Megulk-3 1.

12 24
simaion paramedons -
Fimalion da mcdhod yuhfeh we
cen
simat tR valur b popu lafto parmelir.

(o Poin imatto
() oHenv skimaioy.
Poin Eimden
Apink estima ome populafoy
Populalio

a
Partamete0 açing valit
cfatsice 8.
afdemepopulakhom
+eA is on edmate
eimataotAe
paramedert 9 and ii's
CAmatoe
ahee tompuk
Artor a ampl c i z n 1it a poín
esfimct Re populaften anametur M
asdimak
Strmlaxy P i s a point
r u u proportion do a binomi al
LXpeemnent
Ynbiased edimakoc
oto be a
wd
talis-ics
unbiad -Mdimaton sRe populatto
Partomefe o if

i t an unbiat Amat ot H
becau
 Prtove kat s i a n unkiok eimafo
DtK pacamek 6

e - )
wR have

A - (-4)J

EX X C; -1(-4)

X-MM

nC-4)
n

nn
-no-)
sn-1)
2

So, ECs) = 2

ncais an ubiasu ihimador h

Portamen (troya)
 Mo ficle nf este motort-(varidnte uR)
1f te Onsieln all posibu tnbrand
.
SOM Populalion pramuter
lemelororu SMalleyastsan
Thon Re tmatort Koviug
efiuiant eemafort
i talled 4Re mo

1matVal ekamein-
*

inval. evkimelion s
a popula
For -
ind Re nteryal of
parcamutar .we
forcm
Csh & and depend a vakur
R 4afisdies Aorn a particulo
Sampla andas0 0)- Sampling
elrcibufiof
GeAly Ao iturya eimation
dindha upPart and lotwer botune
Cuch haf

u ) is calhe'conttenCoftciect
Cake cw
deju Conden. ln dhe
co +a e have atob(1«)
Conienu a t b 'i hat inkutvrl.
 Sing &amplu eAtmating - man
Case dorn Knatwn )

TtDM defstton Condian- iodotmolon

we hav
1-
/2
-d

P(-- Ke 4 2 R)I-
P (x- t #I-
hru
h

Te0yarta conuelrtosio ticoVAtLo ANor

a Samplu meaiuee munks Hoken i 36
iroenk, localione in tven Aoud
to be 6 ams Pen m. ind h 95y and

1 . tonfen etevc) Aon ha maa kn

Concnt ation n he tiveNAseumA
a
hap

Populadion sHannd devatin t 0.9mAl

 36

6 .3 /ml
fot q57,
we hav 1oo ( d) 1

0.0AS
o025
ene : gs7. conficlenu indlarval fort

ort97
I-d 0. 19.

00oS
.

[Link] RS45
danu e 11. Contindenctndanvel don

26-(a.c4s) 36 (.3ts)
.14
 Note
1.14 X s u s t a n Admak 4 n
tue can b 160 X1-d) T Conpfianu Raf

te ennot; i l ot axcano

2. e u d as an RAtma Cn
we can b tod (1-d)Z Confiden a

A ertito will ns4 ex ceed a peiAia

amount whe

( cuhat is -te AXIMm

MaXtmum
lo Re ptttviuL RKample
E Covffiokence
ertton.
we have 95.
tequute if we

i) how larne a samplu ie

auF
tonfidence Mat
wantto be 5 0.05.
eAimae s u han

ol () Hk d= 0 15
o 0.0S

0.02S

196

u
The MOrimum erton

0. 018
0 0S
H e r errtot
=
2
2

ale- ( )= 188.2
19
 OMe aideol Bounol
Tke 1 oAe sideo bound AontR idimaioy

siokd bouid or
ienilay-R isks o
1R esdimalibm aMA X+KA V
F o r t unkn an tmal sample
30)
InRis Ca e 1ooC-a. Cowiden
interva is

