Cclt\TRot- SYSTEnIS

C h o-p le- - 1- : B a*ios q M a-t-he rr.4t^'c!^, tY odeJr' ^l

al

a
q.!,"?',.s'= Le- ctt-ur e - L ". In bvo ducfi on
_*J--J* .*
Referye-,..e- Btr<rka : o
L- Coah".rl S7,tF+4r^ EnTfn<z-tf^? b7 i. l. NoTovoth , m. Gopd.
2. M od,6rn c,=-nbvdt Eng inaevfng b7 Ko bahiko o 3a bo.
3. G,h hdt STaForna En2fne*rinl Q Nonrra,vr S. tl riae,
4. ,4t tot^atc Gr\h,s\ Syalt-rna b3 Fq,vid Goha"^?l"i , B'c' Kr'r'o

De.$dr"i h-" : A C,:nn byci n1^be-m a fl^4J- rn<arrr* lcp <,chich gvY
qL^a,-fj E dt- er,.f e-refrt t or. rrla ine t:rf *y 1-ng [Link].o dA
t-,l,n

ft \o.i nt^ [Link] enr [Link]-/td L ac c-ordqrnce c^rf lh O deg; ya91 ,!^q^^ nr^,..

[Link] S b,hulrr.l ; r<aP(gn^{-

Crer I'v,i t,gl'e^,, A c,h-r.6.1 {'tJ Pgr.4re
D€*ived vcYernr*

A OoL^ aO-lU rrnS cr1" Gsvr Lrol

al'tvna '- 9.f

* Aq-h'orn obile SF<r-vcn5 c,on-trol nar*"-

X 4uJ:rrnno.,hic lq^nk t<rve.t cern l-ad \*t-"^-,
yr E tev Lhrr,!
x S €ryvorne clna*riAvnA
!( Ayo,e. Al-u^bbtr. [iSbA t:J$ to <.o'r]h err b ib, o.^d A.c ch .

Advo^nh og4g ctl- C^"t^+y.4 S1,11-c4v1r1 '.

* Eo& I^Arrd L(^q eL h<orzy gdf rne'rnh

d0d
X At.*strtc^lic- / ve-"r,ol'e Grn^bY6tlir.q d
rt Crsrn p emAaJS. em cn^ ir^t*-r^at / e:< t<^rr-at cLiatrrrr bqmce* "

Re Ao.:rrr.,t c c,ho-Ys ct e-/ fX k c+ '-

eL<-vrrJsr
Locc,rti ern
fn u,l- Crrnnwr
? s+-o\ -*lot-e
€rVf sr

,y1,^nffiQ^r-sr:
ReA lP-tt,a. Re
P,hq&.

L.D
Lrrne
 J:ry *"!:*-S {r}
,\: l
)

(o) O pg ^1,".p .&.a x Fe-ro :

4*6 P@ <a rr,cl- cru fiyna o t^ co.ft3 Lsrrer.F
<-*:h'i',. do
t -r V q^r( [Link] errnr S" ih^ 's\^J-P \^r , fa co,.[Link] ar., opb- Gop \*n"
Uialwba""c,e Diatr^t5**
\ 1-
ItP.^|- Inpt^l^ +
O [Link]-
(oD Re brd..r66,r.r.v
C=r> Crrnholled
Vq,y;[Link]
(b) CG seJ - L" op & Xf er,vr/\
A
oo

Ac-tt a.tin1 x;7,o)

(err) EVvg,r DiAtt*rbg-c,e D iz!{r^ry bq^ac,e

o'-rlpt^-t-
cenrr holl</
[Link]

Or.r-l-ostl-
b, q^.,a j,-.a,t
(:zf Sqaasr

A4 *4r) tl.\o.I [Link] o. preAQibed relO,Uernutip beJ-r,s<-q the

vt-f+ae^^c€ i" f.^l' o./hd .:n -t-1at^f b'6 C,v.rr4p"-i"? thea4 ou d u,a.n1 il1e df$er^4\
O./t o rneq,4^ oF c^snrvot i,t called [Link] ery .Jsd: hqF c..[Link]:{
*u W?rtr\.
d

