Enter your values for Co and C

Example 20.1 Hotel Reservations - Full Marginal Analysis Solution

- Co is the cost of overestimati
rooms that are not filled.
- Cu is the cost of underestima
Co Cost
= $ per
200.00
unit of demand overestimated have to pay to put the custom
CuCost
= $ per80.00 - The number of overbooking
unit of demand underestimated
(in red) should be selected.

Number of Units Overbooked

No-shows Probability 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 0.050 - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

1 0.080 80 - 200 400 600 800 1,000
2 0.100 160 80 - 200 400 600 800
3 0.150 240 160 80 - 200 400 600
4 0.200 320 240 160 80 - 200 400
5 0.150 400 320 240 160 80 - 200
6 0.110 480 400 320 240 160 80 -
7 0.060 560 480 400 320 240 160 80
8 0.050 640 560 480 400 320 240 160
9 0.040 720 640 560 480 400 320 240
10 0.010 800 720 640 560 480 400 320

Total Cost 337.6 271.6 228.0 212.4 238.8 321.2 445.6

1400

1200
Expected Cost ($)

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number Overbooked
 er your values for Co and Cu.
is the cost of overestimating cancellations. The hotel has
ms that are not filled.
is the cost of underestimating cancellations. The hotel will
e to pay to put the customer up at a nearby hotel.
he number of overbookings with the lowest expected total cost
red) should be selected.

verbooked

7 8 9 10

1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600
800 1,000 1,200 1,400
600 800 1,000 1,200
400 600 800 1,000
200 400 600 800
- 200 400 600
80 - 200 400
160 80 - 200
240 160 80 -

600.8 772.8 958.8 1,156.0

`
Example 20.2 - EOQ and Reorder Point Enter your demand, cost, and and lead time information in the blue cells
column E to generate the graph and reorder policy output.

Annual demand (D) 1000 Q0 =

Ordering cost (S) $5.00 Average Inventory =
Holding cost per unit per year (H) $1.25

Days in operation per year = 365 Reorder point =

Lead time (L) 5 Days per cycle =
Cost per unit (C) $12.50 Number of cycles per year =
Total Annual Holding and Ordering Cost =
Total Cost =

Exhibit 11.5 - Basic Fixed Order Quantity Model

100.0
Order Received
Usage Rate
Reorder Point
Quantity

50.0

13.7

0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time Horizon
 X ROP
0 13.7
164.3 13.7

T CumProd Q y
63 0 0 1000
63 300.0 164.3

Time InvLevel Usage CumProd

CumInv 0.0 90.0 0
CumInv 0.0 90.0 0.0 0
UseInv 0.0 90.0 90.0 0
UseInv 32.9 0.0 0
CumInv 32.9 90.0 0
CumInv 32.9 90.0 0.0 0
UseInv 32.9 90.0 90.0 0
UseInv 65.7 0.0 0
CumInv 65.7 90.0 0.0 0
CumInv 65.7 90.0 90.0 0
UseInv 65.7 90.0 0
UseInv 98.6 0.0 0
CumInv 98.6 90.0 0.0 0
CumInv 98.6 90.0 90.0 0
UseInv 98.6 90.0 0
UseInv 131.4 0.0 0
CumInv 131.4 90.0 0.0 0
CumInv 131.4 90.0 90.0 0
UseInv 131.4 90.0 0
UseInv 164.3 0.0 0
nd, cost, and and lead time information in the blue cells in
erate the graph and reorder policy output.

Q0 = 90
Average Inventory = 45.0

Reorder point = 13.7

Days per cycle = 32.9
Number of cycles per year = 11.1
Total Annual Holding and Ordering Cost = $ 111.81
Total Cost = 12,611.81

Order Received
Usage Rate
Reorder Point

13.7

120 140 160 180

13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
Exhibit 20.6 - Total Cost Graph for Basic Fixed-Order Quantity Model

- Enter the demand, order cost and holding

Annual demand (D) 1000 cost in the blue cells to the right to generate
Per Order cost (S) $5.00 total cost curve.
Holding cost per unit per year (H) $1.25 - The optimal order quantiity is calculated.
- Move the bar below the graph to see the
impact order quantity has on total cost.
Qopt = 90

Q
Total Holding Cost
600 Total Setup Cost
Total Cost

500

400
Cost ($)

300

200

$111.8

100

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Order Quantity
Increment Q 10

Q CumProd QBEP TC
96 0 0 90 0 112
96 112 112 90 96 112

Q THC TSC TC
0 0.0 0 0.0
10 6.3 500.0 506.3
20 12.5 250.0 262.5
30 18.8 166.7 185.4
40 25.0 125.0 150.0
50 31.3 100.0 131.3
60 37.5 83.3 120.8
70 43.8 71.4 115.2
80 50.0 62.5 112.5
90 56.3 55.6 111.8
100 62.5 50.0 112.5
110 68.8 45.5 114.2
120 75.0 41.7 116.7
130 81.3 38.5 119.7
140 87.5 35.7 123.2
150 93.8 33.3 127.1
160 100.0 31.3 131.3
170 106.3 29.4 135.7
180 112.5 27.8 140.3
190 118.8 26.3 145.1
200 125.0 25.0 150.0
210 131.3 23.8 155.1
220 137.5 22.7 160.2
230 143.8 21.7 165.5
240 150.0 20.8 170.8
250 156.3 20.0 176.3
260 162.5 19.2 181.7
270 168.8 18.5 187.3
280 175.0 17.9 192.9
290 181.3 17.2 198.5
300 187.5 16.7 204.2
310 193.8 16.1 209.9
320 200.0 15.6 215.6
330 206.3 15.2 221.4
340 212.5 14.7 227.2
350 218.8 14.3 233.0
360 225.0 13.9 238.9
370 231.3 13.5 244.8
380 237.5 13.2 250.7
390 243.8 12.8 256.6
400 250.0 12.5 262.5
410 256.3 12.2 268.4
420 262.5 11.9 274.4
430 268.8 11.6 280.4
 er the demand, order cost and holding
in the blue cells to the right to generate the
cost curve.
e optimal order quantiity is calculated.
ve the bar below the graph to see the
ct order quantity has on total cost.

