WELCOME TO MY

PRESENTATION
TOPIC ON
CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO
Prof - Sh Deepak Kumar Bhardwaj
SUBMITTED BY
Daksh Kumawat

Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 Jaipur

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the contents of this project file is submitted by Daksh
Kumawat of class XII for the subject English is his bonafide work submitted to
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 for fulfilment of the requirements for CBSE
examinations of class XII. The project has been completed under the guidance
and supervision of
Mr. Deepak Kumar Bhardwaj I certify that the project is up to my
expectations and can be submitted for evaluation.

TEACHER SIGN. PRINCIPAL SIGN.

_____________ _______________
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
[Link] Kumar Bhardwaj who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this project on the
topic CHILD LABOR .

It helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about many

things related to this topic. Finally, I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited
time frame.
 CONTENTS
➢ Introduction
➢ Categories of child labour
➢ Child labour in India
➢ Basic reasons for child labour
➢ Consequences of child labour
➢ Some facts about child labour
➢ Child labour in Statistics
➢ Child labour laws in India (legal)
➢ Child labour: STILL A BIG CHALLENGE
➢ Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Child labour is the practice of having children engage in
economic activity, on a part or full-time basis. The practice
deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their
physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good
schools and growth of informal economy are considered
as the important causes of child labour in India.
Poverty and Hazardous Child Labour: A Vicious Circle
Unsafe home Working
environment child Social stratification

Differential vulnerability Differential Lack of

Differential exposure
Disease Injury Poor family
consequences education

Unhealthy working Unhealthy

environment
breadwinner
CAUSES
❏ PRIMARY CAUSES
❏ CULTURAL CAUSES
❏ MACROECONOMIC CAUSES
PRIMARY CAUSES
International Labour Organization (ILO) suggests poverty is
the greatest single cause behind child labour. For
impoverished households, income from a child's work is
usually crucial for his or her own survival or for that of the
household. Income from working children, even if small, may
be between 25 to 40% of these household income. Other
scholars such as Harsch on African child labour, and
Edmonds and Pavcnik on global child labour have reached
the same conclusion.
CULTURAL CAUSES
In European history when child labour was common, as well as in
contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs
have rationalized child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view
that work is good for the character-building and skill development of
children. In many cultures, particular where informal economy and
small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that
children follow in their parents' footsteps; child labour then is a
means to learn and practice that trade from a very early age.
Similarly, in many cultures the education of girls is less valued or girls
are simply not expected to need formal schooling, and these girls
pushed into child labour such as providing domestic services.
MACROECONOMIC CAUSES
Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage
child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is
a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic
causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world, over most of
human history. They suggest that the causes for child labour include both the
demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools
explain the child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low paying
informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the
causes of the demand side. Other scholars too suggest that inflexible labour
market, size of informal economy, inability of industries to scale up and lack of
modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors affecting
demand and acceptability of child labour.
This is how child labour affects the nation:
Exploitative Child
Labor