!=r:i'"en" la.+t;.r<-er1 cept-,- Gop o^^al

!{9 -ho p \At-*yna\
9L__r1 At=eho CL A l''€.ry'4
0
AdvonnhGq{4 : AdVo,^Ic^qtA:
u-
r( f o*,1 to b.^iJd , 4Ae o$ rrrainLeyr- * Oirl trr-'bo-,cc en ta p,$&i f,l.e
v<j acU
Ornc€.
i( Feedbacx *? Lproy" al-aloiUti,
Ir Lera €*F.* &ive f{ ib fa hot- -pro pr+\ ^{rpU*l t+\r*)

,. C,€nr\/ir\ieh'h r^rht n o,+J-purt fa l"e"a f t- 1^r i ll be han, rn +o

ftaf"*l.
ho rn+[Link]^r"e- Qv eoJ- t^, A c c.u, o.- .

* Stabtli\ [a a rrot o *d-,

Pro b\e*T
Df,,fodvo,^n' [Link]^ntGq {t'.
llt L<-*r, o c cruv at )t C€n^4 pt*^ ti5 q^6.\ ,tr,a o,4^al C,en+ ti e"y

X No dfrt{rs bA"-'c-e ,Ee c,H .:tn

B. N. S. S. ShGirrt.o"r, OHD4 Inab.t^te - HyO

[Link] [Link]),MtE
 * Afv C.,srrd U. e',^in2 zt7 At-u-o , hc.S$ic alnlnb.r ot.A
ota b.J 6eo"rnr oJ Xra*lg ,.4=f
opt ratcd en/r a t^"'^t bo.{,[, c"4,e ex q,-.p f/e.s &-'":)
^o^k? rrqc,h.,ine
o1o eaa - U" oP *1;,AL+<\n\L'

)t A'r"[Link],1 o bite gt-r,? C^srnh .-d .*\A,gl<x.r, pcYH, on / Ay<c.d C^trn,lrs/

,; dc A<vrtrorr..^otrn(,(., o\A^,h:tu'/ro.t c- [Link] n€. +. ir^ o,/re erq-^f t+f
+.' cl^s\e d - k "p Xl,rrem* .

4^"h rn'-s a,,^d D a,i 9 r, o b ie ctivcr :

"{ A nal^.ro *fa fa the -v-Pyo c,ev\ by t^ll'u q a /bd&l.r-.,",h p*6*nq4r,sq
dA det-t yrr incd.
* Dt.,e.;7n fa trr pvocc*,: b7 tlhjch a
f,l c^/er.F<el / c-^g,n? ed. \aV-*r'n F*^ t.'w *<,y1q
Pr fma"r
7 ob; e cti v+* qar<_
l-> Prodtr a^e trne de& r<d h,vonn,q".erlr yn_Lp.lnr€
C

::l T.1::,,-, T,-j[? €-ryv€rvzs

{ To lol v€-^ p cyn,r{ : NloJr^sro.r rqran \*e + F'erc,ed v<r penn t t

x nsltrrro.l r*t p s\ru4e ( h^$,.^rc? e,n€-r:^^{ A cA*H s^) d4pe" d{ trn
itne ,8a? ,gl*an"? (

x Fwc,esil y<AF6yr e ( po,rhcura^r ,aoL*tie6) aar.-a+

ena fltt dy. YqJ*.
+ Tln.e rralt*a;6.1 ,4p 6nn4e n !u_r,/- o.*, l11 ? €,vo o-g t
opproa. * "r^.e
"? 4, *h the.r, .^: fJ.t be J.
\at*,-, te.
^Felc
N o l-e'- M6;re de lrcu t+ q-bo r*r A1otcf h, c-ri! ba dtacrr,+rc-d L .h-8,
tr
J