Q
Total Holding Cost
Total Setup Cost
Total Cost

400 450 500

 Example 20.4

Example 20.4 - Order Quantity and Reorder Point

Enter the values for your problem
OBJECTIVE: in the blue cells in the INPUT table.
This template can be used to calculate different values The resulting values will be
for an EOQ model. It can also be used for models involving
displayed in the OUTPUT table.
stochastic demand patterns.

INPUT:

Annual Demand: D/year D 21900

Cost per Unit C
Inventory charge (% of unit cost) i
Holding cost: H (if not given,H = i*C) H $0.50
Ordering Cost S $10.00
Length of year: N(months,weeks,days) N 365
demand per (month,week,day) d 60
Std. Deviation/(month,week,day) σd 7
Lead TimeL L(months,weeks,days)) L 6
Lead-time Standard Deviation: σL 17.15
Service Level P 95%
Safety Stock(if given) SS 0

OUTPUT:

Optimal Order Quantity (Qopt) = 935

Annual Inventory Holding Cost = $233.75
Annual Ordering Cost = $234.22
Annual Unit Cost =
Total Cost = $467.97
Safety Factor - z: (use E(z) & table below) = 1.64
E(z) = 0.092
Cycle Time - T(in days) = 15.58
Number of Orders per year = 23
Safety Stock = 28.12014225
Reorder Point, R = 388

Expected Number Out of Stock versus Standard Deviation

Page 11
Example 20.4

(Normalized to a Standard Deviation of 1)

SL z E(z)
0.0000 -4.50 4.5000
0.0000 -4.49 4.4900
0.0000 -4.48 4.4800
0.0000 -4.47 4.4700
0.0000 -4.46 4.4600
0.0000 -4.45 4.4500
0.0000 -4.44 4.4400
0.0000 -4.43 4.4300
0.0000 -4.42 4.4200
0.0000 -4.41 4.4100
0.0000 -4.40 4.4000
0.0000 -4.39 4.3900
0.0000 -4.38 4.3800
0.0000 -4.37 4.3700
0.0000 -4.36 4.3600
0.0000 -4.35 4.3500
0.0000 -4.34 4.3400
0.0000 -4.33 4.3300
0.0000 -4.32 4.3200
0.0000 -4.31 4.3100
0.0000 -4.30 4.3000
0.0000 -4.29 4.2900
0.0000 -4.28 4.2800
0.0000 -4.27 4.2700
0.0000 -4.26 4.2600
0.0000 -4.25 4.2500
0.0000 -4.24 4.2400
0.0000 -4.23 4.2300
0.0000 -4.22 4.2200
0.0000 -4.21 4.2100
0.0000 -4.20 4.2000
0.0000 -4.19 4.1900
0.0000 -4.18 4.1800
0.0000 -4.17 4.1700
0.0000 -4.16 4.1600
0.0000 -4.15 4.1500
0.0000 -4.14 4.1400
0.0000 -4.13 4.1300
0.0000 -4.12 4.1200
0.0000 -4.11 4.1100
0.0000 -4.10 4.1000
0.0000 -4.09 4.0900
0.0000 -4.08 4.0800
0.0000 -4.07 4.0700
0.0000 -4.06 4.0600
0.0000 -4.05 4.0500
0.0000 -4.04 4.0400
0.0000 -4.03 4.0300

Page 12
Example 20.4

0.0000 -4.02 4.0200

0.0000 -4.01 4.0100
0.0000 -4.00 4.0000
0.0000 -3.99 3.9900
0.0000 -3.98 3.9800
0.0000 -3.97 3.9700
0.0000 -3.96 3.9600
0.0000 -3.95 3.9500
0.0000 -3.94 3.9400
0.0000 -3.93 3.9300
0.0000 -3.92 3.9200
0.0000 -3.91 3.9100
0.0000 -3.90 3.9000
0.0001 -3.89 3.8900
0.0001 -3.88 3.8800
0.0001 -3.87 3.8700
0.0001 -3.86 3.8600
0.0001 -3.85 3.8500
0.0001 -3.84 3.8400
0.0001 -3.83 3.8300
0.0001 -3.82 3.8200
0.0001 -3.81 3.8100
0.0001 -3.80 3.8000
0.0001 -3.79 3.7900
0.0001 -3.78 3.7800
0.0001 -3.77 3.7700
0.0001 -3.76 3.7600
0.0001 -3.75 3.7500
0.0001 -3.74 3.7400
0.0001 -3.73 3.7300
0.0001 -3.72 3.7200
0.0001 -3.71 3.7100
0.0001 -3.70 3.7000
0.0001 -3.69 3.6900
0.0001 -3.68 3.6800
0.0001 -3.67 3.6700
0.0001 -3.66 3.6600
0.0001 -3.65 3.6500
0.0001 -3.64 3.6400
0.0001 -3.63 3.6300
0.0001 -3.62 3.6200
0.0002 -3.61 3.6100
0.0002 -3.60 3.6000
0.0002 -3.59 3.5900
0.0002 -3.58 3.5800
0.0002 -3.57 3.5700
0.0002 -3.56 3.5600
0.0002 -3.55 3.5500
0.0002 -3.54 3.5400
0.0002 -3.53 3.5301

