See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [Link]

net/publication/328150347

User Interface Designing: Colour Therapy Sharing Application

Article in International Journal of Engineering Research · October 2018

CITATION READS

1 653

4 authors, including:

Maryam Tawfeeq Mustafa Saeed

University of California, San Diego Cihan University of Sulaimaniya
3 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 28 PUBLICATIONS 82 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mustafa Saeed on 08 October 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

User Interface Designing: Colour Therapy

Sharing Application
Nasr S. Hadi Tawfeeq M. Tawfeeq Mustafa Gh. Saeed
Software Engineering Department Software Engineering Department Computer Science Department
College Of Computer Science And College Of Computer Science And Cihan University
Mathematics Mathematics Sulaimaniya - Kurdistan region- Iraq
University of Mosul University of Mosul
Mosul – Iraq Mosul – Iraq

Abstract- Each colour has an effect on the human in such as feeling tired, pain in neck, shoulders, wrists or
different manner, by learning how each colour affecting us, lower back.
We can use colours in an effective manner to confer us an
extra energy when we need it. Different colours can be used In our subconscious, colours have a heavy impact
for the treatment of different diseases. In Modern society, on the person's mood. This effect varies depending on
computer device has become an integral part of our life. The people and their culture, but there is a set of primary
increase of using digital devices has led to the emergence of colours with clear influence marked on a wide range of
variant side effects on the musculature such as neck and people, for example the blue colour of the sky gives people
shoulder pain associated with the use of computer, in addition a sense of comfort and tranquility, the green colour of
to the computer vision syndrome (CVS) which is a gardens-on the other hand- gives a sense of happiness and
combination of eye and vision problems associated with the
pleasure. [1][8]
use of digital devices, that cover eye strain, irritation,
headache, tired eyes, redness, blurred vision and diplopia. The
Colour can be used to heal the body. If the
RT
process of designing a user interface with colour in software
engineering can be quite complex and challenging. When frequency of a colour aligns with the emotion needed, it
challenges to colour planning are recast as opportunities for activates micro particles in the brain, so healing can take
development, designing with colour can be optimized and place. [14] Therefore, it was not surprising that scientists in
IJE

creativity unlock. In this paper, a theory called "Computer the United States requested from the prison administrations
Model Therapy (CMT)" has been proposed to minimize the to paint the walls of prison with Rose (pink) colour, and
side effects on users that have been clarified and to protect found it has a relaxing effect on prisoners, so it can easily
healthy people against such effects by developing a user's benefit from the effect of colours on the mood of
interface depending on colour therapy science.
computer's user to give an atmosphere of comfort and joy
Keywords— User Interface design; Colour Therapy; Computer without great effort or cost. [6][5]
Model Therapy; Chromo-therapy;
User interface design is science and an art as well.
[Link] It shows artistic talent in creating attractive and beautiful
With rapid scientific and technological progress which element in design, while the core of the user interface is the
covers all aspects of life, personal computer has become an logic of exchange. It's often overlooked for such things as
integral part of daily life for adults and children. Using light, colour and contrast, which negatively affect interface
computers for long hours every day, has led to worry about across distracting the user from the important things in
the impact of exposure to the computer screen on eye design. [9]
health in the long term. What is the best way to minimize
any effects may be caused by the use of computer on health Depending on these simple ideas, a theory called"
especially on the eyes?. [10][11] Computer Model Therapy (CMT)" was suggested and
applied to contribute in solving the problems that have
Researches [2][7][11][4] have shown scientific been made obvious by merging the science of colour
conduction during the past years and there are specific therapy with the design of user interfaces. Two
symptoms affect people health who use the computer for questionnaires have been conducted. The purpose of the
long periods. Doctors called these symptoms collectively first one is to gather the user's requirements as being a part
"distress symptom related to the use of computer". These of the requirements of the theory, through user's
symptoms include feeling of tiredness in the eyes that requirement, the favorite colours and the number of models
could sometimes be accompanied with headache or a sense have been selected and built. The second questionnaire was
of itching and burning in the eyes with temporary periods performed after applying CMT theory on Two experiments,
of blurred vision or double vision with readable characters the first was on a computer application and the second was
overlap with each other. Person might get one or all of on a web application, then it was evaluated through
these symptoms, in addition to other indirect symptoms applying two experiments.