/\
\1

B. r.,1. S.B. Sh.r-t a^, Oll t\4 fnafitere - HyO

M. Tecl", CI X.I K), yl I tg
 CO'{].ROL SYsTEMS
ah q, Ft4 - 1 : t3c\&'c+ & M qHa+ rr^ab <oJ moOeJf'"f
Le c.b\$(t - Z: L ap[-o.t* Tr o'-tal5.'s, tlr'{ - R'eryt +*'c

)F *o-1[e+r' oli <sJ ttt '1 o1r q, ;1no,;c

rn od
\*Ft.l"w da da$''r<d o-$ ,s<t.
o$ [Link] *l fl^ah r4fy4.,Ie,'^.l.f tha d;no-^,i cr tr(. *ht- .*l1tswn
q g c*^rvo..[Link].
* Lur>\qc-e- Tvoaa4 Forn
_t___:___
, - Rg-vi e--*r i"
[Link] f;oaa$-rn of o. f,.r"-,diq ftt) E def'r',ed q-\
?t Jtbrl= F(a) - oJ^[Link] dohd.t
t^:he^re-, A= g-+jc^r, osl'1p\tx V6^riabte- A JLF) .- o f-t
Inverr4g [Link].o.c,e b'ro-,a$[Link] , a'll'r\^'^ r'ta tD fi't*t f Lt-)
f -' L Ftafl -- +^ Jt*i*r,al Jto;r = J ct1 u (u
J a-jd
<^:he,v+ trct) {, q Lr^if AFeP
Y*"^ .,:.::::,::

t.
Ct
L,. ,..it):tt?trr:,

3. bqi ,.

,1:,t.:,,7!t
Gti
-qt
CLl
,,$+<rsl

CxOCsb. u Lb) L
;\,-]L

)t lrnper, bo.r"b tlne-crrervra 'o

Cr) r\.^tXtp\^c^ni; b) c.*r,tt-currl-
-l
"o ;C LK f (bll = K FC A)
Cz) St.-., o.,rd Di$$erve,'.'c€ : U L$,cttt [Link]'frCaltFr-(a)
t3) Freolue-c^6 xhi$r fl^fsrq^4 : x [e "tftrll - Ftx+cr)
C4) Tt,'^ c xh-if b th€-€n c-^a '. A Etb -ff, = t*T F C*)
C5) [Link]? tr.{}rr€,yy, : TLfCc.b:l= *ec*.l

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OIM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page:3
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Cc) 3i$$e-rcn^[Link]"rr, Tl'\e,sreryy1: 7C t{"tfCel]= AFt,|) - tCo)
t*-g ( b)J = * Ft'
^) - ^t
cs) : ic"1
"
(?) Inb1"r G^U,':rh tl^t*.ryea^ :
tLI scur d tl:
ry * *-LJrc6,d hJo=o
00

[f cb)dt]= ry
cB) XIbftu]= d-Pca>"[a\rd XIb-f*>]= *-Fc^)
J Tl^.[Link] &h/)
.o Lf- { Cfl a |im x FCs)
tq) I"..iU v".I,..t b +o- A+os

l to) F d^al volrle tt\€ r:rt{ry-' ?' [f", SCf)= ljm o ABC )
b->6 A->

Fv c^ction q Po^+"' *"rr

InVvvae- Lo.P Lqc'e
tht- L v". cr c^*.r lr l. c.s.J-e a
frr-rc-t*sna,
To S'^d e
+{,/ Yn^
,tra y<a \^J- ts
u)c- C-aJ\A

cltl eel
o'^d d.-r aH ncF
Cgr..,e I [Link] d re4eeJ-ed
"
QgL 9- oo

€ry .-.re2 t*U

ql-),e 3'-

o FfnA the <o

rcr) $ctl = blo
*? of frt)
@ I37 e?
,c-,r h-rr\e Lo-p to c* bvo,rr,t{trr m ia 2tvon b7 F(^)
-9 Ca-tt; '
stt FCa).
VotC\ tr..i ,s Y{4'qlt b; tok'rn3 i^a v0^rAe Ls"[Link] bv crnra{-,srrn

tlne +o tL,r.-ri^"? di $$ &( G^fiq1 eXc^o-b; crrar ,A elrye- $w i bl df "fl

C
G Cve,n

t",,ts,*t C,ewrdi $ rsr^'f [Link] ?</YO'