Page 13
Example 20.4

0.0002 -3.52 3.5201

0.0002 -3.51 3.5101
0.0002 -3.50 3.5001
0.0002 -3.49 3.4901
0.0003 -3.48 3.4801
0.0003 -3.47 3.4701
0.0003 -3.46 3.4601
0.0003 -3.45 3.4501
0.0003 -3.44 3.4401
0.0003 -3.43 3.4301
0.0003 -3.42 3.4201
0.0003 -3.41 3.4101
0.0003 -3.40 3.4001
0.0003 -3.39 3.3901
0.0004 -3.38 3.3801
0.0004 -3.37 3.3701
0.0004 -3.36 3.3601
0.0004 -3.35 3.3501
0.0004 -3.34 3.3401
0.0004 -3.33 3.3301
0.0005 -3.32 3.3201
0.0005 -3.31 3.3101
0.0005 -3.30 3.3001
0.0005 -3.29 3.2901
0.0005 -3.28 3.2801
0.0005 -3.27 3.2701
0.0006 -3.26 3.2601
0.0006 -3.25 3.2502
0.0006 -3.24 3.2402
0.0006 -3.23 3.2302
0.0006 -3.22 3.2202
0.0007 -3.21 3.2102
0.0007 -3.20 3.2002
0.0007 -3.19 3.1902
0.0007 -3.18 3.1802
0.0008 -3.17 3.1702
0.0008 -3.16 3.1602
0.0008 -3.15 3.1502
0.0008 -3.14 3.1402
0.0009 -3.13 3.1302
0.0009 -3.12 3.1202
0.0009 -3.11 3.1103
0.0010 -3.10 3.1003
0.0010 -3.09 3.0903
0.0010 -3.08 3.0803
0.0011 -3.07 3.0703
0.0011 -3.06 3.0603
0.0011 -3.05 3.0503
0.0012 -3.04 3.0403
0.0012 -3.03 3.0303

Page 14
Example 20.4

0.0013 -3.02 3.0204

0.0013 -3.01 3.0104
0.0013 -3.00 3.0004
0.0014 -2.99 2.9904
0.0014 -2.98 2.9804
0.0015 -2.97 2.9704
0.0015 -2.96 2.9604
0.0016 -2.95 2.9505
0.0016 -2.94 2.9405
0.0017 -2.93 2.9305
0.0018 -2.92 2.9205
0.0018 -2.91 2.9105
0.0019 -2.90 2.9005
0.0019 -2.89 2.8906
0.0020 -2.88 2.8806
0.0021 -2.87 2.8706
0.0021 -2.86 2.8606
0.0022 -2.85 2.8506
0.0023 -2.84 2.8407
0.0023 -2.83 2.8307
0.0024 -2.82 2.8207
0.0025 -2.81 2.8107
0.0026 -2.80 2.8008
0.0026 -2.79 2.7908
0.0027 -2.78 2.7808
0.0028 -2.77 2.7708
0.0029 -2.76 2.7609
0.0030 -2.75 2.7509
0.0031 -2.74 2.7409
0.0032 -2.73 2.7310
0.0033 -2.72 2.7210
0.0034 -2.71 2.7110
0.0035 -2.70 2.7011
0.0036 -2.69 2.6911
0.0037 -2.68 2.6811
0.0038 -2.67 2.6712
0.0039 -2.66 2.6612
0.0040 -2.65 2.6512
0.0041 -2.64 2.6413
0.0043 -2.63 2.6313
0.0044 -2.62 2.6214
0.0045 -2.61 2.6114
0.0047 -2.60 2.6015
0.0048 -2.59 2.5915
0.0049 -2.58 2.5816
0.0051 -2.57 2.5716
0.0052 -2.56 2.5617
0.0054 -2.55 2.5517
0.0055 -2.54 2.5418
0.0057 -2.53 2.5318

Page 15
Example 20.4

0.0059 -2.52 2.5219

0.0060 -2.51 2.5119
0.0062 -2.50 2.5020
0.0064 -2.49 2.4921
0.0066 -2.48 2.4821
0.0068 -2.47 2.4722
0.0069 -2.46 2.4623
0.0071 -2.45 2.4523
0.0073 -2.44 2.4424
0.0075 -2.43 2.4325
0.0078 -2.42 2.4226
0.0080 -2.41 2.4126
0.0082 -2.40 2.4027
0.0084 -2.39 2.3928
0.0087 -2.38 2.3829
0.0089 -2.37 2.3730
0.0091 -2.36 2.3631
0.0094 -2.35 2.3532
0.0096 -2.34 2.3433
0.0099 -2.33 2.3334
0.0102 -2.32 2.3235
0.0104 -2.31 2.3136
0.0107 -2.30 2.3037
0.0110 -2.29 2.2938
0.0113 -2.28 2.2839
0.0116 -2.27 2.2740
0.0119 -2.26 2.2641
0.0122 -2.25 2.2542
0.0125 -2.24 2.2444
0.0129 -2.23 2.2345
0.0132 -2.22 2.2246
0.0136 -2.21 2.2147
0.0139 -2.20 2.2049
0.0143 -2.19 2.1950
0.0146 -2.18 2.1852
0.0150 -2.17 2.1753
0.0154 -2.16 2.1655
0.0158 -2.15 2.1556
0.0162 -2.14 2.1458
0.0166 -2.13 2.1360
0.0170 -2.12 2.1261
0.0174 -2.11 2.1163
0.0179 -2.10 2.1065
0.0183 -2.09 2.0966
0.0188 -2.08 2.0868
0.0192 -2.07 2.0770
0.0197 -2.06 2.0672
0.0202 -2.05 2.0574
0.0207 -2.04 2.0476
0.0212 -2.03 2.0378

