10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Theorems on Secants, Tangents,
Segments, and Sectors of a
Circle

CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Theorems on Secants, Tangents, Segments, and Sectors of a
Circle
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Theorems on Secants,
Tangents, Segments, and
Sectors of a Circle

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
 Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module contains activities, discussions and practice

exercises on secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Illustrate secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle,

• Identify secant, tangents, segments, and sectors given an illustration,
• Proves theorems on secants, tangents and segments, and
• Find an unknown measurement of an angle and segments formed when
secants and tangents intersect in a point inside, on and outside a circle.

What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following line segments intersects a circle at exactly two points?
A. line B. ray C. secant D. tangent

2. Which of the following is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and their
intercepted arc?
A. area B. circumference C. sector D. semicircle

3. How many pairs of common tangents can be drawn from the circles in Figure 1?

Figure 1

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

For items 4-8. In Figure 2, ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, and ̅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 are tangent segments of ⊙C

1 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Figure 2

4. Which of the following are the intercepted arcs of ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷?

A. DG and DBG C. BG and EB

B. EB and DG D. DG and BG

5. If 𝑚𝑚∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷=84, then what is the 𝑚𝑚∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷=_______.

A. 16° B. 31° C. 42° D. 168°

6. In the given figure, if measure of ̅AB�� is 12. Which of the following is the
measurement of ̅AD�� ?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12

7. Find the measurement of ∠F given that mDG =78.

a. 39° b. 102° c. 141° d. 156°

8. Which of the following is the m∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴?

a. 100° b. 90° c. 60° d. 45°

For items 9-13. Refer to Figure 3.

Figure 3

9. If ̅BC�� = 12 and ̅GC�� = 6, then which of the following is the length of ̅EG�� ?
a. 12 b. 18 c. 24 d. 72

10. If ̅AF�� = 8, ̅FB�� = 6, and ̅FG�� = 2, then which of the following is ̅EF�� ?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 16 d. 24

11. If m∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 70 and m AG = 80, then which of the following is m BE ?

a. 60° b. 70° c. 80° d. 220°

12. If m AB = 110 , m AG = 60 , and m BE = 100, then m =____.

a. 100° b. 75° c. 50° d. 25°

13. If m AB = 110, then which of the following is the 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴?

2 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 a. 55° b. 90° c. 110° d. 220°

14. The following statement is a theorem on two tangents intersecting outside a

circle.

If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

Which of the following is needed to show to prove the theorem?

⃡ and ⃡
∠BAE is an angle formed by 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 outside the circle. a.
∠BAE intercepts BE and EDB. b.
c. mBE < m EDB
1
d. ∠BAE = 2
(m EDB- mBE)

15. Which of the following describes a major sector of a circle?

a. A region bounded by two radii and an arc of the circle.
b. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measures 90°
c. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measures 180°
d. A region bounded by two radii and an arc which measure 200°.

What’s In

Before we proceed to our lesson, we need to review related concepts discussed

in your Math 8 and concepts discussed in the previous modules. Activity 1 is a review
on the Properties of Equality and Congruence, and Activity 2 is a review on chords,
arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.

3 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

Activity 1: Match Me
Match the mathematical statement in Column A by drawing an arrow to the
corresponding property of equality or congruence in Column B. You can match more
than one mathematical statement to one property.

Mathematical Statements Property of Equality or Congruence

1. 𝑚𝑚𝑚AB�� = 𝑚𝑚𝑚AB�� a. Addition Property of Equality

2. ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴≅̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 b. Subtraction Property of Equality

3. If ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≅ ̅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, then c. Transitive Property

̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + ̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 ≅ ̅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + ̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
d. Substitution Property
4. If ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≅ ̅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, then
̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 - ̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 ≅ ̅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 - ̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 e. Symmetric Property

5. If ∠A ≅ ∠B and ∠B ≅ ∠C f. Reflexive Property

then ∠A≅∠C

6. If m∠A = m∠B and m∠B = m∠C then m∠A=m∠C

7. If 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 and

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚= 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 then
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Activity 2: Can you illustrate me?

In each item, draw a circle illustrating the following parts. Label and thicken the
indicated part. You can use a colored pencil, crayon or marker.
1. Central angle A
2. Inscribed angle B
3. Points C and D on a circle
4. Points E and F outside a circle
5. Intercepted arc by a central angle G
6. Intercepted arc by an inscribed angle H

What’s New

Activity 3: Touch or Divide?

Do you think tangent lines and secant lines are the same? To answer this question,
consider the following illustrations of tangent lines and secant lines.

