CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS
This chapter encompasses the research design, respondents of
the study and the data collection, which includes the data
gathering instrument and data gathering procedure. This chapter
also includes the statistical tool used and the data analysis.
Research Method
This study uses the descriptive method of research.
Descriptive research as defined by Dr. Y.P. Aggarwal is focused
on gathering of information about prevailing conditions or
situations for the purpose of description and interpretation. He
expounded that this type of research method is not simply
amassing and tabulating facts but it also includes proper
analyses, interpretation, comparisons, identification of trends
1
and relationships.
Additionally, Ritchie et al. said that by using the
descriptive method the researcher will be able to observe a large
1
“Factors affecting students’ decision in working abroad” (2010)
([Link]
Aggarwal-2008-descriptive-research-is-devoted-to-the/)
mass of target population and make required conclusions about the
2
variables.
A descriptive evaluative research design is a methodological
approach that aims to gather information about prevailing
conditions or situations for the purpose of description and
interpretation. It involves the collection of qualitative data in
the form of words and language, which is then analyzed and
described descriptively. This type of research method goes beyond
simply amassing and tabulating facts, and includes proper
analyses, interpretation, comparisons, identification of trends,
and relationships. It provides practical information that can be
used to address local issues or problems.3
The researcher by using descriptive research can effectively
design a structured questionnaire with both open ended and closed
ended questions. The information collected from the responses can
be statistically presented in this type of research method for a
careful interpretation of the report users. Since the researcher
is trying to analyse the impact of the Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD)
Program of the Philippine National Police for learners of public
2
Claire Rudison “Research Design” (2013)
([Link]
dba-candidate-)
3
“What is a descriptive evaluative research design?”(2023)
([Link]
research-design-7x7tw4hdqg)
secondary schools hence the researcher should effectively use the
descriptive method in order to statistically analyse the data.
This type of research design is used in this study in order
to properly describe and interpret the study regarding the impact
of the Barkada Kontra Droga (BKD) Program of the Philippine
National Police for learners of public secondary schools of
Angadanan Isabela as basis in formulating comprehensive.
Respondents of the Study
The researchers chose 50 respondents wherein they select 10
students in every public secondary school in Angadanan, Isabela.
The researchers pick and choose the respondents that are suitable
in our study who are knowledgeable about our research.
Anticipating their kind, support and help, the researchers
gathered the necessary data and information.
Data Gathering Instruments
The researchers used a self-made questionnaire in gathering
the needed data for the study regarding the impact of the Barkada
Kontra Droga (BKD) Program of the Philippine National Police for
learners of public secondary schools of Angadanan Isabela.
Questionnaires are written forms to gather relevant information,
the questions to be answered can be open - ended or close – ended
questions. A close – ended question allows the student to select
among the choices provided. An open – ended question allows the
students to explain briefly the questions that are asked included
in the questionnaire are the following: Profile of the students,
age, sex, strand, broad family income, school attended, the
assessment of the respondents on the barkada kontra droga program
in terms of purpose and objectives, personal, into
discrimination, implementation of program and project, monitoring
and evaluation mechanism, and surveillance, the problem
encountered by the respondents on the Barkada Kontra Droga
Program, a significant difference among the impact of the Barkada
Kontra Droga (BKD) Program of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) among the public secondary schools in Angadanan Isabela.
The formulation of the questionnaire is based on the contents of
the statement of the problem.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researches had undertaken in order to gather the
information, the following steps will be followed by the
researchers:
1. A letter of permission requesting to conduct the study will be
passed to the Vice President for Academic Affairs and the
respondents to start the study.
2. A letter of approval will be given to the Dean of the
Criminology Department.
3. The researcher formulated the questionnaire for the research
of the study.
4. The researchers floated and retrieved the answered
questionnaires from the respondents.
5. The researchers organized, analysed, and interpreted the
information gathered.
Statistical Tools Used
In order to analyse and interpret the gathered information,
the researchers used the following statistical tools:
Frequency. This will be used in determining the number of times
that each variable occurs. It is an important part of this study
especially in dealing with the number of occurrences and analyzes
measures of central tendency, dispersion and percentiles.
F
%= ∗100 %
N
Where:
% = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Total of Respondents
100 = given or constant.
Percentage (P). This formula will be used as a simplified means
of conveying size or scale or value. It is a useful method of
expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other
data. It is a display of data that specifies the percentage of
observations that exists for each data point or grouping of data
points.
n
P= × 100
N
Where:
P = percentage symbol
n = number in particular group
N = total number of respondents
100 = constant
Weighted Mean (x). This formula was used in determining the
average perception of the respondents. It is useful in
representing the entire data set with a single value that
describes the average answer of the respondents in the assessment
of the program.
x=
∑ fx
N
Where:
x = Mean
F = Frequency
X = Score of Respondents
N = Total Number of Respondents
Likert Scale. This was used to determine the level of
satisfaction of the respondents.
Interval Scale Interpretation
3.51 – 4.50 4 Most frequently
2.51 – 3.50 3 Frequently
1.51 – 2.50 2 Rarely
1.00 – 1.50 1 Never