Page 16
Example 20.4

0.0217 -2.02 2.0280

0.0222 -2.01 2.0183
0.0228 -2.00 2.0085
0.0233 -1.99 1.9987
0.0239 -1.98 1.9890
0.0244 -1.97 1.9792
0.0250 -1.96 1.9694
0.0256 -1.95 1.9597
0.0262 -1.94 1.9500
0.0268 -1.93 1.9402
0.0274 -1.92 1.9305
0.0281 -1.91 1.9208
0.0287 -1.90 1.9111
0.0294 -1.89 1.9013
0.0301 -1.88 1.8916
0.0307 -1.87 1.8819
0.0314 -1.86 1.8723
0.0322 -1.85 1.8626
0.0329 -1.84 1.8529
0.0336 -1.83 1.8432
0.0344 -1.82 1.8336
0.0351 -1.81 1.8239
0.0359 -1.80 1.8143
0.0367 -1.79 1.8046
0.0375 -1.78 1.7950
0.0384 -1.77 1.7854
0.0392 -1.76 1.7758
0.0401 -1.75 1.7662
0.0409 -1.74 1.7566
0.0418 -1.73 1.7470
0.0427 -1.72 1.7374
0.0436 -1.71 1.7278
0.0446 -1.70 1.7183
0.0455 -1.69 1.7087
0.0465 -1.68 1.6992
0.0475 -1.67 1.6897
0.0485 -1.66 1.6801
0.0495 -1.65 1.6706
0.0505 -1.64 1.6611
0.0516 -1.63 1.6516
0.0526 -1.62 1.6422
0.0537 -1.61 1.6327
0.0548 -1.60 1.6232
0.0559 -1.59 1.6138
0.0571 -1.58 1.6044
0.0582 -1.57 1.5949
0.0594 -1.56 1.5855
0.0606 -1.55 1.5761
0.0618 -1.54 1.5667
0.0630 -1.53 1.5574

Page 17
Example 20.4

0.0643 -1.52 1.5480

0.0655 -1.51 1.5386
0.0668 -1.50 1.5293
0.0681 -1.49 1.5200
0.0694 -1.48 1.5107
0.0708 -1.47 1.5014
0.0721 -1.46 1.4921
0.0735 -1.45 1.4828
0.0749 -1.44 1.4736
0.0764 -1.43 1.4643
0.0778 -1.42 1.4551
0.0793 -1.41 1.4459
0.0808 -1.40 1.4367
0.0823 -1.39 1.4275
0.0838 -1.38 1.4183
0.0853 -1.37 1.4092
0.0869 -1.36 1.4000
0.0885 -1.35 1.3909
0.0901 -1.34 1.3818
0.0918 -1.33 1.3727
0.0934 -1.32 1.3636
0.0951 -1.31 1.3546
0.0968 -1.30 1.3455
0.0985 -1.29 1.3365
0.1003 -1.28 1.3275
0.1020 -1.27 1.3185
0.1038 -1.26 1.3095
0.1056 -1.25 1.3006
0.1075 -1.24 1.2917
0.1093 -1.23 1.2827
0.1112 -1.22 1.2738
0.1131 -1.21 1.2650
0.1151 -1.20 1.2561
0.1170 -1.19 1.2473
0.1190 -1.18 1.2384
0.1210 -1.17 1.2296
0.1230 -1.16 1.2209
0.1251 -1.15 1.2121
0.1271 -1.14 1.2034
0.1292 -1.13 1.1946
0.1314 -1.12 1.1859
0.1335 -1.11 1.1773
0.1357 -1.10 1.1686
0.1379 -1.09 1.1600
0.1401 -1.08 1.1514
0.1423 -1.07 1.1428
0.1446 -1.06 1.1342
0.1469 -1.05 1.1257
0.1492 -1.04 1.1172
0.1515 -1.03 1.1087