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 343

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

II . RELATED WORKS [Link] & MATERIALS

Many researchers have worked on computer vision
syndrome and other worked on colour theory and made Scientists studied the effects of colour on mood, health and
questionnaires about colour therapy. The following is a the way of thinking. The preference of a certain colour to
brief explanation about their works: another lies in the mechanism of its effects on human
In 2007[5] Lynnay Huchendorf studied the effect of colour feelings. Scientists attributed these to the human eye which
on memory and found that students in the sample can recall absorbs light and turn it into another form of energy that is
more words when warm colours (red, yellow) are used for able to see the colour. This energy affects even people who
background, than cold colours ( green , blue ) or even are blind and visually impaired as well as their feelings.
white. Working light energy activates the adrenal (pituitary and
In 2011[7] Mark Rosenfield found that in appropriate pineal gland) which organize the secretion of hormones and
oculomotor response, lack of blinking and dry eye are the affect the physiological organs in the body. [12][14]
major causes of CVS. Therefore; he studied the reasons
A. Colour Therapy
behind the occurrence of dry eye and noted the presence of
eight factors (environmental factor, reduce blinking rate, There are different methods to administer colour
incomplete blinking, increased corneal exposure, age and therapy to a patient. One method is coloured body wraps,
gender, systemic diseases, medications, contact leans ware where the individual is wrapped in a cloth of the necessary
and ocular conditions). He tried finding advices for some of colour to treat his illness. Eating certain colours of food, or
these reasons. drinking water from a coloured glass is another method of
In 2012[11] Sameena Kobab and Mohd Khan explained treatment.
the definition of computer vision syndrome, etiology, The scientific aspect of colour therapy explains that colour
symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. therapy works through the regulation of the pineal gland as
In 2013[8] Mi Kyoung Kim and Sung Don Kang studied shown in Fig 2. The pineal gland contains melatonin and
the effect of colour on a sample of patient with stroke and serotonin. Melatonin is associated with sleep, whereas
their caregivers, they found a significant. serotonin is associated with wakefulness. When an
In 2014[4] J.H Anderson [Link], studied the effect of using individual produces too much melatonin, they can suffer
the computer mouse and the keyboard on arm, neck and from depression. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter whose
shoulder pain. They found that they cause severe but not action is linked with mental disturbances, such as
RT

prolonged or chronic pain. Using the mouse could cause schizophrenia and hallucinogenic states.
greater pain on the hand –arm region.
IJE

III. BASIC RULES OF COLOUR THEORY

Colour Theory is a set of principles used to create
harmonious colour combinations. Colour relationships can
be visually represented with a colour wheel where the
colour spectrum is wrapped onto a circle. The process of
designing colour is too subjective, i.e. what evokes one
reaction in one person may evoke a different reaction in
another. This could be sometimes attributed to personal
preference, or to the cultural background. Colour theory is
a science in itself. Studying how colours affect different
people, either individually or collectively. The colour
wheel is a visual representation of the colour theory
[3][6][14], as shown in fig 1.

Fig 2. The human brain

The discovery of colours and their impact in terms of

physical and mental health of a human was his great merit
in treating many diseases. However; it was too far in
thinking in the construction and design of colours, so that it
serves a private computer user. Today computer users are
increasing in number as well as the times of dealing with
them.

