Santoshkumar
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT_Raichur
Santoshkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT_Raichur
Pave'neot erig
ESML Concept-SEguivolaad ing Whrel dosd
Centoel Breraune - (CP) Wheel
T is
Refine d a he olio oad en
te the Coodae anea"
Lad on heel
Centaeb Berae
Can t a c t anea
P
A
bP a: nadhus o Cootact ana pro
Taz P Wheat oad, Ka
Seign heel load - (Marzimum uhent load)
The
The asheel load
cent'zuraiens ane tnpankat
to now Hhe way tnobieh he Loa ds ofa
vehiele a e pplied
aPpl'ed o n
iven povement halace,
7ypical Wheel Loa d Cenfigunatims ase
Zandern axle
azle
-Znacto Thala Vnit
Fon ghways he
Fos maximum legal axle hoad
as pee'fied by TRE 8Fo Kg with a
maninm um EsulL 48S Ka.
he telol loa d intluented he thiebn ess eq
equinemen t Pa vemeo ts.
Na lent
Sanfle ukeal Lod[6HL
To maintain the maximum um
wheel load within
he pecifie d dimtt" and o
cany,,Jbeel sheel
load ? n e r e Stau4 fo pnovide dual
vehiela,
asstr bly to he Acas axler he hoa
"Es L the dual Whel load asternbly a
Repth, Z may be Pefined as he fingle wlheal
load
load neplacement o he dual wheel
ame magnitbde
assem bly whieh will Cause bhe
V a l u e C o n p N e s s t V e
Vanbiele eJlec tin
Smess at Pep th 'z
be Betes
&Wl any seleeled Pepth 2 may
Conitesia
mined 6ased en Egeeila lert ness
EswL ( STRESs GRTTERTA) (1n p).
Bual Wheels.
G9naphi C a l
d
S dta
Mt
e hod
Appno7ima te
lap
o v e n
Pepth
!
n e s t Oveo7 lap Oue to Dual hlhee Ls
The Eswl ie he ihgle oheel load produeing the
Se sine d
Sarme vaue . maximum siness af he
epth as hhe dual wheel lead a sse mnb
nem above gune.-
betweeo the Centre to antrbe t hte
e
=pacing
two wheeL
befwees Ennen rde two wheals
d Clea> gap
facb sherl
=
adiur
Contaet
ane load Aiposien it
a
onden to Pimpli}y analysis, H,be
T fo an angle
a1um kd
2obeal load
ohees lood
bach
Coc
Vp to he pth d,
in depen dentdy sive
staesr oh
he Compne
eeginso valep
begins o avaslop
Al Rp th z d lood
pevemrot dur h forh
ovanlopped
ovanlapped
anea
a ca
he
Pepth 2s,4a
2s aboVe,
A Cormperri ve Stmess camstdarably bigh. and
#
Bual klheaL
eo 2s EsWL 2P tos
Z
EswL=4Pfon tondem
Wheels
P
lhen 2 d,, Eswt =
ESll CRP HCAL ME THOD (Sereilog- bnapb)
og-oy deele.
B(2P,2
2P
Dep th, 2 (mm)
Zuoopeio
potnts A4B ane ploted on te log-log Seale
erth co-ondinater A (P d,) and B2P, is).
The stneigh bine AD fs considesed t be hat
Jocus e! point whese ingle oheal Jbad s
Eguivelent o cfoin re y duel Jheels.
Tn Ords to Sels mine | Beaign he Pavem ent
GhielGness Aue to dual whcal
,
Joadasrem bly
T ineeessary to Detrmne he
Erol@2
e epth , shich is Equi valent to he
DaYemnt toieness.
For Qual wheel. A( P, d) 4 Car,2s)
Fo
Fon Tandem Hheek, ALP dl,) # B4P,2s)
ple
rulate ESIJL u a l ohens anem bly Cannyina
hielners o Istm, 20
sad 2 S Cm Centne
Powm pnt
Crndme hyme spaeing : 24 tmn
and datanr bedeen walls he mes lem
ven Load, P: 20ba a
29 Cm
2P 2 x 2 o wu = 40 8 3 K
.S Cm sSmm
S4 Cm z s4-0m
2S 2x2
he Co-0rdin ated ane A
B aP,3s) = (403t, Say-
nem amaph Semi-log )
7hieness Pavement lem) EsL (Kg)
ISomm = |S m 2700
200m = 20 Cm 3200
2S0mm = 2 s Cm 33So
0OS
(By 101S9
I/2sis MoDULE-T ART-1_].
F1E XTRLE DEK IhN METHOD NUMER 1 CALS
r a METHOD Cumula live ondand Arle Me thod
Cede Geok TRe 17 2o01- deripn o! Flexible eement
De a
ewidle Pavemend fon a
fulu lesign ile
Iyees s()Aos ollousing ata a pas
TRe 2eol.
Tae dne Cniage way ( ?)
