𝑇 is an unbiased estimator of 𝜃, is 𝑇 2 an unbiased estimator of 𝜃 2 ?
58. Obtain 99% confidence interval of the population standard deviation 𝜎 on the basis of the
10 2
data ∑10 2 2
1 𝑥𝑖 = 620 and ∑𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 39016. Given that 𝜒0.005, 9 = 23.59 and 𝜒0.995, 9 =
1.74.
𝑥
1
59. Find the maximum likelihood estimate of 𝜃 in 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜃 𝑒 −𝜃 ; 𝑥 > 0, 𝜃 > 0, on the basis
of a random sample of size 𝑛.
60.