,L
d: 3zt'rCb)
dr + 3zJ =
r- rz{1
-611r-
Gt ve- {-}-ah FCA) = , $d $cb)
[,t-tt)(x+zJ

Prepared by BN55 Shonkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: f
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
@ Ffh.d 'l{nt &rv.-"ae L-o-phce bvcr^afs{rn of l:C*) L+l
c€ x(*+*+l)
@ F fno *lne Lvsrae I ^. p\a btq^na&,rrn
o$ Ft+) =
x,(-tl+ crt)
ob b a.i n 1{ne ,q ,sL^i[i €rrt tC F) , it. the to t t'^st,c r"^, df /f et O^* <-
et,.^o.,bi t=n : q-d iCo)o 3
;+3i+62--cl , :l-Co)eca
F Crcl [Link] a6f.*ti ,srn r.( t) ,sS tlre f-rtt,.:n^1"7 [Link]:

{ -.," ai + za = (f, , LCo)= cr- , i (o) c b.

Ana* ?4 A
O cq)

l- <r Cf)
@ ,.t!;"

@ srb)
o $ rh) :- l- )ro
*?i.;;;:jitl:,1it''

@ f(t) I
'3?//.[Link]:;);l:

@ :tC b)= _

L
zr-C b) =.
,.o

Prepared by 8ru55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Paee:6
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 coAlTRot- sY57/fMs
c Lop bar - 1, '. B qan' c+ S/ M athqrvr qti col rno d elli ng
d
La4l<-t-tte-
-3: 7vea,t&rv f-r-, clatyn

* f=,rr SlSo n4,fu o-^a\&P\A, bvo-16f-eo f-\l,?.He'v1 YefYe$,e-rlahsra *, be

[Link]- c,srrytean-ieni'.
)/t Fov Mll'4o [Link]^A*\A, ,ghql-e ,Lpotcr- YePY4e^nta,h'sn *A be n\ffe-
n.$lu,,r\
Cr=ny e4 ,,ie*\| f c-t^ap1t" - tl.
Li ne-g^r S.1 Al- e+.nn ". Pv fn ct pt< cA. [Link] csln'b,. enrr o",".d l't,,g'"" ,3 *\ alur:q'ld

b e obatred.
It 9r6*t+na tt^4f a,re 65h"^::e <-oeffc-,iOrl'f
o.-rfe c,sn*tq^nia
+ 33,rt'carna th4} [Link],fcie-ltl

[Link] f-rac"birsrnf ,&UAl-€ur,.9.

Tvo-raf<- Fu*rn"h q -
eU.^o."Hrvn:
Csq;,fd4-, 4 o.l
difJ
?4l4C, Yyl -l
q"d*']t Qn d vLb) +. .' a [ovct)
I Llh-l
C'L
dq g '.^"iHol awr df Henrq o
APrh L [Link] F a- ,.4; =

'tho'\^)

(^)e [Link] tl"ti,f raio, G(, bro-af.,, cJ\. 4 ?ir* &6**..

Definifi<r.: T 6v t,i unvo.,viO,nr I .\,el-e,rm fry
L"tto'*
dafinr-d o.,h,
tra^afsr'n o$ ilp* tr-rd*^r the a*Au\rapb(-t, t{^ar- o,lJ tt\ib^al C^5'rldiH,:,^f
O,re Z e"ro.
U*gfuJ Cesnnnm<.nha rsn4 Tvaaaafe^, F'^rrchetn (ff):
* A [Link],sr,.r T F dA \^t"'it't d +o LT I ?
AF*Iv\A -"1^d
)f T F ia c^ pvo p c"r(d of a ft,rl-<*.r, i^d*?*de''l o f the- ry3ni h^de q*,d

t t't,r" a diff e,,*,r p\ *;cc,J 4&ft$A *? faer^U,-gr TF.

ha've.