Poor Wages and

Family Poverty
Inadequate Education

Low Level of Deteriorating Labor

Unionization Standards

Adult Unemployment
Consequences of child labour
The presence of a large number of child laborers is regarded as a
serious issue in terms of economic welfare. Children who work fail to
get necessary education. They do not get the opportunity to develop
physically, intellectually, emotionally and psychologically. In terms of
the physical condition of children, children are not ready for long
monotous work because they become exhausted more quickly than
adults. This reduces their physical conditions and makes the children
more vulnerable to disease. Children in hazardous working
conditions are even in worse condition. Children who work, instead of
going to school, will remain illiterate which limits their ability to
contribute to their own well being as well as to community they live
in. Child labour has long term adverse effects for India.
SOME FACTS ABOUT CHILD LABOUR
❏ According to the Indian census of 1991, there are 11.28 million working children under
the age if fourteen years in India.
❏ Over 85% of this child labour is in the country's rural areas, working in agricultural
activities such as farming, livestock, rearing, forestry and fisheries.
❏ The world's highest number of working children is in India. ILO estimates that 218 million
children were involved in child labour in 2004, of which 126 million were engaged in
hazardous work.
❏ The Hindi belt, including Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, account
for 1.27 crore working children in the country, engaged in both hazardous and
non-hazardous occupations and processes.
❏ Over 19 lakh children labourers in the 5-14 age group are in Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthan
accounts for over 12.6 lakh workers followed by Bihar with over 11 lakh and Madhya
Pradesh with 10.6 lakh.
❏ However, according to the 2001 census, Andhra Pradesh with 13.6 lakh child labour
stands second in the national lust after UP.
Acts of Child labour
• Children [Pledging of Labour] Act (1933)
• Employment of Children Act (1938)
• The Bombay Shop and Establishments Act (1948)
• Child Labour -Prohibition and Regulation Act
• The Indian Factories Act (1948)
• Plantations Labour Act (1951)
• The Mines Act (1952)
• Merchant Shipping Act (1958)
• The Apprentice Act (1961)
• The Motor Transport Workers Act (1961)
• The Atomic Energy Act (1962)
• Beedi and Cigar Workers (Condition of Employment) Act (1966)
• State Shops and Establishments Act
The major national legislative developments include
the following:
The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of children below the
age of 14 years in any factory. The law also placed rules on who, when and how long can pre-adults
aged 15-18 years be employed in any factory.
The Mines Act of 1952: The Act prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a
mine.
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986: The Act prohibits the
employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations identified in a list by
the law. The list was expanded in 2006, and again in 2008.
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act of 2000: This law made it a crime,
punishable with a prison term, for anyone to procure or employ a child in any hazardous
employment or in bondage.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009: The law mandates free
and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years. This legislation also mandated that 25
percent of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from disadvantaged groups
and physically challenged children.
Initiatives against child labour
In 1979, the Indian government formed the Gurupadswamy
Committee to find about child labour and means to tackle it.
The Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act was not
enacted based on the recommendations of the committee in
1986.[citation needed] A National Policy on Child Labour was
formulated in 1987 to focus on rehabilitating children working in
hazardous occupations. The Ministry of Labour and
Employment had implemented around 100 industry-specific
National Child Labour Projects to rehabilitate the child workers
since 1988.
Non-governmental organizations
NGOs like Bachpan Bachao Many NGOs like Bachpan Bachao Andolan,
CARE India, Child Rights and You, Global march against child labour, RIDE
India etc. have been working to eradicate child labour in India.

Pratham is India's largest non-governmental organization with the mission

'every child in school and learning well.' Founded in 1994, Pratham has
aimed to reduce child labour and offer schooling to children irrespective of
their gender, religion and social background. It has grown by introducing low
cost education models that are sustainable and reproducible.

Child labour has also been a subject of public interest litigations in Indian
courts.
Forward Steps :
The ideal scenario on Child Welfare would be when every child enjoys the fullness
of childhood through education, recreation and adequate health facilities. It is
impossible to attain these facilities by the child labour. All the children were able to
enjoy the completeness of childhood only :

■ When the true conscience of the nation is awakened.

■ When all the policy makers and the bureaucrats take the issue of child labour seriously and
commit themselves to the cause of the holistic development of every child in India.

■ When the employees would not even contemplate the idea of employing a child for any
work which might deny the child of a normal childhood.

■ When all Policies laid down by the Government under various Plans and Laws were
implemented properly.
What 'We' can do as a person
to stop child labour?
• To donate funds in NGOs working for the rehabilitation of street children.
• To contact NGOs and make them aware about child labour happening in
our society.
• To make the rural people aware about the benefits of education.
• To provide free education for the orphans.
• To start campaign against child labour.
• To help the government to stop child labour.
Conclusion
● The problem of child labour continues to pose a challenge before the nation.
Government has been taking various pro-active measures to tackle this
problem. However, considering the magnitude and extent of the problem and
that it is essentially a socio-economic problem inextricably linked to poverty and
illiteracy, it requires concerted efforts from all society to make a dent in the
problem.
● The social evil of child labour can be brought under control, if each individual
takes responsibility of prevailing child labour. Each and every citizen should be
aware of their responsibilities and should take corrective measures to stop child
labour, so that we can have a better and developed India. Child labour can be
controlled if the government functions effectively with the support of the public.
Thank you For giving
time to
present my project

Thank you