4 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

In the figures, ʘA and ʘB are intersected by tangent lines while ʘC and ʘD are
intersected by secant lines. Do you think there are similarities on tangent and secant
lines? How about their differences?

Tangent Line
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and
only one point. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the point
of tangency.

Figure 4

Example: In Figure 4, ⃡𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 intersects C at A only. Based on the definition of

tangent line, ⃡𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 is a tangent line and A is the point of tangency.

Secant
A secant is a line or segment or ray that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A
secant contains chord of a circle.

5 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Figure 5

Figure 5
Example: In Figure 5, ⃡𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 is a secant line of ʘA. It intersects the circle at two
points.
I

What Is It

The following is the summary of what to be discussed in this section:

1. Definition of Terms
2. Postulate on Tangent Line
3. Theorems on Tangent Line
4. Theorems on Angles formed by Tangent Lines and Secant Lines
5. Theorems on Segments formed by Tangent Segments and Secant Segments

Common Tangent
A common tangent is a line or segment or ray that is tangent to two circles in the
same plane.
a. Common internal tangents intersect the segment joining the centers of the two
circles.

𝑑𝑑

𝑐𝑐

Figure 6

Example: In Figure 6, 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 are both common internal tangents of ʘD and ʘE.
Notice that they intersect the line connecting the center of ʘD and ʘE.
b. Common external tangents are lines or rays or segment that do not intersect the
segment joining the centers of the two circles.

6 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 𝑡𝑡

𝑠𝑠

Figure 7

Example: In Figure 7,𝑡𝑡 and 𝑠𝑠 are common external tangents. Note that they do not
intersect the line connecting the centers of ʘM and ʘN.

External Secant Segment

An external secant segment is the part of a secant segment that is outside of a
circle.

Figure 8

Example: In Figure 8, secant segments are illustrated outside ʘC and ʘD. In ʘC. ̅AB��
is a segment of secant line ℎ and it is outside the circle. In ʘD, ̅EC�� and ̅FC��
are segments of secant line 𝑓𝑓 and secant line 𝑘𝑘 respectively outside the
circle. For these reasons, ̅AB�� , ̅EC�� and ̅FC�� are external secant segments.

Activity 4: Tangent or Secant

To check your understanding on tangent and secant lines, supply what is being
asked in the problems that follows.
1. In each figure, identify if the figure illustrates a tangent line, secant line, or
neither.

a. d.

7 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 b. e.

c.

2. In the circle, name which lines are tangent and which lines are secant.

3. In each figure, identify if common internal tangents, common external

tangents or neither are being illustrated.

8 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 a. c.

b. d.

4. In ʘC, identify which segments are external secant segment.

In item number 1, lines in letters a and d are tangent lines since they
intersect or touch a circle at only one point

9 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 a. d.

Lines in letters b and c are secant lines since each intersects a circle at two points.

b. c.

Line in letter e is neither a tangent line nor a secant line since it does not touch any
point on a circle.

e.

In item number 2, the only tangent line is ⃡𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 while the secant lines are ⃡𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 ,
⃡𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 and ⃡𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 .

10 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 In item number 3, letter d illustrates lines that are common internal
tangents,

c.

letter b illustrates lines that are common external tangents,

b.

and letter a and letter e both neither illustrate common internal tangents nor
common external tangents.

11 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 a. d.

In item 4, ̅AE�� is only the external secant line. ̅𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀, and ̅𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉 are segments outside
ʘC. Thus, the external segments of a secant line are ̅𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀, and ̅𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉.

Postulate on Tangent Line

At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that is tangent to
the circle.

Figure 9

To illustrate, consider ⊙R in Figure 9. If C is a point on the circle, then ̅AB�� is the

only line that can be drawn through C that is tangent to ʘR.

Theorems on Tangent Line

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency.

12 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Figure 10

In Figure 10, ̅AB�� is tangent to ʘR, at C. If we connect C to R, then ̅CR�� ⊥̅AB��

2. If a line is perpendicular to the radius of a circle at its endpoint on the circle, then
the line is tangent to the circle.

Figure 11

ʘQ in Figure 11, ̅QE�� and ̅QE�� is a radius of circle Q. Therefore, ̅DC�� is tangent to ʘQ.

3. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then the two
segments are congruent.

Figure 12

In Figure 12, ̅DC�� and ̅BC�� are tangent to circle A at D and B, respectively, from
the common external point, C. From the theorem, ̅BC�� .

