2nd IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2018)

Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection of Load

using GSM modem SMS Alert
Savita Sumit Shrivastava Abhishek Arora
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Intitute of Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Intitute of Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Intitute of
Technology & Management Technology & Management Technology & Management
New Delhi, India New Delhi, India New Delhi, India
[Link]@[Link] mrsumit187@[Link] abhishekarora801@[Link]
Vikas Varshney
Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Intitute of
Technology & Management
New Delhi, India
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract— In the paper, GSM Modem SMS Alert aims to similarly undesirable. Under voltage can increase the losses
build a system that monitors voltage and provides a breakpoint of induction motor. Full potential of electrical appliance at
based low and high voltage tripping mechanism that avoids lesser voltage cannot be exploited. Small deviation from
any damage to the load and sends a text message (SMS) to alert standard or normal voltage (usually 5%) causes under
the user whenever the condition of under-voltage or voltage or over voltage.
overvoltage occurs. There is a chance of damaging electronic
devices due to the fluctuations the AC mains supply. Therefore, Sag and swell conditions in power system are more
a tripping system is required to avoid any damage to these harmful than under voltage and over voltage. When the
loads. This system consists of a tripping mechanism that voltage falls below 90% of the rated normal voltage, then
monitors the input voltage and trips according to limits such condition is termed as voltage sag. Main reasons for
provides. It uses 8-bit microcontroller ATmega328 with a GSM voltage sag are heavy loading and shunt fault such as L-L
modem and 16*2 LCD attached to it externally. As soon as the fault, L-G fault etc. When the voltage rises above 110% of
input voltage falls out of the window range, it delivers an error the rated normal voltage then this condition is called voltage
on screen. Here, a dc motor is used as a load. This system is swell.
also configured with a buzzer that goes on as soon as tripping
takes place. The states of the system are displayed on the LCD. Overvoltage and under voltage classification according to
Whenever fault occurs the microcontroller sends message to the IEEE 1159 standard are given in Table I & Table II. Also
the GSM modem, then the GSM modem sends alert SMS to the the variation in magnitude of overvoltage and undervoltage
user to protect their device as soon as possible [1]. with different time durations are shown in Fig. 1 & Fig. 2.
Keywords— Overvoltage, Undervoltage, GSM modem, TABLE I. CLASSIFICATION OF OVER VOLTAGE ACCORDING TO IEEE
ATmega328, 16*2 LCD screen, Buzzer, SMS Alerts 1159 [2]
Types of over
Duration Magnitude
I. INTRODUCTION voltage

The main motivation behind this paper was to get an Instantaneous 0.5 - 30 cycles 1.1-1.8 pu
elaborate and in depth knowledge on the protection of load Momentary 30 cycles - 3 secs 1.1-1.4 pu
with GSM alert and to use this method in an efficient way.
There is a chance of damaging electronic devices due to Temporaray 3 secs - 1 min 1.1-1.2 pu
fluctuations in ac mains supply. So a tripping system is
required to avoid any damage to these loads. The main
objectives of this paper to design a circuit that will protect
the system from fluctuations.
Electrical power system can be divided into three sectors
i.e. Generation, Transmission and Distribution. Electrical
distribution system mainly comprises of electrical load. In
this, electrical energy is distributed among different
consumers. Consumers can be industrial, commercial or
residential. Load forecasting can be done approximately but
not accurately. Variation in load affects the voltage profile
in power system. In power system, flat voltage profile i.e.
constant voltage at every node is desirable. Overvoltage at
any point can lead to insulation failure of power apparatus. It
can even damage the power appliance. Under voltage is Fig. 1. Over voltage Waveform [3]

978-1-5386-6625-8/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

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TABLE II Classification of Over voltage according to IEEE 1159
[2]
Types of under
Duration Magnitude
voltage
Instantaneous 0.5 - 30 cycles 0.1-0.9 pu

Momentary 30 cycles - 3 secs 0.1-0.9 pu

Temporaray 3 secs - 1 min 0.1-0.9 pu

Fig. 5. Interfacing of IC with LDC and GSM Modem

The hardware model of protection of load from overvoltage

and undervoltage condition has been shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 2. Under voltage Waveform [3]

III. HARDWARE DESIGNING AND MAIN COMPONENT USED

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND HARDWARE MODEL
In the hardware model a GSM alert system is used with
The block diagram of U/O protection of load (motor) the interfacing between the components. A GSM modem is
with GSM alert has been shown in Fig. 3. It comprises used to send SMS to the user’s mobile, Arduino basic circuit
mainly of a transformer, GSM modem, self made Arduino comprises of Atmega328 IC and LCD screen is used for the
board, ATmega328 microcontroller, motor and a tripping display purpose [5]. The interfacing among various
circuit. Here an IC LM324N is used to compare the voltage components is shown in figure 5.
change and generates a signal to the relay to activate the
buzzer and to trip the circuit [4]. A. GSM Modem
The SIM900A is shown in Fig. 8. It is a complete Quad-
band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module which can be
embedded in the customer applications. It delivers
GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for Data,
voice, SMS, and Fax in a small form factor [6]. It has a tiny
configuration therefore; it can fit in almost all space
requirements. The GSM Modem unit is shown in Fig. 6.

