Light Dependent Resistor
(LDR) Experiment
This presentation explores the characteristics and applications of a Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR), a component whose resistance changes with
the intensity of light.
SG by Sourin Ghosh
LDR: A Light-Sensitive Component
LDR Basics Working Principle
An LDR is a semiconductor device whose resistance When light strikes the LDR, photons excite electrons,
decreases as the intensity of light falling on it increases. increasing conductivity and reducing resistance.
Types of LDRs
Intrinsic LDRs Extrinsic LDRs
Use undoped semiconductor Made from doped
materials like silicon or semiconductor materials.
germanium. Photons excite Dopants create a new energy
electrons, increasing band, making electrons easier
conductivity. to excite.
Applications of LDRs
Camera Exposure Control Automatic Headlight Dimmer
LDRs adjust the aperture based LDRs control headlight brightness
on light intensity for optimal based on ambient light levels.
exposure.
Street Light Control
LDRs turn streetlights on at dusk
and off at dawn.
Experiment Setup
Objective Apparatus
To study the variation in current flowing through an LDR LDR, connecting wires, light sources (bulbs), bulb holder,
circuit due to changes in light intensity and distance. meter scale, multimeter, battery.
Experimental Procedure
1 Step 1
Mount the light source at a fixed distance from the LDR.
Step 2
2
Connect the LDR, battery, and multimeter in series.
3 Step 3
Measure the resistance and current with the light source
on.
4 Step 4
Repeat steps 1-3 with different light sources and
distances.
Experimental Observations
Serial No. Distance from Source (cm) Resistance (Kilo ohm) Current (micro ampere)
1 50 142.5 40
2 40 69 80
3 30 41 150
4 20 21 300
Conclusion & Results
1 1. Resistance and Light 2 2. Current and Distance
Intensity
The current increases as
The LDR resistance the distance from the light
decreases as the intensity source decreases.
of light increases.
3 3. Intensity and Distance
The intensity of light decreases as the distance from the source
increases.
Sources of Error
1. LDR Alignment
1 The LDR may not be perpendicular to the light source.
2. Faulty Connections
2 Connections in the circuit may be loose or faulty.
3. Ambient Light
3 The experiment should be conducted in a dark room to
minimize ambient light.
4. Measurement Accuracy
4 Measurements should be taken accurately using the
multimeter.