Fig. 1. Colour Wheel [3]

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 344

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

B. Colour Chart TABLE 2. Information on Cultural Symbolism of Various Colours

Colour is an important visual element of most user
Colour Cultural Significance
interfaces; colour is associated with meanings and elicits China - symbol of celebration and luck,
emotional responses. In order to prevent confusion in used in many cultural ceremonies
meaning, colour must be used consistently and to obtain the that range from funerals to weddings.
desired emotional responses, colour must be used India - colour of purity (used in
wedding outfits).
appropriately. Red United States - Christmas colour when
Some colour preference points are expressed in the combined with green, Valentines
following: Day when combined with pink,
• Self-expression (choosing colours that match the indicates stop (danger) at traffic lights.
Eastern cultures - signifies joy when
attributes) combined with white.
• Achievement (choosing therapy colours) Asia - sacred, imperial.
Yellow
Aversion against certain colours might also gives Western cultures - joy, happiness.
information. Possible explanations are shown in Table 1 China - associated with immortality.
Colombia - associated with soap.
[1][3][6][8][12][14]. Hindus - the colour of Krishna.
Blue Jews - holiness.
TABLE 1. Colours Preferences and Meanings Middle East - protective colour.
* Note: Blue is often considered to be
the safest global colour.
1 Red: Brings warmth and motivation, good for energy, colds, Ireland - religious significance
(Protestant).
Increases sexual desire and activity. Orange
United States - inexpensive goods,
2 Orange: has worked on editing the body. Helps absorb new Halloween (with black).
ideas. China - studies indicate this is not a
3 good colour choice for packaging,
Yellow: Helps strengthen the nerves and mind. It is an
green hats mean a man's wife is
excellent colour for nervous conditions or nerve or related cheating on him.
diseases. It also activates muscle. France - studies indicate this is not a
4 Green: Green acts upon the sympathetic nervous system. It good colour choice for packaging.
relieves tension in the blood vessels and lowers the blood India - the colour of Islam.
RT
pressure. It acts upon the nervous system as a sedative and is Green Ireland - religious significance
helpful in sleeplessness, exhaustion, and irritability. (Catholic).
5 Some tropical countries - associated
Blue: is cool and soothing, dreamy and magical. Peace and
with danger
rest. United States - indicates go (safe) at
IJE

6 Violet / Purple: Bring sleep. Reduce sexual activity. traffic lights, environmental
awareness, St. Patrick's Day, Christmas
Reduce sensitivity to pain
colour (red and green).
7 Pink: Heals grief and sadness. Restores freshness. Brings
Purple Western cultures - royalty.
you in touch with your feelings.
Brown Colombia - discourages sales.
8 Brown: Brown can be warm and comfortable but also Eastern cultures - mourning, death.
depression. Suitable for people's lives and people are stable Japan - white carnations signify death.
White
and good friends. United States - purity (used in
9 weddings).
Black: Black preference: symbolizes dangerous, dark, Black Western cultures - mourning, death.
depression, death, mourning, mystery, secrecy, Hindu - sacred colour. (orangish peach
10 Saffron
White: White is the colour of perfection; white and colour)
United States - symbol for
harmony bring all aspects of one's life. Rainbow
homosexuality.

C. Colour Symbolism by Culture D. Age / Gender and colour

Certain symbolic values in every country and culture In early childhood colours are used more subjectively
are related to colours. There are various sources where from age three to six. Children strongly prefer colours to
these symbolic meanings are included. Colour symbolism shapes while at later stages of development the opposite is
may vary dramatically among different cultures[6]. The true. Younger children usually attract to bright , strong and
following table contains information on the cultural warm colours, while colours become softer by time
symbolism of various colours are shown in Table 2. [3] progress. Besides, every society has some specific
characteristics about colour perception in gender
differences. A study showed that women tend to have
favorite colour more than men. [6]

E. The Effect Of Colour On Memory

It is widely accepted in scientific community that
arousal and interesting events stay longer in memory as
these events cause hormonal changes in human's brain
which lead to enhance memory. Since colours increase