Xf Rc^).rLfi>' i,*,puJae f"'f*{ , Hrta.r cC4) . G (^)

i.€., L-r pulae
yeAPt:rnAe cStr o ,l^d AFq-r C,onr l'[Link] flre- Aa,rn€ t^F"r rnat t:ra o.,bot*F aW
nqa,*ic-L'

Prepared by 8N55 Shunkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page: f
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 [Link] u,r de6't i li c=raa ir\ e,r [Link] d - Lcop *r-t *fet"', t

(r) oPa--b"P Tvqmafrv f.^nrct*on, B(A) ca*rreel tcopPa^in]

E^cal = GC*tlt(*) LoJl.
tz) Feed fc"rt cara Tvq,^ le., &.-,.ti g1.,, g,Cl) = GCA)
EoC*-l
(3) c Lsrea - b.'F Tro"nafie"r fi.*,r.U*r., : G C,!)
:#] l+
GCall{(a)
ruobe'. ln de-r,:[Link], *,t. b*, [Link]- pl3 oJ -Ve As, p"fuibive
FB.
t4) Evro, Tva-taft^ f*^,"rc,L,n",.,,
G C^) H/4)
C5) F<-ed bocA =
t+ G U)lH1-l)
CL'csecl - lroop .4^Jgl-er'] 'gL'Jo

RCa)
j.
,':a,:./,::ara_, ::: t:..:, _,,..
'. :l:::ill'::,-.'l:::.'t'::;"' "'

'tii:rl:,,:,t:'1:1,:,,:,,:,,,,,,,,,...GrtrllGr(y')

c.D c^) I
hr,t'\
DC^) I
1 + G,(*) Gr(4) H c^)
i.,^r,.
* -l
Gsnn:.red,q,y I G, Cal HCA)I >)L Gr"d I G,cal G'(a) H{,!1[ >>1 thtrr CDC42
[g-c.$^ €r
D C^)
alr.,,<r+ ne-(O o"^ol tt^te e$Fe+ .nr df,rt--r kA-,c€ o'? d f^
At^jpvt-l''led'
* AI+or -Cr[A) ,t\ 0ra ep€-y,d€,nt o$ G, Cal a^^l G*(*), ',-n vor t\ prspellls'""t
R CA)
t" Uta).
Senr*:HvCH i 1".. d+4vee +o ohith Cl'o.X.r t r nglr-,*t Po-,[Link]<4a qffec+
fu $;F'-,n bv o"",'af+^, ,f*,rcli ,:tnA o,and he-ce. per$[Link]^a.+rc€, dA [Link] Aen*tEW$.
()

)t Se.n*ibIvi\ \,a TCa) due- to [Link]€,rr G CA) ia de*tnad ag

2T/T I
C
-q = 7. c.t^q-''3e in T(a)
7. *,l-,Ae .}.', G(a)
= aG,G
= am
Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link] mi nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: I
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 s
x Senrrifvf [ 6(r Tt4) d'.r.€ lu Vo.^.fatigYr iaa HC4) L de{', ned a*
aT lT
^T =. - Gt-l
H AH/H t+Gtt
* Thc .l^o." ..,^ l{ (A) (,sy) L Arr^Asr d,:r.+\ 'rfje+ '*'
XU Fe,ed [Link] pafto,
,g^d SH,h^ o^^'FPq't''

* A t*Xl-.e4-t [Link] 7*o A<,r,Ai fivf S fa dOeof .

