Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Djilali BOUNAAMA University - Khemis Miliana(UDBKM)

Faculty of Science and Technology
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

Chapter 1

Introduction :
1. Introduction to Computer Science

MI-L1-UEF121 : Algorithms and Data Structures I

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 Course
Topics
1. Computer science

2. Hardware and Equipment

3. Softwares

4. Jobs and Professions

5. Studies

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Computer Science

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 Computer Science

Definition
Computer Science

 Computer Science designates the automation of information processing

by a concrete (machine) or an abstract system.

 Example: “John”, “Smith”, 30000

 Computer Science refers to all of the sciences and techniques related to

information processing.

 Computer Science can also refer to what relates to computer

hardware (electronics), and office automation (bureautique).

 The French translation is « L’informatique »

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 Computer Science

Approach
Computer Science

« Computer Science is the automated processing of data (or information) by an

electronic device: the computer »
 Data or Information : computer manipulates numbers

 can represent various types of information: numbers (calculations or

accounting), text, letters (characters), images or videos

 converting this information into a series of numbers raises the problem of data
format, coding and standardized formats

 Automated :

 the processing is defined in a program which runs on its own,

 the user simply provides processing parameters

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 establishing this program is the
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 Computer Science

Approach
Computer Science

« Computer Science is the automated processing of data (or information) by an

electronic device: the computer »
 Processing these data is :

 create : automatic acquisition, type text, draw an image, record sound or video

 analyse : number analysis, finding word occurrences, identifying an object,

speech recognition

 modify : calculations, typing text, modifying existing text, modifying contrast,

brightness, colors, applying effects

 archive and restore

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 Definitions

Definitions
 Informatics (science de l'information) : the study of systems, biological or artificial,
Computer Science

that record, process and communicate information.

 Computer science (l'Informatique théorique) : procedural epistemology, the study

of algorithms, software, and computers.

 Computer engineering (Génie informatique) : the manufacture and use of

computer hardware.

 Software engineering (Génie logiciel ou ingénierie de logiciel) : software modeling

and development

 Information technology (Technologies de l'information) : Represents the evolution

of techniques and technologies related to Computer Science.

 Information and communication technology : (Technologies de l'information et

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de la communication TIC) ASD I Noureddine AZZOUZA
 Application areas

Application areas of Computer Science

Computer Science

 Computer Science for management :

 guide management and management processes in companies,

 areas of activity: human resources management, sales administration,

purchasing management, marketing, finance

 Computer Science scientifique:

 assist design engineers in industrial engineering fields

 design and size equipment using calculation programs

 used in design offices to simulate scenarios quickly and reliably.

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 Application areas

Application areas of Computer Science

Computer Science

 Real time Computer Science :

 define software for controlling systems in direct contact with the world

 aeronautics, space, weaponry, miniaturization of circuits

 Knowledge management : (L'ingénierie des connaissances)

 consists of managing innovation processes

 bring coherence between the three areas of management, real time, and
scientific

 Intelligence (Intelligence ou Veille) Economic and strategic :

 use information technologies to search for information (search engines)

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Hardware & Equipment

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 Hardware & Equipment

Definitions
Hardware & Equipment

 Computer materiel is all the components that can be found in a

computer, peripherals and embedded devices.

 To designate Computer materiel & equipment, we also use the

English term “hardware”.

 A computer is a set of electronic circuits for manipulating data in

binary form, represented by variations of an electrical signal.

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 Hardware & Equipment

Types of computers
Hardware & Equipment

 Computers or PC: desktop or laptop

 composed of a central unit: a case containing the motherboard, processor, RAM,

power supply, and storage units.

 A console: a screen (output), a keyboard and a mouse (input).

 Various peripherals: a printer, a scanner, etc..

 Workstations:

 Particularly powerful and expensive PCs,

 used only for professional purposes

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 Hardware & Equipment

Types of computers
Hardware & Equipment

 Mainframes

 A cabinet houses the CPU and power supply, one or more storage devices (hard
drive, backup) while Hardware & Network Equipment (router, hubs, modem) are
in the same room (separate racks).

 An administration console (screen, keyboard, etc.) is located in this same room.

 Servers:

 universal storage location for users connected to servers

 perform tasks: serve as a firewall, host a web server, etc.