13 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants
1. If two tangents intersect in the
exterior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is
one-half the difference of the
measures of the intercepted
arcs.

Figure 13

In Figure 13, tangent⃡BA and tangent ⃡𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 intersect outside ʘC at

point A. BE and EDB are the two intercepted arcs of BAE. The theorem
states that: m BAE = (𝑚𝑚 EDB 𝑚𝑚 BE) −
2. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

Figure 14
In Figure 14, ⃡𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 and ⃡𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 are two secants intersecting outside the circle
at point P. XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs ∠
of𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋
. The theorem states that: 𝑚𝑚
𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋= (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

3. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one-half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

14 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Figure 15

In Figure 15, secant ⃡NL and tangent ⃡LO intersect outside the circle at point
L.
OMN and QO are the two intercepted arcs of NLO. The theorem states that: m
NLO = (𝑚𝑚 OMN − 𝑚𝑚 QO)

4. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an angle
formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle
and its vertical angle.

Figure 16
In Figure 16,⃡𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 and ⃡𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 are two secants intersecting inside the circle.
WR and XS are the two intercepted arcs of while XW and RS are the two
intercepted arcs of . The theorem states that:
1
𝑚𝑚 (𝑚𝑚 WR + 𝑚𝑚 XS) 𝑚𝑚 ∠2=2 (𝑚𝑚 XW + 𝑚𝑚 RS)

15 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

5. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.

Figure 17
In Figure 17, ⃡ZP is tangent at the circle at Y. Secant ⃡QY and tangent ⃡ZP
intersectat Y. QY is the intercepted arc of ZYQ while YXQ is the intercepted arc of
QYP. The theorem states that:
1
m ZYQ= m QY m QYP = 2m YXQ

Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangents Segments, and External Segments

1. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and its external
secant segment.

Figure 18
�
In ʘA of Figure 18, ̅BC� and ̅DC� are secant segments from external point C. ̅EC�� is
�
the external secant segment of ̅BC�� and ̅FC�� is the external secant segment of̅DC�� .
The theorem states that:
(̅BC�� )•(̅EC�� )= (̅DC�� )• (̅FC�� )

2. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an exterior
point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to the
product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external secant segment.

16 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Figure 19

In ʘA of Figure 19, ̅EC�� and ̅DC�� are tangent segment and secant segment respectively
from external point C. ̅GC�� is the external secant segment of ̅DC�� . The theorem states
that:
(EC)2= (̅DC�� )•(̅GC�� )

3. If two secant lines intersect inside the circle, the product of the lengths of
segments formed inside the circle are equal.

Figure 20

In Figure 20, secant lines ⃡𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 and 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 intersect inside the circle. ̅𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺, ̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸, ̅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 and
̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 are the segments formed inside the circle. Thus,
(̅𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺)• (̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸) = (̅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅)• (̅𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸)

Activity 5: Match Me
Match illustrations in column A with the relationship about its angles formed,
tangent segment, and secant segments in column B. An illustration in column A can
be matched to more than one relationship in column B. Or more than one illustration
in column A can be match to one relationship in column B. In addition, any line
segment that looks like a tangent line is tangent, any line segment that looks like
secant line is secant and a point that looks like a point of tangency is really the point
of tangency.

Column A Column B

a. (̅DC�� )2= (̅FC�� )(̅HC�� )

b. (̅DC�� )(JC� ) = (̅FC�� )(̅HC�� )

c. ̅DC�� ≅̅FC��

d. If ̅BC�� is tangent to ʘA at D, then

1. ̅BC�� ⊥̅AD��

17 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 e. In ʘA, if ̅BC�� ⊥̅AD� , then ̅BC�� is tangent to the
circle at D

f. m ∠BCE = (𝑚𝑚 FGD − 𝑚𝑚 DF)

2.

g. m ∠BCE = (𝑚𝑚 FGD − 𝑚𝑚 JH)

h. m ∠BCE = (𝑚𝑚 FGD − 𝑚𝑚 DH)

i. (̅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷)• (̅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) = (̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵)• (̅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹)

3.

4.

5.

Did you answer the Match Me activity correctly?

After illustrating the theorems, we consider the proof of some in the next
discussions.

18 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

Proof
1. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
Step 1:To prove the theorem, it would be easier to transform to an equivalent if-then
statement using Figure 21.

Figure 21

Step 1: If-then: If ⃡𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 and ⃡𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 are two secants intersecting outside the circle
at
point P, XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs of 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 then
𝑚𝑚 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋= (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

Step 2: Identify the given and what to prove. In the if- then statement, the if
statement is the given and the then statement is the conclusion.

