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Rational Numbers: Addition, Properties, and Exercises

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12 views68 pages

Rational Numbers: Addition, Properties, and Exercises

Uploaded by

sandeep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Rational Numbers
EXERCISE 1(A)

Question 1.
Add, each pair of rational numbers, given below, and show that their addition (sum) is
also a rational number:

Solution:
Question 2.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 3.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 4.
For each pair of rational numbers, verify commutative property of addition of rational
numbers:

Solution:
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.

Question 5.
For each set of rational numbers, given below, verify the associative property of addition
of rational numbers:

Solution:
This verifies associative property of the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies associative property of the addition of rational numbers.
This verifies associative property of the addition of rational numbers.
Question 6.
Write the additive inverse (negative) of:

Solution:

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks:

Solution:
Question 8.
State, true or false:

Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False

EXERCISE 1(B)
Question 1.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 2.
Subtract:

Solution:
Question 3.
The sum of two rational numbers is . If one of them is , find the other.
Solution:
The sum of two rational numbers =
And, one of the numbers =
Question 5.
The sum of the two rational numbers is -6. If one of them is , find the other.
Solution:
Question 6.
Which rational number should be added to to get ?
Solution:

Question 7.
Which rational number should be added to to get ?
Solution:

Question 8.
Which rational number should be subtracted from to get ?
Solution:
Question 9.
(i) What should be subtracted from -2 to get
(ii) What should be added to -2 to get
Solution:
Question 10.
Evaluate:

solution
EXERCISE 1(C)
Question 1.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 2.
Multiply:

Solution:
Solution:
Question 3.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 4.
Multiply each rational number, given below, by one (1):

Solution:

Question 5.
For each pair of rational numbers, given below, verify that the multiplication is
commutative:
Solution:
Question 6.
Write the reciprocal (multiplicative inverse) of each rational number, given below :
Solution:

Question 7.
Find the reciprocal (multiplicative inverse) of:
Solution:

Question 8.

Solution:
Question 9.

Solution:
Question 10.
Name the multiplication property of rational numbers shown below :

Solution:
(i) Commutativity property.
(ii) Associativity property.
(iii) Distributivity property.
(iv) Existence of inverse.
(v) Existence of identity.
(vi) Existence of inverse.

Question 11.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The product of two positive rational numbers is always ……………
(ii) The product of two negative rational numbers is always ……………
(iii) If two rational numbers have opposite signs then their product is always …………..
(iv) The reciprocal of a positive rational number is ………. and the reciprocal of a
negative raitonal number is ……………
(v) Rational number 0 has ………….. reciprocal.
(vi) The product of a rational number and its reciprocal is ………..
(vii) The numbers ……….. and ……….. are their own reciprocals.
(viii) If m is reciprocal of n, then the reciprocal of n is ………….
Solution:
(i) The product of two positive rational numbers is always positive.
(ii) The product of two negative rational numbers is always positive.
(iii) If two rational numbers have opposite signs then their product is always negative.
(iv) The reciprocal of a positive rational number is positive and the reciprocal of a
negative raitonal number is negative.
(v) Rational number 0 has no reciprocal.
(vi) The product of a rational number and its reciprocal is 1.
(vii) The numbers 1 and -1 are their own reciprocals.
(viii)If m is reciprocal of n, then the reciprocal of n is m.

EXERCISE 1(D)

Question 1.
Evaluate:

Solution:
Question 2.
Divide:
Solution:
Question 3.
The product of two rational numbers is -2. If one of them is , find the other.
Solution:
Question 4.
The product of two numbers is . If one of them is , find the other.
Solution:

Question 5.
m and n are two rational numbers such that
Solution:

Question 6.
By what number must be multiplied so that the product is ?

Solution:
Question 7.
By what number should be multiplied to get 16?
Solution:

Question 8.
If 3 litres of milk costs ₹49, find the cost of one litre of milk?

Solution:

Question 9.
Cost of 3 metre of cloth is ₹88 . What is the cost of 1 metre of cloth?
Solution:
Question 10.
Divide the sum of and by .
Solution:

Question 11.

Solution:
Question 12.
The product of two rational numbers is -5. If one of these numbers is , find the other.
Solution:
Question 13.

Solution:
EXERCISE 1(E)

Question 1.

Solution:

Question 2.

Solution:

Question 3.
Insert one rational number between (0 7 and 8 (ii) 3.5 and 5
(i) 2 and 3.2
(ii) 3.5 and 5
(iii) 2 and 3.2
(iv) 4.2 and 3.6
(v) and 2
Solution:
Question 4.
Insert two rational numbers between
(i) 6 and 7
(ii) 4.8 and 6
(iii) 2.7 and 6.3
Solution:
Question 5.
Insert three rational numbers between
(i) 3 and 4
(ii) 10 and 12
Solution:
Question 6.
Insert five rational numbers between and
Solution:
LCM of denominators 5 and 3 is 15

Question 7.
Insert six rational numbers between and
Solution:
Question 8.
Insert seven rational numbers between 2 and 3.
Solution:

Common questions

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To verify the commutativity of multiplication, show that for rational numbers a and b, a × b = b × a. Take specific numbers like 3/4 and 2/5; calculate 3/4 × 2/5 = 6/20 = 3/10 and 2/5 × 3/4 = 6/20 = 3/10. Since both products are equal, commutativity is confirmed .

To find a rational number between two given rational numbers like 2 and 3, you can use the midpoint method: calculate (2+3)/2, which gives 2.5, a rational number between them. Alternatively, you can express both numbers with common denominators and identify a number with a numerator between them .

Zero lacks a reciprocal because division by zero is undefined, which means computations requiring multiplication by a reciprocal, such as solving reciprocated equations involving zero as a divisor, are not possible. This restriction underlies significant limitations in algebraic manipulations involving zero .

To determine the missing rational number x given sum S and a known rational number y, solve for x in the equation y + x = S. Rearranging gives x = S - y. For example, if the sum S is 7 and one number is 3, then the missing number x = 7 - 3 = 4 .

The associative property of addition for rational numbers states that for any rational numbers a, b, and c, the equation (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) is true. For instance, with rational numbers 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4, both (1/4 + 1/2) + 3/4 and 1/4 + (1/2 + 3/4) equal 1.5, confirming the associative property .

The commutative property of addition states that for any rational numbers a and b, the equation a + b = b + a holds true. For example, if we take the rational numbers 1/3 and 2/3, their sum in both orders (1/3 + 2/3 and 2/3 + 1/3) results in 3/3, or 1, thus verifying the commutative property for these rational numbers .

No, the product of two negative rational numbers is positive. This follows from the rule that multiplying two numbers with the same sign (both positive or both negative) results in a positive product. Thus, even though both numbers are individually negative, their product is positive .

The distributive property states that for rational numbers a, b, and c, a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c). For instance, with a = 1/2, b = 2/3, c = 4/3, the property can be verified: 1/2 × (2/3 + 4/3) = 1/2 × 2 = 1, which equals (1/2 × 2/3) + (1/2 × 4/3) = 1/3 + 2/3 = 1 .

The reciprocal of a rational number a/b is b/a, provided a and b are non-zero. The numbers 1 and -1 are their own reciprocals since the reciprocal of 1 is 1/1 (which is 1), and the reciprocal of -1 is -1/1 (which is -1).

The identity property states that any rational number multiplied by 1 remains unchanged, demonstrating the identity element for multiplication. For example, multiplying 4/5 by 1 results in 4/5, verifying the property that 1 is the multiplicative identity for rational numbers .

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