FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Topics in the presentation:

Part I
Computer: Components of Computer, Characteristics,
Types and Applications of Computer, Advantages,
Limitations; Hardware, Software, Humanware,
Firmware, Liveware.

Part II (In another Presentation)

Software: Types of Software, Translator: Interpreter,
Compiler & Assembler; Linker & Loader, Computer
Virus and Worms.
1 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 PART -I
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
 A computer is an electronic device that
accepts data as input, processes the data,
and produces an output according to a
series of stored instructions.
 The term computer is derived from the
word “compute”. The word compute means
to “calculate”.
 It consist of two main parts the hardware
and software.
 Computer performs both simple and
complex operations.
2 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

Memory Unit

Data CPU Information

Input Unit Output Unit
Register

CU ALU

3 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 Cont...
 Input/ Output Unit: The device the user interacts with the
computer.
 Input unit accepts data from the user.
 Output unit provides the processed data i.e. the information
to the user
 Central Processing Unit: CPU controls, supervises the
operations of the computer and processing the input data.
ALU: Performs all the arithmetic and logic operations.
CU: Controls the overall operations of the computer.
Registers: Small memory on the CPU for temporary storage of
data, instructions, addresses and intermediate results
 Memory Unit: Stores the data, instructions, intermediate
output, temporarily during the processing of data. i.e RAM.
4 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 CHARACTERITICS OF A COMPUTER
 Speed:The computer can process data very fast, at the
rate of millions of instruction per second.
 Accuracy: Computer provides a high degree of
accuracy/correctness.
 Versatility:Computer is versatile in nature that is it can
perform different type of tasks with ease.
 Storage Capability:Large volume of data and
information can be store in the computer.
 Communication: Computer can help user to
communicate or share information with another user
5 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 TYPES OF COMPUTER
BASED ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITY

 Analog Computer: Computer that handles

or process information based on physical
nature. Eg. Thermometer, speedometer, etc.
 Digital computer:- Computer that process
information essentially in a binary or two
state form i.e 0 and 1.
 Hybrid Computers:- Capable of processing
information digitally as well as with analog
signal
6 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
 Computer are used to process, store and sharing of
data and information.
 Computer is used to Manage different kinds of
Organisation and Institution like in banking,
colleges, etc.
 In Science like weather forecasting.
 In Engineering like designing and controlling an
aircraft.
 In Education as an ICT tool that aids teaching.
 Gaming, Entertainments, etc.
7 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
TYPES OF COMPUTER BASED ON SIZE AND PROCESSING POWER
Micro Computer
 Desktop computer- A personal or
micro-computer sufficient to fit on a
desk
 Laptop computer- A portable
computer complete with an
integrated screen and mother board.
It is smaller in size than a desktop.
 Palmtop /Notebook/PDA: - A hand-
sized palmtops computer where the
screen serves as an input and output
devices.
8 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
Cont...
Workstation
 The terminal or desktop computer in a
network designed for specialized tasks.
 Can tackle tasks with a high processing
speed.
 Can also be an ordinary personal computer
attached to a LAN (local area network).
Mainframe
 A very large and expensive computer
capable of supporting hundreds or even
thousands of users simultaneously.
 Used to store, manage, and process large
amounts of data that need to be reliable,
secure, and centralized.
 Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet.
9 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
Cont...
Supercomputer
 The fastest types of computer
and are very expensive
 used for specialised application
e.g. Weather forecasting,
nuclear energy research,
petroleum exploration.
 Eg. Param 8000, Cray XC40,
etc.

10 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS
 Computer helps to automate various tasks, to do a works that cannot
be perform by human capability.
 It helps user organize and Back-up data and information with ease
 Through the internet user can use many search engines to find
information quickly.
 Computer help people work from home and save time and money.
 Computer allow people across the globe to communicate with each
other.
 Computer support Faster data transfer – like Sending Email, SMS, Fax
, fund transfer, ATM machine's and online Bill payment, etc.
 Computer has become useful to different sector of the economy like
farming, banking, transportation, etc

11 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 LIMITATION OF COMPUTERS
 No Self Intelligence: Computer does not have perceived
intelligence on its own. Its intelligence is develop by people that
design the program or software. Hence it cannot distinguish
between the good and bad inputs and output
 No Decision-Making Power: Computer cannot take any
decisions on its own. It does only those tasks which are already
instructed to it.
 No learning power: Computer has no learning power. Once we
give instructions to a computer how to perform a one task, other
related task cannot be learn and perform by itself.
 Health and Social Issues: It can have negative effects on health
and social life when user could not maintain balance between time
online and offline.
12 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 SOME IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
 Hardware  Firmware
 Firmware is a software program
 Includes the electronics, permanently imprinted into a
physical or mechanical hardware device or chips (eg BIOS),
devices parts of a Keyboard, Hard disk, Drone etc. It
provides the low-level operation of a
computer also refer as computer devices
peripheral devices.  Humanware
 Software  Humanware is hardware and
 Software is a set of software that emphasizes user
capability and empowerment and
instructions, data or the design of the user interface
program used to operate  Liveware
a computer and  Liveware are the people involved in
performs a particular the operation of a computer system
task. usually thought of as a component of
the system.

13 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 COMPUTER HARDWARE
MAIN COMPUTER COMPONENTS
 Main components – Motherboard, processor
(CPU), Memory (RAM), Storage (CD ROM,
Hard Drive, Floppy), Expansion Cards (NIC,
Sound, Video), SMPS.

Expansion Cards

CPU

Motherboard

RAM
SMPS
14 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020
 CPU – CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

 CPU –It is the central processing unit or the brain of

computer.
 Speed is measured in Gigahertz.
 Recent Products – Intel Quad core, Pentium, Atom, i3,i5,i7
 AMD-AMD Phenom™ II X6 , AMD Phenom™ II X2 Black,
AMD Athlon™ II X3

15 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is the central printed circuit board
(PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of the
crucial components of the system, providing connectors
for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes
alternatively known as the mainboard, system board,
or, on Apple computers, the logic board.

16 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 SMPS
SMPS stands for Switched Mode Power Supply. It is basically
a power supply unit. SMPS supplies power to motherboard,
storage drives, floppy drives, rom drives. Depending on the
system the waltage of the SMPS varies from 200 watt to
1000 watt.

17 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 COMPUTER MEMORY
Computer’s Memory is the storage area inside a computer that we
can store data, files and information:
 Primary Memory: Primary memory is the computer’s
working storage area.
• RAM- Random Access Memory is used to temporarily
store information and data that the computer is currently
working with, data and information get lost when the
computer is turn off.
• ROM– Read Only Memory is a permanent type of primary
memory storage use for storing basic programs that does
not change. It is also called a Volatile Memory. E.g BIOS.
 Secondary Memory: Secondary Memory is used to store
data and information permanently even when the power is
switched off. It is also called Auxiliary memory or Backup
memory.
E.g. Hard disks and Floppy Disks.

18 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 STORAGE DEVICE
Primary Memory:

RAM
BIOS
Secondary Memory:

HARDISK PENDRIVE FLOOPY DRIVE

19 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
 Input devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Joystick

 Output devices
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speakers
 Projectors

20 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 OTHER PERIPHERAL DEVICES
 Peripheral devices – an optional piece of equipment that can be added
to a computer to enhance functionality
 Webcam
 Wireless USB
 Bluetooth headphones
 Microphone.
 Etc

21 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020

 THANK YOU.

22 Created By: Niphri Rymbai 4/25/2020