Step 2: Given:
⃡𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 and ⃡𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 are two secants intersecting outside the circle at point
P,
XY and MN are the two intercepted arcs of 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋

Need to Show: 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋= (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

Step 3: Prove now the theorem

Statement Reason
1. Connect N and Y, and M and By construction X
2. ∠XMY is an exterior angle of Definition of an exterior angle of a triangle.
ΔPXM.
3. m∠XMY=m ∠XPY+m ∠ NXM The measure of the exterior angle of a triangle
is equal to the sum of the measures of its remote interior angles.
4. MN is intercepted by inscribed Definition of intercepted arc NXM and
XY is intercepted by inscribed
∠XMY
5.m NXM mMN The measure of an inscribed angle is one half
∠
1 the measure of its intercepted arc.
∠ =2
m XMY 1 mXY
∠ =2
1 1 19 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5
2
mXY =m∠XPY+2
1 1
2
mXY 2
∠
 6. mMN Substitution from statements 3 to 5

7. - mMN =m XPY Subtraction Property

− By factoring
8. XPY (mXY mMN)

2. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.

Following the steps given in example 1,

Figure 22
Step 1: If,
• ⃡ZP is tangent to ʘO at Y, and
• Secant ⃡QY and tangent ⃡ZP intersectat Y then

m ZYQ= m QY and m QYP =

m YXQ
Step 2: Given:
⃡ZP is tangent to ʘO at Y
Secant ⃡QY and tangent ⃡ZP intersect at Y
Need to Show:
m ZYQ= m QY and m QYP = m YXQ
Proof: Since we need to show two relationships, the proof of the theorem shall be
divided into two. The first part of the proof is to show that m ZYQ= m QY. Consider
the proof that follows

Statement Reasons
[Link] O to Q and O to Y By construction forming
̅OQ�� and ̅OY��
2. YQ is intercepted by YOQ Definition of intercepted arc.
3. m YOQ=mYQ The measure of a central angle is equal to the
measure of its intercepted arc.
4.⃡ZP is tangent to the circle at Y Given

20 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 ∠
∠

If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is 5. ⃡ZP perpendicular to the

radius drawn to the point of
OY⊥ tangency.
6.m ZYO = 90 Perpendicular lines form a 90° angle.
7.∠ZYQ + QYO= ZYO Whole part postulate
8.m
∠ ZYQ ∠ = m ZYO-
∠ m QYO Subtraction Property
9.m ∠ZYQ
∠ = 90-∠ m ∠QYO∠ Substitution from statements 6 to 8
10. m ∠QYO = 90 - m ∠ZYQ Addition property of equality
11. ̅𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌 and ̅𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 are radii of ʘO Definition of radius of a circle
12. ̅𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌 = ̅𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 Radii of a circle are equal
13. ΔYOQ is an isosceles At least two sides of an isosceles triangle are
triangle equal
14.m ∠QYO= m ∠OQY Angles opposite the equal sides of an isosceles
triangles are equal.
15.m ∠QYO+ m ∠OQY + The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is
m∠YOQ= 180 180
16.m ∠QYO+ m ∠QYO + Substitution from statements 14 to 15
m∠YOQ= 180
17.2m ∠QYO+ m∠YOQ= 180 Simplification
18.2(90 - m∠ZYQ) + m∠YOQ= Substitution from statements 10 to 17
180
19. 180 - 2 m∠ZYQ + m∠YOQ= Distributive Property
180
20. - 2 m∠ZYQ + m∠YOQ = 0 Subtraction Property
21. m∠YOQ = 2 m∠ZYQ Addition Property
Division Property
YOQ = m ∠ZYQ
23. m∠YOQ = mYQ A central angle is equal to its intercepted arc.
Substitution from statements 23 to 22
mYQ= m ∠ZYQ

The first part is done for you, prove the second part of the theorem.

Activity 6: Can You Complete by Proof?

The other theorems will be left for you to prove.

The last concept we need to discuss is about sectors of a circle.

21 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

Sector of a Circle

Figure 23

The region of the circle bounded by radii and an arc are called sectors, as
illustrated Figure 23. The shaded region in the center circle is a minor sector since it
is bounded by a minor arc and radii. While the shaded region in the right most figure
is a major sector since it is bounded by two radii and a major arc.

What’s More

Activity 7. Apply the different theorems discussed to solve for the unknown in the
following exercises.