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 345

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

arousing and attention, they can be used to enhance environment becomes even more challenging. Analyzing
memory. To conform this, a study was made by software engineering application is of high investment cost,
Mcconnohie in 1999, he made a slideshow of alphanumeric which is usually conducted by the system analyst or by the
character and showed it to a classroom of middle scholars analysis team. Analyzing the requirements usually involves
and asked them to recall as many characters as they could. taking into account both functional and non-functional
He repeated this three times with different background requirements and requires both technical and business
colours (white, (red or yellow), (green or blue)) and the expertise. The last step of the requirements analysis process
black for the character written. The study showed that includes validating all elements of the requirements
when he used warm colours (red or yellow) students recall specifications document. Faults are corrected and slight
more characters than when using white or cool colours changes on the requirements of the planned software
(green or blue).[5] solution can be absorbed. [9]
F. The Effect Of Colour On Health
Chromotherapy is very old, dating back to ancient
Egypt, Greece, China and India. While using sunlight as a
form of healing predates the assumed debut on
chromotherapy in recorded history. It is possible that it was
either frowned upon or lacking practical utilization in those
eras to use the individual aspects of the colour spectrum as
a means of healing, rather than using their combined role in
the form of sunlight [6][14].

A number of studies[12][14] have addressed the impact of

colour on human health and his recovery. Psychotherapists
have used colours to treat acute neurological diseases,
nervous breakdown, anxiety, insomnia and mental
disorders. The colour was also used by Psychotherapists in
Fig. 3. Life Cycle of User Interface Design
addressing some of the physical ailments resulting from
depression and black thoughts and in cases where some Customers are only satisfied when their
RT
patients are reluctant for disclosure outweighs, including requirements are consistently met. To be competitive, these
who suffer of many mental illnesses. Mi Kyoung Kim and requirements must met in a timely and cost effective
Sung Don Kang proved that colour therapy improves manner, as shown in Fig 4.
IJE

"Purpose In Life" (PIL) for patients with post-stroke

disability and caregivers. Furthermore, colour therapy Asking the customer should be the start. However,
would be a useful factor for improving the quality of life of this is only a start. Organizations, which have become
patients with stroke and their caregivers [8]. adept at TQM (Total Quality Management), are able to go
well beyond asking the customer to anticipate the future
[Link] INTERFACE DESIGN needs and desires of their customers. Second, customer
satisfaction must be continually monitored. The only
The process of creating a visual language and determina-tion of "quality" that really matters is the
hierarchy that allows user to use and to be attracted to any customer's perception. Customer's feedback and
application with the focus on the user’s experience and participation in the process is something essential. Formal
interaction called (User Interface Design, UID),which is as and continuous monitoring keep the organization focused.
important as any other part of software development life Third, manage-ment must make sure that everybody knows
cycle. The goal of user interface design is to make the their customers, both internal and external. Furthermore, it
user’s interaction as simple and efficient as possible. In is essential that everybody can "see" the ultimate customers
terms of accomplishing the user's goals, it is also called using their products and services. Employees at all levels of
user-centered design[13]. Fig 3 illustrates the Life cycle of the organization should be given opportunities to observe
user interface design. the customer using their products and services. All
employees should understand how each process is used in
Three important principles determine the design of
producing products and services add value to the customer.
effective user interfaces as follows:
[13]
1) place the user in control,
Understanding and applying these three principles
2) reduce the user’s memory load, and
at all levels of the organization, customer's focus will be
3) make the interface consistent.
pervasive.
An organized design process must be conducted to
achieve an interface that abides by these principles.

Designing interfaces is not an easy task. When interfaces

are organized in a software engineering, setting the

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 346

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

of colours of males and females has been found, according

to the table shown in Fig. 7.

The question about the reason for choosing these

colours, most of the answers were the sense of
psychological comfort in dealing with colours. The
question about the influence of colours on health was
98.5% "do not know", 2.5% of the answers was "doubt"
any possible impact on health. While the question about
the effect of colour on people mood was 47.5% "not
know", 9.5% "not sure" and 44% "know". Whereas, the
question about the effect of spontaneous changing colour in
specific period in front of people reduces feeling tired, the
answer was 83.5% "not know" and 17.5% "not sure".
Finally, the question about mood that is faced during the
day, the answer was 38% "three cases" of mood are faced
during the day and 62.5% "four cases" are faced during the
Fig. 4. Interaction Design Model day in the period between (8-12 a.m.), which are inactivity,
fatigue, tedium and insomnia.
[Link] SCALE
Thus; all health-related studies indicate that
Many colour gradations are available. Each of colours have pros and cons. In this study we try to focus on
which consists of transformations of three colours. In our the positive side of the topic, and how to be useful to the
paper questionnaire on 56 males and 56 females from computer user.
different ages, seven colours have been chosen for
evolution coded to the text colour (Fig 5) and ten colours to The simple results we have attained, give us
the background colour. (Fig 6). motivation to national thinking about building a computer
model that helps the user make a change in the psyche of
RT
his performance to work better and efficiently.