- xt4

TDLGide L bouno is

Cast:3(Aon unknem an lartgeSamla

90
Jn-it Case 10o(1 1 . Coniolon
intertva
 r oueaiokebound

Tk CgRP Sht siofee hound i

imlat conBarneru of
toufamka
arte 8 , 10., Io.f, .8,
Culpuerc ac 9). coniolents
anol . 6 lte .ttud a
10, 10 Contentu dt alt cuch
meon
itertval fon
"an apprtox imaetly
Condainrtt astLr ng

disdeihu-fo.
ncR Mal
samplu)
er n 7 mall
S4
ampl Ma) X

Sauwple SD S
nE-x
nCn-1

41.109.96 4900)
8.34'

seVo.0g

- . qS
[Link]
0S
 a444
itenval {
nce -ki Reqte coioenet

M Xt td
03
10-3.11t

144 10 a4
o Scholastic
sehotekitkaptitu tat C8AT) ualuteu
Gut a a tanolbun Sccmpu 00
hih schoo tenionsin &t ot Texa
at colkeked and e sample MAOn dne
[Link] rounod to bi so an 11a
ttpactwelfind a 17. cenfilanca
ntanval o le Mean. TMahemaie
SCorta ort tanior

jantt n 5 5 60 ([Link])
wnknotom
Sample man X =501
Sanplu
.q9
O.01
 en ce h tCuie o Comd idenu indenval
LS

12
so- Sts yso6o

Stanodan ttnor a petuk estmat

deviattby a n etimator
TR Slanofand
- t a n o l a r t s l eMoN'
is Cal1.e
mean , Flandiart
For 1ikimelton.
estrot

en - cendan
he dondan
wnknston
H
ertton
olaenvakHion
indetval a
dututt ohsenvadion
Ptidicisu

a nónmal iate buioy 'o

Tort unknum Meo)
wh
lbo C-a)
MRaALtanaf 2
artiancL
. a
dnd Kneu)
Pitedichovteval.a f m s obsarvafroy

. NAt,
Ca Fon R uu Krocwn o uth 6mall sanpl)|
predic-ton TrVA

X+ Vt

Tlatante mt-
Ton anoremal dWruputian meau eemen
Cu unknsto) mean M ond unknw
b toleranta imels a t
aWenby
s kinä K a call telertante
Co etaiciene)
dferinaneduh Ratohe Can
auteL wH 1oD -T) 7. Contioence
that a van mitcontaius ol Lear
prtopovlBoy i meautemuh
oimaling he etence beltaetn-t»o mean
Hwo gamplu

Case t ane ari Kirtn )

Rt06 (Cr) . Coiene intertvaf
or te dfatonu belcieen lwo Mean
i - -4
, ) 1K
Cad23 tunknotwn buf gual)
, 2 = but unkn)

ert loo C) controfence ind enval

) ) <

2 2

Sp9
uhuteSp (1)S

erca e

t2
 D1 812 3

Cal8 J and 2
tunknotpn unequal)

HR he t6o
(t«) oide nee indertvak
[Link] L
betueeltuo
or ht idente
2

( ) S S
(A-Ma)

cohsr R didribulion s -ha

2
olr
rdom
(2 2
S
Tainelapt nee n tamplin afinj tusr
chote eleta fudy h a lorátod
ctntream m1R NeioMeue

potn
potee dmfon 1molhy aa mpls
Coleefeocd ho datunplcam eto
index a1
a nol 7t
vellut 3.11
tollectao
thele 1o Moudhy CamplA
a MlaN
upirean fatoy has
f- 119
inodx value , a.04 and e.D()=
fino oniolanca itertval Tor
qoi,
the ertente baween the populaiay
,means Aort he two loL&Aions assunm ng
aPptoximatilh
4 poplatiohaiohtare'noMh
ribd w ual varuanu
194 0mpu n$amplu.
4 3.11

a
S2 0448

e o" but unknstwn.

- 0.1

O. 0S
 oAtoo
l t 10
0

20

0.618

e 0% confielene mte t va tore

lenu
M CA pAwe wman

(311-2.1) -

14as x'0.618 2 1 A
(3.11-9.01)
1.0 0. 47 -4,t010 47 0.41

o. C13 A,- 4, 1. S44

t4iMalnq e prpot-liom (Stu cmp

petnt ccltmafore -1 Po Pote o)

VA)
i n a n o a l Pxpecimea
tohe e
by-dadiclice
X te prtespuk Hhe no g t ccws
Arias Thertfont, -1R &ompu
Ptopor-tto 1 u u c o ,o - e

psinéplenma o t e harameter .