Tndial Thoffie o0o CvCP)
7aie GGrowt, nate lh)
Veiele
De rig
Bamage Foc
COR Vhue
tos 6
4.
CF)
(eor)
Ne yea>e Construe?on 2
yeay.
.
*
6en a ta -
Fa» ToaneCasniage Way pon Code book
TRE>34 240, PgWo- l3.
Jane Bstntbudon Facto» D: O. 7Y.
IS, n 8/ P 20oo cv. F= 6, x 2
P I4) =S 2ooo LI+[Link])*
A 2333 CV?D
N 65x [Ct)'JxAnDxF
N 34sx[[Link])-]
2333 x 0.4 SX 6
o. 08
N lo4 x/o° a =
|lo4 msa :N
From Fig02, 7Re : 39*2001. on CnR: 4'7., N=l04msa
Zotal Pavemen hikness 8 0 2 [Link] 3
Fom P1 do- 3, N= lo -1Somsa, coR - 4 y
Dituminour Joalace : ( S0 bc + 199 pBM)y
kuninow
2So
a a u la» Base : mm
DRM
192
nnanula, [Link],
=
33omm.
BC
330
Deif e ayrmes o» Conrtuue biom
of new
igásiay e follewing Pata.
Two (are Canigrwny
Conplo Itn onrtuurticn
a 0 o cVPD b e t dnee bm)
)
iye S Ya
[Link] Sama Foros::2. S
w rig» CR gade ol: 4
veSate : I S years, F: 2.S, .7.
CRR 4/,
A 400 cvPD
7I 0.2s (Pa-l3, TRe3 2
Lene Bistbudidr Fae bos:
D
N 36s14 n)1) xA x D y f
36s xLCito.07-)"-1) uooX O.a X .
N .IS X lo fa :
I ms a N
Frem Code boo, PRC!?:200, CRRE 4+Z, Ne 7 msa
Total Pavenent 7hmehes = 6S& mm
Pavemegt Compostton.
Brkum inocy l a e ng (21.J PDc +67 dEn)mm
anenula» Base 21 0mm
Jou.s
sil-baae =
mm.
Gsanular
[Link] SDRC
3ouS
KANnS TRTAXIAL METHOD.
O Des? he
Pavement Section by Tiaxial Test
me ho d arie
Lheel oad CPJ tollo4loo
oing Aata. =
Badkus / Conteet area Ca) = 1S cm
ie
Rainlal Co-e{ieènt,
Y
Co-elictend,y =1S
O.9
Desicn Sfleebb,
Modulur
Modulus o elarhieity Sula3 ade leo Kgle r2 Er
elatieiby
.
E value of Bse Eg 4ooCong.
7 cm Haiel :
ceunSse looo Kg lCm. bikumin ous kglemz Concreta Sr/ace
Sol i ven ata P:
4lo olg, a :
IScm, X= q.I Yr o 1
s oo 14q
Assunin Pavement Consists q
aseComse mat ea ial. Single dagen
ay F
T 2
3P -a
(
T:
VG o.25 xloo t (ood
T6s.92 66 cm.
let ?.S Cm
Surface with Ep looo Kglem be
Eguivalent to he
hiebntss
esrt4 ase Corse
Looo) tL lo.2 c-.
.'. The aegu fned [Link] bare Cowr se 66-)0.2
Bikum - Con tne te
Ep locc Vale,2
BC
S
Calrolale he
e
t.i
hcd
eKnees in ous
funfoce (4
7em p: oo kgler, Whees Joad: Gloo lk
Pneituse = Kglen', Talie o e f : 12s,
Re 'nfo Co- 0. 3
Aestnhe AeBnest Povement layu, base Coase
a e Cecose ae prev.'ded boving
4cele d
be
29e lg/er3
EVolue
Sel2 Assumne O. 25 em
a2(
T: ( 2 0 2 s Xo-(J4e
3o
x )
TR 6S.2 Cm
Let 75 Cm_hicl atrial
Pavement oth Ep 0 o glc
Eguivalent te the hielkntsr t 4 bwe Counse.
t
tp
t 9.83 C
the acbual hie kntss base owse 65-2 9.83
S S . 3 Cm
( Subg>n de
5 39 200 Ley e
ls 69.96 Cm
Pavem tot Matoial
132.62
C
61.96
GrsB
S n a dLe
MeLEoD ME THOD
Tlo.() n.
Der
Der a [Link]
Yovrment om hees load
Sde7 Kg pnesr tue Kylem, The
plalteaning lesi Cann it d dut on he ubgna d
uin g te em dia me ts plat yialde o pneprnhe
urin
2 l aqes le epe dabbnt load a
leeon.
vBdo P: saa3kg, b: 6Kglem
Ye:lded Rnemre 2.5 4glem @lo hep
S44-3
Podur Contacl, a V
17 (m
[Link] and anea nalro 202
o.18
mon chasl, Cove- The nalio unit fulg na de
Suppon on 34 tm odia- plate o.S Cm Bjlenbtoo
o.6.