Page 18
Example 20.4

0.1539 -1.02 1.1002

0.1562 -1.01 1.0917
0.1587 -1.00 1.0833
0.1611 -0.99 1.0749
0.1635 -0.98 1.0665
0.1660 -0.97 1.0582
0.1685 -0.96 1.0499
0.1711 -0.95 1.0416
0.1736 -0.94 1.0333
0.1762 -0.93 1.0250
0.1788 -0.92 1.0168
0.1814 -0.91 1.0086
0.1841 -0.90 1.0004
0.1867 -0.89 0.9923
0.1894 -0.88 0.9842
0.1922 -0.87 0.9761
0.1949 -0.86 0.9680
0.1977 -0.85 0.9600
0.2005 -0.84 0.9520
0.2033 -0.83 0.9440
0.2061 -0.82 0.9360
0.2090 -0.81 0.9281
0.2119 -0.80 0.9202
0.2148 -0.79 0.9123
0.2177 -0.78 0.9045
0.2206 -0.77 0.8967
0.2236 -0.76 0.8889
0.2266 -0.75 0.8812
0.2296 -0.74 0.8734
0.2327 -0.73 0.8658
0.2358 -0.72 0.8581
0.2389 -0.71 0.8505
0.2420 -0.70 0.8429
0.2451 -0.69 0.8353
0.2483 -0.68 0.8278
0.2514 -0.67 0.8203
0.2546 -0.66 0.8128
0.2578 -0.65 0.8054
0.2611 -0.64 0.7980
0.2643 -0.63 0.7906
0.2676 -0.62 0.7833
0.2709 -0.61 0.7759
0.2743 -0.60 0.7687
0.2776 -0.59 0.7614
0.2810 -0.58 0.7542
0.2843 -0.57 0.7471
0.2877 -0.56 0.7399
0.2912 -0.55 0.7328
0.2946 -0.54 0.7257
0.2981 -0.53 0.7187

Page 19
Example 20.4

0.3015 -0.52 0.7117

0.3050 -0.51 0.7047
0.3085 -0.50 0.6978
0.3121 -0.49 0.6909
0.3156 -0.48 0.6840
0.3192 -0.47 0.6772
0.3228 -0.46 0.6704
0.3264 -0.45 0.6637
0.3300 -0.44 0.6569
0.3336 -0.43 0.6503
0.3372 -0.42 0.6436
0.3409 -0.41 0.6370
0.3446 -0.40 0.6304
0.3483 -0.39 0.6239
0.3520 -0.38 0.6174
0.3557 -0.37 0.6109
0.3594 -0.36 0.6045
0.3632 -0.35 0.5981
0.3669 -0.34 0.5918
0.3707 -0.33 0.5855
0.3745 -0.32 0.5792
0.3783 -0.31 0.5730
0.3821 -0.30 0.5668
0.3859 -0.29 0.5606
0.3897 -0.28 0.5545
0.3936 -0.27 0.5484
0.3974 -0.26 0.5424
0.4013 -0.25 0.5363
0.4052 -0.24 0.5304
0.4090 -0.23 0.5244
0.4129 -0.22 0.5186
0.4168 -0.21 0.5127
0.4207 -0.20 0.5069
0.4247 -0.19 0.5011
0.4286 -0.18 0.4954
0.4325 -0.17 0.4897
0.4364 -0.16 0.4840
0.4404 -0.15 0.4784
0.4443 -0.14 0.4728
0.4483 -0.13 0.4673
0.4522 -0.12 0.4618
0.4562 -0.11 0.4564
0.4602 -0.10 0.4509
0.4641 -0.09 0.4456
0.4681 -0.08 0.4402
0.4721 -0.07 0.4349
0.4761 -0.06 0.4297
0.4801 -0.05 0.4244
0.4840 -0.04 0.4193
0.4880 -0.03 0.4141

Page 20
Example 20.4

0.4920 -0.02 0.4090

0.4960 -0.01 0.4040
0.5000 0.00 0.3989
0.5040 0.01 0.3940
0.5080 0.02 0.3890
0.5120 0.03 0.3841
0.5160 0.04 0.3793
0.5199 0.05 0.3744
0.5239 0.06 0.3697
0.5279 0.07 0.3649
0.5319 0.08 0.3602
0.5359 0.09 0.3556
0.5398 0.10 0.3509
0.5438 0.11 0.3464
0.5478 0.12 0.3418
0.5517 0.13 0.3373
0.5557 0.14 0.3328
0.5596 0.15 0.3284
0.5636 0.16 0.3240
0.5675 0.17 0.3197
0.5714 0.18 0.3154
0.5753 0.19 0.3111
0.5793 0.20 0.3069
0.5832 0.21 0.3027
0.5871 0.22 0.2986
0.5910 0.23 0.2944
0.5948 0.24 0.2904
0.5987 0.25 0.2863
0.6026 0.26 0.2824
0.6064 0.27 0.2784
0.6103 0.28 0.2745
0.6141 0.29 0.2706
0.6179 0.30 0.2668
0.6217 0.31 0.2630
0.6255 0.32 0.2592
0.6293 0.33 0.2555
0.6331 0.34 0.2518
0.6368 0.35 0.2481
0.6406 0.36 0.2445
0.6443 0.37 0.2409
0.6480 0.38 0.2374
0.6517 0.39 0.2339
0.6554 0.40 0.2304
0.6591 0.41 0.2270
0.6628 0.42 0.2236
0.6664 0.43 0.2203
0.6700 0.44 0.2169
0.6736 0.45 0.2137
0.6772 0.46 0.2104
0.6808 0.47 0.2072