VII. Proposed Work

IJE

Fig 5. Text Colour Code

As computers became part of our everyday life,
modern living may give a rise to a number of visual and
ophthalmic problems collectively called "the Computer
Vision Syndrome" (CVS). The American Optometric
Fig. 6. Background Colour Code
Association defines computer vision synd-rome as a
group of eye and vision- related problems that occur due
to prolonged computer usage. The ocular discomfort
appears to increase with the amount of computer usage. Up
to 90% of computer users may experience visual
symptoms like blurred vision, eyestrain, headaches, ocular
discomfort, dry eye and diplopia. In addition, Computer
use may have an adverse effect on musculoskeletal
outcomes.

For years, scientists have studied the effects of

colour on our moods, health, and the way of thinking.
When the energy of colour enters our bodies, it stimulates
the pituitary and pineal glands. This in turn affects the
production of certain hormones, which in turn affect a
variety of physiological processes. This explains why
colour has been found to have such a direct influence on
Fig. 7. Choice of Colour
our thoughts, moods, and behaviour. An influence believed
to be clearly separate by many experts from psychological
A. Findings and cultural factors. Colour seems to have an effect even
In this section, some high level usage results from the on blind people, who are thought to sense colour as a result
field study are presented . of energy vibrations created within the body.
B. Basic Results
Studies have shown that red light stimulates the
Through these random numbers and different ages, as
sympathetic nervous system, while white and blue light
well as sex male and female, great variation in the choice

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 347

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Some The third model includes blue as software
colours may increase the production of certain hormones, background colour and orange colour for writing as it has
while other colours inhibit it. Specific colours can also the ability to help in tedium, exhaustion and reduce muscle
have an effect on specific diseases. Symptoms of severe spasm (And helps in the digestive process).
eruptive diseases such as measles and chickenpox were
recovered when patients were put in a room with red The fourth model includes pink or violet colour
windows. Similarly, pain and depression respond well to for software background as it has a calming or smoothing
therapy using flashing bright lights and coloured lights. effect on the body, elimination of insomnia, loosen the
These treatments have been shown to alter neuro-chemical muscles and create a romantic ambience, and the blue is
production in the brain, thus explaining their positive used for writing.
effects. Scientists now believe that the brain has specific
responses to different frequencies of colours. They point The fifth model was developed as a basic model
out that sleep problems can often be cured within a day by that starts working after each model change. It could be
this method. Mood change takes a little longer- about one described as a refreshing model for the user that appear for
to two weeks of treatments. a short time only. It contains green as a background colour
and purple for writing. The analyzing phase of CMT could
The process of designing can be complex and be described in Fig.8.
challenging. When challenges to colour planning are recast
as opportunities for development, designing with colour
can be optimized and creativity unlock.

To solve the problem of computer vision

syndrome by making use of the effect of colours on our
health, mood and behavior, a theory called Computer
Model Therapy (CMT) was suggested. Where the
requirements from the user's perspective is the elimination
of the problems that have been noted in advance, by
developing five models based on psychological states
RT
experienced by the users of computer along the day. The
results obtained from the questionnaire of different age and
gender samples, show that users who depend on computer
in their job and used it for long time, face four
IJE

psychological states, which are inactivity, fatigue, tedium Figure 8. CMT Use Case Diagram
and insomnia including eye, neck and shoulder pain.
Designing phase of CMT could be described as in Fig. 9.
Each model was developed based on colours
therapy science with the design of user interfaces. Every
model composed of two colours, one for the background of
the user interface and the other is for writing. Interface
appears to the user to let him choose the option of applying
CMT theory for the software that will be used, either as
default or customize to enable the user choose a model he
wants to use or not to apply CMT theory.