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 Hardware & Equipment

Components of a computer
Hardware & Equipment

 UCT or CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor : includes command and control
unit (UCC) + arithmetic and logical unit (UAL).

 Read-Only Memory: (ROM)

 contains programs essential to the operation of the hardware.

 Random Access Memory: (RAM)

 Required for the execution of any program (Volatile).

 Peripheral devices

 all units intended for reading or writing information (keyboard, screen, printer

 These devices are physically connected by electrical tracks (lines) called buses

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 SoftWare

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 Softwares

Definition
 A Software refers to the intangible part of Computer Science, the
organization and processing of information: programs.

 A Software is a set of programs that allows a computer or

Softwares

computer system to perform a particular task or function

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 Software Categories

Software Categories
According to According to
use the license

System
Paid (Owners)
Softwares

Software

Application
Free
Software

Open source
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 Software Categories

Softwares according to use

 System Software:
 Operating systems: MS Windows, Linux Ubuntu, Androis, iOS, Mac OS..
Communication

 Device drivers: Motherboard drivers, graphics card drivers, etc.

 Firmware: BIOS, UEFI, Embedded systems...
 Programming language tools: Interpreter, compiler and assemblers,
 Utilities: Anti-virus (Avast, McAfee), CCleaner, WinRAR, ...

 Application Software:
 Content Management: MS Word, Google Docs...
 Database Management: MS Access, MySQL, Oracle ...
 Multimedia: Adobe Photoshop, VLC Media Player, Inkscape ...
 Web browser: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, ...
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 Accounting and Management: SAP, Ciel, ASD
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 Software Categories

Softwares according to the license

 Paid software:
 MS Office, SAP, Sky
Communication

 Freeware:
 Adobe Reader, Skype, TeamViewer, ...

 Shareware:
 Adobe Acrobat, Winzip, etc.

 Free Software (Open Source):

 Moodle, Mozilla Firefox, Apache Web Server..

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 Jobs &
Professions
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 Jobs & Professions

Computer scientist
Jobs & Professions

 Computer scientist works in Computer Science.

 The variety of computer scientists reflects on the one hand

computer techniques and on the other hand methods of
organizing computer work.

 It is illustrated in the context of research, system design,

production and management, maintenance.

 These activities may concern the hardware domain and/or the

software domain.
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 Jobs & Professions

Opportunities and Jobs

Jobs & Professions

Private Public
sector Sector

Independent
(Freelancer)

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 Jobs & Professions

Public Sector
Jobs & Professions

IT engineer

IT Technician

Teaching in fundamental

Teaching in professional training

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 Jobs & Professions

Private sector
Jobs & Professions

Software developer

Web and mobile developer

Systems and network administrator

Database administrator

Information systems architect

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 Studies

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 Studies

« Mathematics and Computer

Science » domain
 The mathematics and computer science path is intended for
students who wish to have a solid foundation in computer science
and mathematics.

 The first year (L1) is designed to allow you to choose and opt for a
Studies

more specialized path in computer science or mathematics.

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 Studies

« Mathematics and Computer

Science » domain

Mathematics

Mathematics
Studies

and Computer
Science
Computer
Science

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 Licence en Informatique

Objectives
• basic general training in the fundamental areas of Computer
01 Science: Operating Systems, Algorithmics, ...

• specialized training in computer systems: Information systems,

02 Databases, etc.
Studies

• Prepare a Master's degree in computer science or others

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• mastery of programming languages to approach a development

04 or administration profession

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 Licence en Informatique

Continuation to Master's Studies

Software engineering

Networks and Distributed Systems

The path is spread over
04 semesters, the last Intelligent Computer Systems
Master in
semester is devoted to a Computer
Studies

project. Science Computer Systems Security

Software Engineering and Distributed

Systems

Artificiel Intelligence and Big Data

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 Licence en Informatique

Continuation to Master's Studies

Bachelor of
Computer Science

Bridges are possible

between the computer Master in
Mater in Technology
Mathematics
science degree and other
Studies

fields:
Applied
Electronics
mathematics

Operational Telecommunication
research Systems

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 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Djilali BOUNAAMA University - Khemis Miliana(UDBKM)
Faculty of Science and Technology
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

Chapter 1

Introduction :
1. Introduction to Computer Science

MI-L1-UEF121 : Algorithms and Data Structures I

Noureddine AZZOUZA

31