Page 21
Example 20.4

0.6844 0.48 0.2040

0.6879 0.49 0.2009
0.6915 0.50 0.1978
0.6950 0.51 0.1947
0.6985 0.52 0.1917
0.7019 0.53 0.1887
0.7054 0.54 0.1857
0.7088 0.55 0.1828
0.7123 0.56 0.1799
0.7157 0.57 0.1771
0.7190 0.58 0.1742
0.7224 0.59 0.1714
0.7257 0.60 0.1687
0.7291 0.61 0.1659
0.7324 0.62 0.1633
0.7357 0.63 0.1606
0.7389 0.64 0.1580
0.7422 0.65 0.1554
0.7454 0.66 0.1528
0.7486 0.67 0.1503
0.7517 0.68 0.1478
0.7549 0.69 0.1453
0.7580 0.70 0.1429
0.7611 0.71 0.1405
0.7642 0.72 0.1381
0.7673 0.73 0.1358
0.7704 0.74 0.1334
0.7734 0.75 0.1312
0.7764 0.76 0.1289
0.7794 0.77 0.1267
0.7823 0.78 0.1245
0.7852 0.79 0.1223
0.7881 0.80 0.1202
0.7910 0.81 0.1181
0.7939 0.82 0.1160
0.7967 0.83 0.1140
0.7995 0.84 0.1120
0.8023 0.85 0.1100
0.8051 0.86 0.1080
0.8078 0.87 0.1061
0.8106 0.88 0.1042
0.8133 0.89 0.1023
0.8159 0.90 0.1004
0.8186 0.91 0.0986
0.8212 0.92 0.0968
0.8238 0.93 0.0950
0.8264 0.94 0.0933
0.8289 0.95 0.0916
0.8315 0.96 0.0899
0.8340 0.97 0.0882

Page 22
Example 20.4

0.8365 0.98 0.0865

0.8389 0.99 0.0849
0.8413 1.00 0.0833
0.8438 1.01 0.0817
0.8461 1.02 0.0802
0.8485 1.03 0.0787
0.8508 1.04 0.0772
0.8531 1.05 0.0757
0.8554 1.06 0.0742
0.8577 1.07 0.0728
0.8599 1.08 0.0714
0.8621 1.09 0.0700
0.8643 1.10 0.0686
0.8665 1.11 0.0673
0.8686 1.12 0.0659
0.8708 1.13 0.0646
0.8729 1.14 0.0634
0.8749 1.15 0.0621
0.8770 1.16 0.0609
0.8790 1.17 0.0596
0.8810 1.18 0.0584
0.8830 1.19 0.0573
0.8849 1.20 0.0561
0.8869 1.21 0.0550
0.8888 1.22 0.0538
0.8907 1.23 0.0527
0.8925 1.24 0.0517
0.8944 1.25 0.0506
0.8962 1.26 0.0495
0.8980 1.27 0.0485
0.8997 1.28 0.0475
0.9015 1.29 0.0465
0.9032 1.30 0.0455
0.9049 1.31 0.0446
0.9066 1.32 0.0436
0.9082 1.33 0.0427
0.9099 1.34 0.0418
0.9115 1.35 0.0409
0.9131 1.36 0.0400
0.9147 1.37 0.0392
0.9162 1.38 0.0383
0.9177 1.39 0.0375
0.9192 1.40 0.0367
0.9207 1.41 0.0359
0.9222 1.42 0.0351
0.9236 1.43 0.0343
0.9251 1.44 0.0336
0.9265 1.45 0.0328
0.9279 1.46 0.0321
0.9292 1.47 0.0314

Page 23
Example 20.4

0.9306 1.48 0.0307

0.9319 1.49 0.0300
0.9332 1.50 0.0293
0.9345 1.51 0.0286
0.9357 1.52 0.0280
0.9370 1.53 0.0274
0.9382 1.54 0.0267
0.9394 1.55 0.0261
0.9406 1.56 0.0255
0.9418 1.57 0.0249
0.9429 1.58 0.0244
0.9441 1.59 0.0238
0.9452 1.60 0.0232
0.9463 1.61 0.0227
0.9474 1.62 0.0222
0.9484 1.63 0.0216
0.9495 1.64 0.0211
0.9505 1.65 0.0206
0.9515 1.66 0.0201
0.9525 1.67 0.0197
0.9535 1.68 0.0192
0.9545 1.69 0.0187
0.9554 1.70 0.0183
0.9564 1.71 0.0178
0.9573 1.72 0.0174
0.9582 1.73 0.0170
0.9591 1.74 0.0166
0.9599 1.75 0.0162
0.9608 1.76 0.0158
0.9616 1.77 0.0154
0.9625 1.78 0.0150
0.9633 1.79 0.0146
0.9641 1.80 0.0143
0.9649 1.81 0.0139
0.9656 1.82 0.0136
0.9664 1.83 0.0132
0.9671 1.84 0.0129
0.9678 1.85 0.0126
0.9686 1.86 0.0123
0.9693 1.87 0.0119
0.9699 1.88 0.0116
0.9706 1.89 0.0113
0.9713 1.90 0.0111
0.9719 1.91 0.0108
0.9726 1.92 0.0105
0.9732 1.93 0.0102
0.9738 1.94 0.0100
0.9744 1.95 0.0097
0.9750 1.96 0.0094
0.9756 1.97 0.0092

Page 24
Example 20.4

0.9761 1.98 0.0090

0.9767 1.99 0.0087
0.9772 2.00 0.0085
0.9778 2.01 0.0083
0.9783 2.02 0.0080
0.9788 2.03 0.0078
0.9793 2.04 0.0076
0.9798 2.05 0.0074
0.9803 2.06 0.0072
0.9808 2.07 0.0070
0.9812 2.08 0.0068
0.9817 2.09 0.0066
0.9821 2.10 0.0065
0.9826 2.11 0.0063
0.9830 2.12 0.0061
0.9834 2.13 0.0060
0.9838 2.14 0.0058
0.9842 2.15 0.0056
0.9846 2.16 0.0055
0.9850 2.17 0.0053
0.9854 2.18 0.0052
0.9857 2.19 0.0050
0.9861 2.20 0.0049
0.9864 2.21 0.0047
0.9868 2.22 0.0046
0.9871 2.23 0.0045
0.9875 2.24 0.0044
0.9878 2.25 0.0042
0.9881 2.26 0.0041
0.9884 2.27 0.0040
0.9887 2.28 0.0039
0.9890 2.29 0.0038
0.9893 2.30 0.0037
0.9896 2.31 0.0036
0.9898 2.32 0.0035
0.9901 2.33 0.0034
0.9904 2.34 0.0033
0.9906 2.35 0.0032
0.9909 2.36 0.0031
0.9911 2.37 0.0030
0.9913 2.38 0.0029
0.9916 2.39 0.0028
0.9918 2.40 0.0027
0.9920 2.41 0.0026
0.9922 2.42 0.0026
0.9925 2.43 0.0025
0.9927 2.44 0.0024
0.9929 2.45 0.0023
0.9931 2.46 0.0023
0.9932 2.47 0.0022