The first model will appear to the users at the

beginning of their work which include red as a background,
as this colour is associated with activity, vitality and
increases the body energy by activating the adrenal gland.
The blue is used for writing due to its ability to renew the
activity of the nervous system and remove tension. It has
also a calming effect on the body. After a specific period of
time this model will gradually fade away and a new model
will appear.

The second model includes green as software

background colour as it has the ability to absorb the
negative energy like fatigue and depression, and the blue
colour for writing.

Figure 9. CMT Sequence Diagram

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 348

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

[Link] STUDY
This paragraph presents the testing and evaluating
the performance of CMT theory and is implemented
practically and discussed based on the results obtained.

CMT theory is applied by displaying an interface

to users when they start to use the software or the web
sites. This interface is composed of three options as
follows:

1. Default
2. Customize
3. None of the above, as in Figure 10.
Fig. 11. Applying CMT Theory on HSIS

A questionnaire was made on 50 employees (30

males, 20 females) working on this software. The question
is about the emergence of different side effects on the
musculature such as neck and shoulder pain associated with
the use of computer in addition to the computer vision
syndrome (CVS). The answer was 100% "suffer from"
these symptoms.

Refactor was applied on (HSIS) software to

encounter CMT theory design, and the option "default" was
chosen for twenty days, then another questionnaire was
made on the same sample of employees. The result was
82% get rid of the pain in the neck and shoulders,
RT
headache and computer vision syndrome (CVS)
Figure 10. Interface CMT Theory "completely", 12% get rid of computer vision syndrome
"incompletely", 6% found slight improvement which is
The first option allows CMT theory to perform hardly noticeable and 0% answered there was "no
IJE

automatically by operating models in Sequenced way. The improvement" after applying the CMT theory.
second option allows the user to select the model he likes
depending on his mood. The third option is the non- B. The second experiment: testing the performance of
application of CMT theory and keeping the software / web CMT theory on websites application and discussing
sites as it is. the results that have been obtained.

When activating CMT theory, an option appears to CMT Theory was applied on Social networking
the users at the bottom of the screen presenting notification site called (?) which has been submitted on the internal
massages within specific periods of time to alert the users Server to serve a group of companies in Mosul city to share
to take a break for at least three minutes and do a specific information such as buying and selling prices and stock
movement to the neck, the shoulder and the back in prices for twenty days.
addition to instructions on how to sit in front of a computer
. As in the first experiment, A questionnaire was
made on 50 employees working on (?) the answer to the
A. The first experiment: testing the performance of CMT question was 100% "suffer from" these symptoms.
theory on computer application and discussing the
results that have been obtained. Another questionnaire was prepared to identify the
results of this study and to find out their effects on users.
CMT theory was applied on a software called 78% of the results was get rid of the pain in the neck and
(HSIS) which was used in several colleges in the university the shoulders, headache and computer vision syndrome
of Mosul to manage the graduates' information System. (CVS) "completely", 12% has recovered from computer
This program was applied by employees from 8:00 a.m. to vision syndrome "incompletely", 10% found little
3:00 p.m. (See Fig. 11). improvement which is hardly noticeable, and 0% of the
answers "no improvement" after applying the CMT theory.