Vnit ulgnad kppont@ [Link] = 0.96x Yerdad Youyine
0.96 x 2:S
2. 4 Kglem
iy Beifn fubgrade Rppart on 34- Cv dio. plate
2. 40 X ContacAnea [Link] xd
2. ud x x 347 2130 Kg.
ro cho, base Corose Constanl , om 34cm dia.
plat9 o.1S
7otal .eBney K l , ( ) o.45 xlSvu
4oCm.
T
BRCBR -ME7H0D
LCRA
Find oul he tolal hieWmess
of a
erille Yvn
Yavernnt
fole wing Ra ta Using GBR method,
CBR Value eulgnede4
theel loa d 4loo Kg
Tyme Ymesune61gleo
Sel iven Rata P: 410okg
CBR 4
6Nglen
tolal thicncs,NP LCBR
95
x6
A-b Cn
Note 7 CBRU.) Volue S
notgVen hen ind ouf
CeR Value
Using mala
cOR l):: koad Value @ 1.5 mo
loo .
slandand locd 2.5 ma dr
std. load 2. mm:
1946 R
AA. oad Smm 20565)k
Pntre tio
SontoshKum as
Aust. Pae
NI7- Riehus
NET’s
NAVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAICHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22 (EVEN SEM)
PAVEMENT DESIGN (18CV825/17/15CV833) Semester: VIII
MODULE 02
1. Explain the ESWLand EWL concept with neat figure.
2. Discuss briefly with aid of neat sketches, the importance of wheel load and contact pressure
in the design of flexible pavements.
3. Explain the step by step procedure of determining ESWL by equivalent Stress criteria
method.
4. List and explain the factors which affecting pavement design.
5. Calculate the ESWL of a dual wheel assembly carrying 2044 kg each for pavement thickness
of 150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm. Centre to centre tyre spacing is 270 mm and distance
between the walls of the tyres is 110 mm.
6. Total weight of a dual wheel load assembly is 12000 kg. The centre to centre spacing and
clear space in the dual wheels are 30 cm and 10 cm respectively. Calculate the ESWL for a
pavement thickness of 40 cm, 70 cm and 90 cm.
7. Calculate design repetitions for 20 years period for various wheel loads equivalent to 2268 kg
wheel load using the following traffic survey data on a four lane road.
Wheel Average Daily Traffic ( Percentage of total
loads Kg Both Directions) traffic volume
2268 Total volume ( Consideration 13.17
2722 traffic growth 215 ) 15.30
3175 11.76
3629 14.11
4082 6.21
4536 5.84
8. Determine the equivalent wheel load factor of the following two axel loads in terms of the
standard axle load of 8.16 t. a) LCV with rare axle load of 2 t b) HCV with rare axle load of
15.5 t.
Page 1 of 2
9. What are assumptions made in flexible pavement design? Mention the methods of FP Design.
10. Explain the principle and design steps of McLeod method of pavement design.
11. Design a flexible pavement consisting of 80mm thick bituminous surface with 100 N/mm²,
WBM base course of E value 40 N/mm² and 200mm moorum sub base course with E value
20 N/mm², by Kanasa Method using the following data:
Design wheel load = 60 kN
Tyre Pressure = 0.7 N/mm²
E value of Subgrade = 9 N/mm²
Traffic Coefficient = 11/6
Rainfall Coefficient = 0.9
12. Design the flexible pavement for construction of new highway with the full data.
Number of commercial vehicles as per last count = 1000 CV
Period of construction = 3 years
Amount of traffic growth rate = 8 %
CBR = 10%
Road type = NH, 2 lane single carriage way
Design life = 15 Years.
13. The initial traffic after completion of construction of a two lane undivided highway is
estimated to be 300 CVPD. Design the flexible pavement for a life of 10 years using the data
given. Design CBR = 5%, Average growth rate = 6%, VDF Value = 2.5.
14. Design the flexible pavement by triaxial method using the following data:
E-Value of Subgrade soil = 100 kg/cm², E-Value of base course = 400 kg/cm²
E-Value of 8 cm thick bituminous surface = 1000 kg/cm², Design wheel load = 600kg
Radius of contact area = 15cm, Traffic Coefficient = 1.5, Rainfall Coefficient = 0.60
Design deflection = 0.25
15. Design a highway pavement using Mcleod method for a wheel load of 5100 kg with a tyre
pressure of 6.5 kg/cm². The plate bearing test conducted on a subgrade soil using 30cm
diameter. Plate yielded pressure of 2.5 kg/cm² after 10 load repetitions at 0.5cm deflection.
What will be the pavement thickness, if the design deflection is taken 0.35cm?
Staff In-charge
(Mr. SantoshKumar)
Asst. Prof, NIT-Raichur
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