Page 25
Example 20.4

0.9934 2.48 0.0021

0.9936 2.49 0.0021
0.9938 2.50 0.0020
0.9940 2.51 0.0019
0.9941 2.52 0.0019
0.9943 2.53 0.0018
0.9945 2.54 0.0018
0.9946 2.55 0.0017
0.9948 2.56 0.0017
0.9949 2.57 0.0016
0.9951 2.58 0.0016
0.9952 2.59 0.0015
0.9953 2.60 0.0015
0.9955 2.61 0.0014
0.9956 2.62 0.0014
0.9957 2.63 0.0013
0.9959 2.64 0.0013
0.9960 2.65 0.0012
0.9961 2.66 0.0012
0.9962 2.67 0.0012
0.9963 2.68 0.0011
0.9964 2.69 0.0011
0.9965 2.70 0.0011
0.9966 2.71 0.0010
0.9967 2.72 0.0010
0.9968 2.73 0.0010
0.9969 2.74 0.0009
0.9970 2.75 0.0009
0.9971 2.76 0.0009
0.9972 2.77 0.0008
0.9973 2.78 0.0008
0.9974 2.79 0.0008
0.9974 2.80 0.0008
0.9975 2.81 0.0007
0.9976 2.82 0.0007
0.9977 2.83 0.0007
0.9977 2.84 0.0007
0.9978 2.85 0.0006
0.9979 2.86 0.0006
0.9979 2.87 0.0006
0.9980 2.88 0.0006
0.9981 2.89 0.0006
0.9981 2.90 0.0005
0.9982 2.91 0.0005
0.9982 2.92 0.0005
0.9983 2.93 0.0005
0.9984 2.94 0.0005
0.9984 2.95 0.0005
0.9985 2.96 0.0004
0.9985 2.97 0.0004

Page 26
Example 20.4

0.9986 2.98 0.0004

0.9986 2.99 0.0004
0.9987 3.00 0.0004
0.9987 3.01 0.0004
0.9987 3.02 0.0004
0.9988 3.03 0.0003
0.9988 3.04 0.0003
0.9989 3.05 0.0003
0.9989 3.06 0.0003
0.9989 3.07 0.0003
0.9990 3.08 0.0003
0.9990 3.09 0.0003
0.9990 3.10 0.0003
0.9991 3.11 0.0003
0.9991 3.12 0.0002
0.9991 3.13 0.0002
0.9992 3.14 0.0002
0.9992 3.15 0.0002
0.9992 3.16 0.0002
0.9992 3.17 0.0002
0.9993 3.18 0.0002
0.9993 3.19 0.0002
0.9993 3.20 0.0002
0.9993 3.21 0.0002
0.9994 3.22 0.0002
0.9994 3.23 0.0002
0.9994 3.24 0.0002
0.9994 3.25 0.0002
0.9994 3.26 0.0001
0.9995 3.27 0.0001
0.9995 3.28 0.0001
0.9995 3.29 0.0001
0.9995 3.30 0.0001
0.9995 3.31 0.0001
0.9995 3.32 0.0001
0.9996 3.33 0.0001
0.9996 3.34 0.0001
0.9996 3.35 0.0001
0.9996 3.36 0.0001
0.9996 3.37 0.0001
0.9996 3.38 0.0001
0.9997 3.39 0.0001
0.9997 3.40 0.0001
0.9997 3.41 0.0001
0.9997 3.42 0.0001
0.9997 3.43 0.0001
0.9997 3.44 0.0001
0.9997 3.45 0.0001
0.9997 3.46 0.0001
0.9997 3.47 0.0001

Page 27
Example 20.4

0.9997 3.48 0.0001

0.9998 3.49 0.0001
0.9998 3.50 0.0001
0.9998 3.51 0.0001
0.9998 3.52 0.0001
0.9998 3.53 0.0001
0.9998 3.54 0.0000
0.9998 3.55 0.0000
0.9998 3.56 0.0000
0.9998 3.57 0.0000
0.9998 3.58 0.0000
0.9998 3.59 0.0000
0.9998 3.60 0.0000
0.9998 3.61 0.0000
0.9999 3.62 0.0000
0.9999 3.63 0.0000
0.9999 3.64 0.0000
0.9999 3.65 0.0000
0.9999 3.66 0.0000
0.9999 3.67 0.0000
0.9999 3.68 0.0000
0.9999 3.69 0.0000
0.9999 3.70 0.0000
0.9999 3.71 0.0000
0.9999 3.72 0.0000
0.9999 3.73 0.0000
0.9999 3.74 0.0000
0.9999 3.75 0.0000
0.9999 3.76 0.0000
0.9999 3.77 0.0000
0.9999 3.78 0.0000
0.9999 3.79 0.0000
0.9999 3.80 0.0000
0.9999 3.81 0.0000
0.9999 3.82 0.0000
0.9999 3.83 0.0000
0.9999 3.84 0.0000
0.9999 3.85 0.0000
0.9999 3.86 0.0000
0.9999 3.87 0.0000
0.9999 3.88 0.0000
0.9999 3.89 0.0000
1.0000 3.90 0.0000
1.0000 3.91 0.0000
1.0000 3.92 0.0000
1.0000 3.93 0.0000
1.0000 3.94 0.0000
1.0000 3.95 0.0000
1.0000 3.96 0.0000
1.0000 3.97 0.0000