B. LCD Screen
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display
module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD
display is shown in Fig 7. It is a very basic module and is
Fig. 3. Block Diagram very commonly used in various devices and circuits [7].

Fig. 4. Hardware Model Fig. 6. GSM Modem

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 Fig. 10. Normally ON Mode

Fig. 7. LCD Screen

B. Normally ON
When the applied voltage is between the accepted
values, i.e. between 6V and 10.5V, the motor will run. It is
termed as normally on condition because no undervolage or
overvoltage condition occurs. Fig. 10 shows normally on
condition. A message ‘Safe State’ will be displayed on the
LCD.

C. Under Voltage Condition

When the applied voltage is lower than the set value
(6 v), i.e. the under-voltage condition, then the motor will
not run, buzzer starts and the red LED will be turned off. A
message ‘Alert Undervoltage’ will be displayed on the LCD
Fig. 8. Ardunio Hardware Model and two SMS will be sent to the user [8]. This condition is
shown in Fig. 11.
C. Arduino Basic Circuit
Arduino hardware as shown in Fig.8 is an open-source D. Over Voltage Condition
circuit board. It has a microprocessor and input/output pins When the applied voltage is greater than the set value, i.e.
for communication and controlling physical objects. It is above 10.5V, then it is referred as overvoltage condition.
powered via USB or an external power supply. It is similar When the applied voltage is greater than 10.5V, the motor
to C++ & it allows code writing, compiling, and then will not run. Buzzer starts and the red LED will be turned
uploading it to Arduino for standalone use. off. A message ‘Alert Overvoltage’ will be displayed on the
LCD and SMS will be sent to the user [9].
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The circuit can be installed and used successfully for
under-voltage and overvoltage protection of the load, i.e. DC
motor with GSM Modem SMS Alert. Whenever there is any
adverse condition which may cause damage to the
system/load, the user will receive message instantly after
these (overvoltage or undervoltage) conditions occurred,
hence by this method the voltage can be adjusted within the
safe range leads to load/system protection. The circuit
generally works in four conditions. They are as follows:

A. Normally OFF
When there is no power supply to the circuit, then circuit Fig. 11. Under Voltage Condition and Displayed Message
is not in working mode i.e. it is the normally off condition
and is shown in figure 9.

Fig. 12. Over Voltage Condition and Displayed Message

Fig. 9. Normally OFF Mode

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 V. CONCLUSION “International journal of innovative research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering,” Vol. 3, issue 6, June 2015.
In this paper, a great way of protecting loads from [4] Electricity World.
voltage fluctuations either under voltage or overvoltage has Avalable at: [Link]
been practically implemented. It proves to be cheap, requires [Link]
very less maintenance and fully automatic. The GSM modem [5] Manish Paul, Antara Chaudhury, Snigdha Saikia,”Hardware
SMS technology alerts the user so that operator can respond implementation of Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection,”
as soon as possible to save load and other important “International journal of innovative research in Electrical, Electronics,
equipments from getting damaged. The objective of this Instrumentation and Control Engineering,” Vol. 3, issue 6, June 2015.
paper is to access the load in safe condition even when the [6] Over & Under Voltage protection circuit .
Available:[Link]
operator is far away from the load side. The possibilities are protection-circuit/
numerous and can be explored further. Further modifications
[7] Interfacing 16*2 LCD With Arduino. Available:
can be done to improve it in a better way. [Link] ino-lcd-
interfacing-tutorial
REFERENCES [8] Over & Under Voltage protection circuit. Available:
[Link]
[1] F. Shawki, M. El-Shahat Dessouki, A. I. Elbasiouny, A.N. Almazroui, circuit/
F. M. R. Albeladi, “Microcontroller based smart home with security
using GSM technology” in “Internatinoal Journal of Research in [9] Over/Under Voltage Protection of Electrical
Engineering & Technology,” vol. 4, issue 6, June 2015. [Link]:[Link] ctronics-
projects/under-over-voltage-protection.
[2] “IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power
Quality,” IEEE Std. 1159-1995, June 1995.
[3] Manish Paul, Antara Chaudhury, Snigdha Saikia,”Hardware
implementation of Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection,”

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