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LGBTQ Health Disparities and Discrimination

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166 views3 pages

LGBTQ Health Disparities and Discrimination

Uploaded by

padual johndavid
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

According to the U.S office of disease prevention and health promotion, LGBTQ people face
significant health challenges a result of social stigma, discrimination.

STIGMA, BULLYING AND FAMILY REJECTION

Biases against LGBTQ people from their family, religious community, work and school
affect their mental health and personal safety. LGBTQ people are more likely to be bullied in
school than other students. This has serious health repercussions, as peer victimization is a
leading cause of high risk sexual behaviors in middle and high school students.

Additionally, disclosing one's gender or sexual identity can cause significant interpersonal
challenges at home when parents or guardians fail to accept and support their child. Because of
family rejection LGBTQ people are overrepresented in foster care and are more likely to
become homeless than other their age.

DISCRIMINATION

Discrimination against LGBTQ individuals has been associated with high rates of psychiatric
disorders, substance abuse and suicide. LGBTQ population have the highest rates of drug use,
including the use of tobacco and alcohol. Elderly LGBTQ people face additional barriers to
health, especially because of isolation and a lack of culturally component provides.

One of the things that society does to marginalize certain group of people is to ignore them and
pretend that they are invisible. In the United States, this has happened to Indigenous peoples,
to people of African descent, and the homeless. Today it is happening to people who are
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ). It happens in most societies all around
the world, where LGBTQ people are not even spoken about. Most of the time, especially in
schools, the only reference heard to gay people is when one student calls another a "faggot"
Name-calling is bad, but social invisibility and silence can be even more detrimental, because
they have the effect of denying someone's humanity. If some LGBTQ people insist on making
their presence known, the dominant culture reacts with hostility. This persistent discrimination
against the LGBTQ community causes disruption of individuals well being, be faced with
unfortunate adversity, and have negative effect on society as a whole.

Negative attitudes toward LGBTQ students in school put them at an increased risk for violence
and I'll health, as compared to heterosexual students. In 2015, a nationwide study by the
Centers for Disease Control found that LGBTQ students were nearly three times more likely
than straight students to stay home from school due to of safety concerns. 34% reported being
bullied on school property and 10% were threatened or injured with a weapon on school
property. 28% were bullied electronically. The study went on to link exposure to violence to
negative effects on the mental health of these students. "Nearly one-third (29%) of LGBTQ
youth attempted suicide at least once in the prior year compared to 6% of heterosexual youth"
("LGBT Youth | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual , and Transgender Health | CDC", 2017).

Unfortunately, school is not the first place where LGBTQ youth experience discrimination. For
many, it begins at home, often the instant they speak openly about their sexual orientation.
Coming out can be traumatic, with half of LGBTQ teens experiencing a negative reaction from
parents. Of those, 30% are subjected to physical violence and 26% end up being thrown out of
their homes. In the U.S., approximately 40% of all homeless youth are LGBTQ( Friedman, 2014).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes and discusses how the researchers will be gather the necessary data and
information that will be used in the entire study. It describes who will be the respondents and
focus of the research. This also shows the procedure of data collection, procedure of analyzing
data and instruments used; these chapters also discuss the research design of the study, and
the research locale where the study will be conducted.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used the Phenomenological method of qualitative research that aims to determine
the struggles of LGBTQ people who experiencing Discrimination and how they able to cope up
when they encounter discrimination in their life.

According to Dr. Waters J. (2017), the goal of qualitative Phenomenological research is to


describe a "Lived Experience" of a phenomenon. As this is a qualitative analysis of narrative
data, methods to analyze its data must be quite different from more traditional or quantitative
methods of research. Essentially, you are focuse on meaning, the meaning of experience,
behaviour, narrative, etc.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The study was conducted in a selected people in Barangay Maslog, Lawaan Easten Samar.

THE RESPONDENTS

The respondents in this study are composed of ten randomly randomly selected LGBTQ people
from the Barangay Maslog , Lawaan Easten Samar.

Common questions

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The lack of culturally competent healthcare providers negatively affects the health of elderly LGBTQ individuals by limiting their access to appropriate and sensitive medical care. This deficiency leads to misdiagnoses, a lack of trust in healthcare systems, and ultimately delays in seeking medical attention. The compounded effects of social isolation and inadequate understanding from health services can exacerbate chronic conditions and mental health issues prevalent within this community .

Bullying plays a detrimental role in the health outcomes of LGBTQ students. It increases their risk of violence, substance abuse, and mental health issues. The CDC reported that these students are significantly more likely than their heterosexual peers to miss school due to safety concerns, and nearly three times more likely to be involved in suicidal behaviors. The link between bullying and negative health outcomes is evident in the elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression observed in LGBTQ students who experience school-based victimization .

The high prevalence of homelessness among LGBTQ youth is primarily caused by familial rejection, often stemming from the disclosure of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Many are expelled from their homes or subjected to unbearable conditions, prompting them to leave. With inadequate social support and resources, these youths face higher risks of homelessness compared to their heterosexual peers .

Physical violence against LGBTQ youth at home can lead to severe psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and increased risk of substance abuse. The trauma from such violence can also lead to long-term issues with self-esteem, trust, and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, these experiences can contribute to suicidal ideations and behaviors, as they signify an acute lack of safety and acceptance within their most intimate environments .

School-based discrimination has long-term negative impacts on the life outcomes of LGBTQ youth, including disrupted educational attainment and subsequent limited employment opportunities. The stress and trauma from systemic bullying and violence contribute to mental health issues such as depression and substance abuse, potentially leading to a cycle of socio-economic disadvantage. These compounded adversities hinder their ability to succeed in adult life, affecting income, stability, and overall quality of life .

One of the main challenges of using qualitative research to study LGBTQ discrimination is ensuring the authentic representation of participants' narratives without imposing researcher biases. This can be addressed by maintaining transparency in data collection and analysis processes. Additionally, defining clear research protocols and employing reflexivity, where researchers continually assess their assumptions, helps in mitigating biases. Ensuring participatory involvement of LGBTQ individuals in the research design and implementation can enhance the validity and reliability of the findings .

The societal invisibility of LGBTQ individuals, characterized by ignoring them or pretending they do not exist, significantly harms their mental and emotional wellbeing. This neglect denies them acknowledgment of their identity, contributing to feelings of worthlessness and depression. The absence of representation in media and discussions prevents them from seeing themselves positively reflected in society, which can lead to internalized stigma and a reduced sense of belonging .

LGBTQ individuals face significant mental health challenges due to social stigma and discrimination, which include high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Discrimination and bullying contribute to these issues by causing stress and a lack of support from family, increasing the likelihood of poor mental health outcomes. For instance, harassment in schools and social isolation are linked to higher incidences of depression and anxiety .

The Phenomenological research method helps in understanding the personal and subjective experiences of discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals by focusing on their lived experiences. This qualitative approach allows researchers to gather narrative data that highlights the emotional and psychological impact of discrimination, offering deeper insights into how individuals process and cope with these experiences. Thus, it captures the essence of their struggles and resilience in a way that quantitative methods cannot .

Familial rejection leads to significant socio-economic disadvantages for LGBTQ youth. Many face homelessness, with approximately 40% of homeless youth identifying as LGBTQ due to being thrown out of their homes or fleeing due to intolerable conditions. This lack of stable housing often results in increased vulnerability to poverty and limits access to continuing education and stable employment opportunities .

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