JRdamging dubuion e
alicki mea i
EC)
P

x ).
2

tenet Dy Cen tal ewt-+oonem

the imdtng form skafrolice
Mort WARM
PP hat aSelanodancd
diofrubuti
 [Link] loo( a) . t onfindenca
intanval ilonM Potulalioy pMoporttio

N
Jn Campl
tanojtm S00 Tamie
x
having ulevitoy tete in Ra city
Canala i s doun,
a
famton
5%
340 ubsetibe toeBox iuel
a
HBO
Gtt)
aual
-teea
Conficlenu
intenve dort
wittlvicion
prioporhya danailing
substrube do
ikie erius k a
Cett

+180
Hert =340
S00
t-0.6
3400 68
01S
-
0 0 S

0 0as

internval ie
intenval is
H i u i r t e t v T i o f n t e

ten h o.68 fo-32

o.65t (19N SeD
068- 1 16)1AO 52

0.631 0.201
 Folmahug diflotenee botteen

indertyal
h t lbo (t- d)% Con:tidentt

fo A diclercsntt befceen oo
-,)- <t,-)
P2

ccain change in a proca Jor

Monudacuring comp8usnd yars, bgng tncin

Conidetd . Samplu u -fakpo

So t o ermine i HA
tesullk in an impHovnunf
prtota
14 45 of ikemt rtom -he RKisdin
15 00
be oefeutive
pmoc an dound o
Ctnd &o 2000 ilomg ftom he nud
ptocs Or sounc o be dedecAfv
hon tind a 10% Cbnfident intetval
Ke
tor 1 tttu dterenu in
okdecttve betmey -
prtopondtou
Moo prto tas
exieAn Cnoh
erifing
R

15U 000

1645
- D.0o17 < P P2 <0.023+
 Tofiwa1 he vor 10ut (iugle apir) 2

le
have
chi Aquau Matitte is
(1

2 2

(-1)s2 2
2

n-1)2
K/2
-1s -1)s 1-
al
intertval
e u 1so(1-). Conficence
.
LS

2
0-18 (-1)
2
tllereiug tr -kwehts

diseblebytain tompan
46 1 , 4.1, . g, 41.0 , 461
9 1s 8, 46., 45.31
ie a 95 . coniene ine va Mte t v a l

veteene eIgh ts
all uch packaja dislei buy -
Company
lule calcula A gamplu ValtianC

a8
ot g Confioaneu intertval
0 0S
0 05
e. n-i
19 03
025

tHenu h tuguirto teniont infetvel i

x6 . 2 2 2 X0.28

o135 6.3
 rolimad iug tallo badteon-la Vareion co.:
indertval for
T 00 (-d)2 tondiden
-e talio belueen dwo Vanuon ( , )

SV,V)
2
2

eimatioy -
.Maximum Likeli hooo
Civan indapankvs oksatyab
loma ro kabilily lilkibudion unclio
marimim Kelrhooo
HC 0 then e
h a which maximia
esttmator
hLikeliho ed dunc-tic

L , 0 ) - f;0) AG,;0)..S,o)

duntoy 3 9 but not

of esdima-lon
EFndJRe Maximum lixlihoo
in Poion ottbuelioy
he patomdlen
tanodom Sampty *X,
DyHakiug he
elilerbueltodunctioy
u ke poiton
(M)
kelikeihan une-lion
) = A (M0)f(a;o)..

in n CH

oo

x
 ain

clar ort
i
Mencee likelhoo Augclion
MAXimUM a

einmaoe
iklicod
Tute sorte H matimum

Qv
ple mean

eskimardene
ia e maaimum ixelihcod
and and s e lfona tandem cample
ecfes ftom monmal

Aiefubuliey
1g knston kat amplu Consiodtng st
a
R 4
1 3 . , 1 . 3 , 13 &ano
ralu 1, a ,
11. Coms fom a popul afoy uHh
dpnsiby funttio

0 , hrtuwisa

uamimum kelhood
ntnd e
Wimp

Suppoce lo ta-fk artt used in: a

biomuolit a! cludy tuhen h Crt

injecfa c CAh Cancet cell?, oA no
iVA Ca naen c{Mug
a

lo icmea heir UnVIVal.

desind
a e gunvival wes mwo
t H,27,18, 1a 8,aa, 18 , 19 and
14 ,
la

Asume hat éxpenenttaX. liAeabutisy

appuAA VR A Maximum .ukelthood

[Link] mCan Cunyival tenu