22 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

1. If mMKL = 220° , what is m∠MQL?

2. Suppose mCG = 6x + 5, mRA = 4x + 15, and m AEC = 120, Find

a. x b. mCG c. mRA

3. If mQNO = 238°, what is m∠PQO? m∠PQR?

23 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 What I Have Learned
In the previous activities that you have done, were
you able to apply the theorems you have learned?
In the next activity you are to summarize now your
understanding about the theorems.

I think I do!
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the relationship of two secants
intersecting in the exterior of a circle to the
measures of its intercepted arcs?

2. What is the relationship of a secant and a

tangent intersecting in the exterior of a circle to
its intercepted arcs?

3. What is the relationship of two secants intersecting in the interior of a circle

to the measures of the intercepted arcs and its vertical angles?

4. What is the relationship among the segments formed inside a circle when two
secant lines intersect in the interior of a circle?

5. How are the two secants segments drawn from the exterior point to the circle
related to their external secant segments?

6. How about if a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to the circle
from an exterior point, what will be its relationship to its segments formed?

What I Can Do
Did you know that the tire of a car touches the road at a point
when running? Or in other words, a tire is tangent on the road. What do you think
is the reason?
Can you cite 5 other situations where tangent line or secant line is applied
around us?

24 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 Assessment
Directions: Read carefully each item and write the letter of the correct
answer on a separates sheet of paper

1. Which of the following line segments intersects a circle at exactly two points?
A. line B. ray C. secant D. tangent

2. Which of the following is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and their
intercepted arc?
A. area B. circumference C. semicircle D. sector

For items 3-7. Refer to the figure at the right.

̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, ̅𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, and ̅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 are tangent segments of ⊙C.

3. Which of the following are the intercepted arcs of

∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴?
A. DG and DBG C. BG and EB
B. EB and DG D. DG and BG

4. If 𝑚𝑚∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷=84, then 𝑚𝑚∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷=_______.

A. 16° B. 42° C. 51° D. 168°

5. In the figure given that ̅AB�� is 12. Which of the following is the measurement of ̅AD�� ?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24

6. Find the measurement of ∠F given m DG =78.

A. 39° B. 102 ° C. 141 ° D. 156°

7. Which of the following is the m∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴?

A. 100° B. 90° C. 60° D. 45°

For items 8-15. Refer to the figure at the right.

8. If ̅BC�� = 12 and ̅GC�� = 6, then which of the following is the length

of ̅EG�� ?
A. 12 B. 18 C. 24 D. 72

9. If ̅AF�� = 8, ̅FB�� = 6, and ̅FG�� = 2, then which of the following is

̅EF�� ?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 16 D. 24

10. If m∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 70 and m AG = 80, then which of the following is the m BE ?

A. 60° B. 70° C. 80° D. 220°

25 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

11. If m AB = 110 , m AG = 60 , and m BE = 100, then m∠𝐶𝐶=____.
A. 100° B. 75° C. 50° D. 25°

12. If m AB = 110, then which of the following is the 𝑚𝑚∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴?_.

A. 55° B. 90° C. 110 ° D. 220°

13. Which of the following arcs is an intercepted arc of ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸?

A. EA B. AGB C. BG D. BEA

14. In the figure which of the following represents a tangent?

A. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 B. 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
̅ C. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 D. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

15. In the figure which of the following represents a secant?

A. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 B. 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
̅ C. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 D. ̅𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

Additional Activity

Mathematical Reasoning
Investigate and explain what is wrong with the student’s solution below.
𝑥𝑥 4
1. Solution: =
2 4
4𝑥𝑥 = 4(2)
𝑥𝑥 = 2

2. Solution: 𝑥𝑥2 = 4(10)

𝑥𝑥2 = 40
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥

26 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

 References

Nivera, Gladys C., Ph.D. and Minie Rose C. Lapinid, Ph.D.. 2015. Grade 10 Mathematics
Patterns and Practicalities. SalesianaBooks. Makati City. Don Bosco Press, Inc.
Callanta, M.M. [Link]. Mathematics- Garde 10 Learners Module, 2015, REX Bookstore, Inc.
Pasig City. November 6, 2019.
Ulpina, Jisela N., and Razon, Larida-M E, 2015. Grade 10 Math Builders New Enhanced
Edition. Mc Arthur Highway, Dalandan, Valenzuela [Link]-Es Publishing House
Inc.
Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn O. 2015. RBS Mathematics. E- Math 10. Nicanor
Reyes St. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Books Store, Inc

27 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 5

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