Science 10
Ms. Francheska I. Marifosque
OAONCVL
MMGAA
RRAETC
EUIONTPR
ALAV
Science 10
Ms. Francheska I. Marifosque
Lesson 1: Volcanoes
● Plate tectonics is the study that encompasses the features and
processes in the Earth's crust that includes continental drift, sea-floor
spreading, volcanic and earthquake activities.
● A volcano is a natural vent or opening in the Earth’s crust that is
connected by a pipe to a chamber at a depth that contains magma.
● Magma is a molten material in the interior of the earth that consists
of silicates with oxides and sulfides with steam and gases.
● The basin-shaped depression of a volume is called crater.
Different Types of Volcanoes
1. Active volcanoes - these are actually erupting whether just
clouds of ash and steam or lava.
2. Extinct volcanoes - these are volcanoes whose activity
ceased many years ago.
3. Dormant volcanoes - these volcanoes have ceased activity
only to erupt again with startling ferocity.
Types of Volcanic Eruption
1. Hawaiian - violent eruptions with viscous lava and nuees ardentes,
meaning incandescent ash flow that moves rapidly.
2. Peleean - moderate eruptions, small explosions and lava of average
viscosity.
3. Strombolian - very explosive after a dormant period with ash/gas clouds
and gas-filled lava.
4. Vesuvian - very explosive with pyroclastics ejected in a column up to 50
km high producing thick air fall deposits.
Pyroclastics - consist of volcanic rocks formed from broken fragments,
such as bombs, pumice, ash and cinders.
5. Plinian - outpouring of fluid lava and little explosive activity.
Other types of volcanoes
1. Central Type - materials come from a central vent.
a. Shield volcanoes - are volcanoes whose sides are almost flat on
account of the rapid flow of lava. These are the Hawaiian type.
b. Composite volcanoes - are volcanoes which have greater angles of
slopes due to the build-up of lava and pyroclastic materials.
2. Fissure Type - erupt through splits where the crust is under tension.
a. Plug domes are formed when lava is too viscous to flow over the
edges of craters or from fissure on the sides of the volcano pile up in
the form of great domes.
b. Parasitic cones are formed when great volcanoes develop new vents.