Page 28
Example 20.4

1.0000 3.98 0.0000

1.0000 3.99 0.0000
1.0000 4.00 0.0000
1.0000 4.01 0.0000
1.0000 4.02 0.0000
1.0000 4.03 0.0000
1.0000 4.04 0.0000
1.0000 4.05 0.0000
1.0000 4.06 0.0000
1.0000 4.07 0.0000
1.0000 4.08 0.0000
1.0000 4.09 0.0000
1.0000 4.10 0.0000
1.0000 4.11 0.0000
1.0000 4.12 0.0000
1.0000 4.13 0.0000
1.0000 4.14 0.0000
1.0000 4.15 0.0000
1.0000 4.16 0.0000
1.0000 4.17 0.0000
1.0000 4.18 0.0000
1.0000 4.19 0.0000
1.0000 4.20 0.0000
1.0000 4.21 0.0000
1.0000 4.22 0.0000
1.0000 4.23 0.0000
1.0000 4.24 0.0000
1.0000 4.25 0.0000
1.0000 4.26 0.0000
1.0000 4.27 0.0000
1.0000 4.28 0.0000
1.0000 4.29 0.0000
1.0000 4.30 0.0000
1.0000 4.31 0.0000
1.0000 4.32 0.0000
1.0000 4.33 0.0000
1.0000 4.34 0.0000
1.0000 4.35 0.0000
1.0000 4.36 0.0000
1.0000 4.37 0.0000
1.0000 4.38 0.0000
1.0000 4.39 0.0000
1.0000 4.40 0.0000
1.0000 4.41 0.0000
1.0000 4.42 0.0000
1.0000 4.43 0.0000
1.0000 4.44 0.0000
1.0000 4.45 0.0000
1.0000 4.46 0.0000
1.0000 4.47 0.0000

Page 29
Example 20.4

1.0000 4.48 0.0000

1.0000 4.49 0.0000
1.0000 4.50 0.0000

Page 30
 Example 20.4

problem
PUT table.
be
T table.

Standard Deviation

Page 31
Example 20.5 - Quantity to Order using Fixed-Time Period Model with Safety Stock

Enter your values in the INPUT table. The resulting reorder

policy will be displayed in the OUTPUT table.
INPUT:

30 T Number of days between reviews

14 L Lead time in days
10 d-bar Forecast average daily demand (d-bar)
3 sd Standard deviation of demand
98% L Service Level
150 I Current inventory level

OUTPUT:

19.900 sT+L Standard deviation of demand over the review and lead time
2.054 z z-value for the stated service level
440 Average demand over the vulnerable period
40.87 Safety stock
330 q Order Quantity
Solved Problem 1 Enter your values for Co and Cu.
- Co is the cost of overestimating demand
Co = $Cost per
50.00
unit of demand overestimated - Cu is the cost of underestimating deman
- The order quantity with the lowest expec
Cu = Cost
$ per
30.00
unit of demand underestimated selected.

Number of Units Purchased

Units
Probability 35 36 37 38 39 40
Demanded
35 0.100 - 50 100 150 200 250
36 0.150 30 - 50 100 150 200
37 0.250 60 30 - 50 100 150
38 0.250 90 60 30 - 50 100
39 0.150 120 90 60 30 - 50
40 0.100 150 120 90 60 30 -

Total Cost 75.0 53.0 43.0 53.0 83.0 125.0 -

140

120
Expected Cost ($)

100

80

60

40

20

0
35 36 37 38 39 40
Number Purchased
 for Co and Cu.
overestimating demand.
underestimating demand.
ity with the lowest expected total cost should be

urchased

- - - -
Solved Problem 3 Enter your values in the INPUT table. The resulting
reorder policy will be displayed in the OUTPUT table.

Fixed-Time Period Model with Safety Stock

INPUT
14 T Number of days between reviews
7 L Lead time in days
120 d-bar Forecast average daily demand (d-bar)
30 sd Standard deviation of demand
99% L Service Level
130 I Current inventory level

OUTPUT
137.477 sT+L Standard deviation of demand over the review and lead time
2.326 z z-value for the stated service level
2520 Average demand over the vulnerable period
319.82 Safety stock
2709 q Order Quantity
Solved Problem 4 Enter your values in the INPUT table. The resulting
reorder policy will be displayed in the OUTPUT table.

Fixed-Time Period Model with Safety Stock

INPUT
14 T Number of days between reviews
7 L Lead time in days
20 d-bar Forecast average daily demand (d-bar)
5 sd Standard deviation of demand
95% L Service Level
180 I Current inventory level

OUTPUT
22.913 sT+L Standard deviation of demand over the review and lead time
1.645 z z-value for the stated service level
420 Average demand over the vulnerable period
37.69 Safety stock
277 q Order Quantity