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 349

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

C. Evaluation of CMT theory. REFERENCE

[1] Andrew J. Elliot., Markus A. Maier., Arlen C. Moller., Jorg
To evaluate CMT theory, answers obtained from Meinhardt., (2007), "Colour and Psychological Functioning: The
the questionnaire which was applied based on two Effect of Red on Performance Attainment", Journal of
experiments (computer application, web application) were Experimental Psychology: 2007, Vol. 136, No. 1, 154 –168.
collected. The answers which refer to get rid of pain [2] Clayton Blehm., Seema Vishnu., Ashbala Khattak., Shrabanee
Mitra., Richard W. Yee., (2005)," Computer Vision Syndrome: A
completely, incomplete pain reduction and minor pain Review", Surv. Ophthalmol, Volume 50, Issue 3 , Pages 253-262,
reduction in the neck, shoulders and computer vision May 2005.
syndrome were calculated. (See table 3). [3] Hye-Yeon, Lim., " The Effect of Colour in Web Page Design",
course EDC 385G Interactive Multimedia Design & Production,
TABLE 3. Evaluation of CMT University of Texas, Austin.
[4] J H Andersen, M Harhoff, S Grimstrup, I Vilstrup, C F Lassen, L
P A Brandt, et al A I Kryger, E Overgaard, K D Hansen, S
improvement

improvement
Incompletely

Mikkelsen.,(2008), "Computer mouse use predicts acute pain but

completely

not prolonged or chronic pain in the neck and shoulder", Occup

slight

total
NO.

no
Environ Med2008;65:126–131.
doi:10.1136/oem.2007.033506,Volume 65, Issue 2.
[5] Lynnay, Huchendorf., (2007), "The Effects of Colour on Memory
1 82% 12% 6% 0% 100% ", UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research X, 1-4.
2 78% 12% 10% 0% 100% [6] Mario, De Bortoli., Jesús, Maroto., (2009), "Colours Across
Cultures: Translating Colours in Interactive Marketing
Communications", Proceedings of the European Languages and
the Implementation of Communication and Information
It's observed from the table above that applying Technologies (Elicit) conference, University of Paisley, ISBN: 0-
CMT theory has succeeded by a large margin in 9541774-0-1.
eliminating the side effects of computer uses on muscular [7] Mark, Rosenfield., (2011)," Computer vision syndrome: a review
system and computer vision syndrome. of ocular causes and potential treatments", Ophthalmic Physiol
Opt 2011, 31, 502–515. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00834.x ,
ISSN 0275-5408.
[Link]
[8] Mi Kyoung Kim , Sung Don Kang., (2013), " Effects of Art
In this paper a theory called " Computer Model Therapy Using Colour on Purpose in Life in Patients with Stroke
Therapy" (CMT) was proposed and applied to contribute and Their Caregivers", Yonsei Med J 54(1):15-20/2013, Volume
RT
54, Number 1, pISSN: 0513-5796, January 2013.
in solving the musculature problems as neck and shoulder
[9] Pressman, R., (2010), "Software Engineering:A Practitioner’s
pain associated with the use of computer in addition to the Approach", 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, ISBN
computer vision syndrome (CVS) by merging the science 978-0-07-337597-7.
IJE

of colour therapy with the user interfaces design. [10] Rimli Barthakur, MS., (2013),"Computer Vision Syndrome",
Internet Journal of Medical Update, Vol 8, No 2, 1-2. July 2013.
CMT theory was applied based on two experiments [11] Sameena, Kokab., Mohd, Inayatullah Khan., (2012),
(computer application, web application). The results which "COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: A SHORT REVIEW",
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences/Volume
have been obtained was a positive indication on the 1/Issue 6/December-2012 .
appearance of variant of side effects syndromes [12] Samina T. Yousuf Azeemi., S. Mohsin Raza., (2005),"A Critical
accompanied with the use of computer. Analysis of Chromotherapy and Its Scientific Evolution", eCAM
2005 ;2(4)481– 488, doi:10.1093/ecam/neh137.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [13] Sommerville, Ian.,(2011), " Software engineering",9th Edition,
Addison-Wesley, USA, ISBN-13: 978-0-13-703515-1.
I would like to express my sincere thanks and
[14] Zena, O’Connor.,(2011), "Colour Psychology and Colour
gratitude to the University of Mosul and companies, for Therapy: Caveat Emptor", 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Volume
extending all the necessary help and support in pursuing 36, Number 3, June 2011.
the research activity that led to the preparation of this
paper.

IJERTV3IS080061 [Link] 350

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
View publication stats