E x e-r rjae ,PIgble+oa I F,sr s +,*de",r Pr.^ cb .^e ]

Oro, Fdnd Yral fg., t{^e. c^:rn-t-vcr'\ J'?,BFT 't .gh,e^-rn L fi7*r..
x(A)
'*) ,l YCs)
h+2-

f U Ffnd rooh4 oJ .f*.&.f,rt"'

tllle c,srVe,ryo,nd.r'r7

(c) x [a) -
F t^)
,
-s {^fr\ Lt
A

}l€.l-e+wrinc. the Ae'n,tfUvttS 6\r c,lrrl€-d-Lo"P fio-af*- S*-[Link] r-o.r.t.

Vo.,\;.qtrsrvl *4 CaCA) cvnd H(4) {st c.s= I tad/A'
Th<- bL"cX dio,qva-rq oJ a $eedbocft ,qgl.<"-t i* Ahus,rn ta{,Lar,ro.
I urtaT
c-€tn,x4d€^, RCA) = d\'*h ,r'At"^J
R(s)+a mcc*) D(a1 df^t'.^., ba-c,e
=
Gcr';=
*, pb-|.
D .h q .^roa t{^o.,h c-ce) g not- a.$ftc}ed b7 DcA).
Prepared by BIr/55 Shsnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related q ueries: [Link] i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: q
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 z1n,tw e"r,*.

a+l 338 ti o' 5 atz

O (q)
,f + 3,aa+ zL+l
I b) - [Link]' i -o'
d'* r4T Sct) (b) ;-tl5i-+Sbz=tofct)
@ [o) -dt- + dt -r?.
(e) ;'+ gi+ 9i+l5z= 5-rz-f
l']r
@ ls[ I = o'3ee e^J \d, l=
@ HCa)r - Ca+r)

PoX. : lo
 C<r NTRO L S YS TE I\4S
4 qr^ol cs.] ""o a"{iY Iv1 q tla.e }1"!.H
c hc{2 ha," -| : PJa,*i

' - cb.:qe- - 4 i Tvaraa+4, {r'*rc"ht:r,n+ - E le c}r;c cer [Link]!

Le-

* ba,xic l-a^r^lrr'" KCL o-d KVL

)tKCL1 ALgeJova-ic- ,ttr;nzr o'll [Link]-rla eJr,1H^, ,rA e
'tt^rwr o$ [Link]
Ar teovfT rrode & ae"" Ol

* KVL: *l4elavct;c Aq^rn of lhe- ve/'F-7"+ arvou,rnd *J h"P i- o. Uv&^it-

.-t* o^*J 3iv.-, in,tFqnnt- S e€,ro.
(:rr,po'[Link] V"[f *? ( - c-rqlr 6,11- G,^-[Link] -Votfl e z(s)c {{,
^ ducbt
c -ffi- tlca
Gfod f,--16---. L11b)=+It',r,o, f(Lr=
o

Re&fxtery '-.l\AA- ucb)= Rf

fL: fcr> = + vcE) R

t%P f c ,, u1 !.rra r L*
fnduclc"
.--qf6'\-')
uc b). , ,,.
,l

o
ohrn i L '"n
* R9 I
tJn G,

* O Oe-f O,,kr ett^o-l trft:

\}rcb)
uzcL),
irl.r::l

a,
t ; : 1 :.it ::t :,.1:t:::,

-+:.....
'i .

cb)- \rr c l)
Sf e"e.t^^l tr, ,,,\1,
c vur' -.t* tx,V&=2";"'"iffi {"!;= dr C fd€ol)
'-t2
..-t
,,s,17 ;,1,,1w*ih A, ;,/)1+,#" i;
=g
C f de-al)
t4)
[5)
Tnve-rbi nq qr,rlD [,^ fi e-t : Nsn-frVe-rt^nq o+.n p\i ft er ".
ZztA) zacL)
V"(A) Z,(,t) +?tCa)
VgCtr V; C8) Z,,C*;
v.(A)
b1 q4\t'\^"dT ?dn
da Wl"
[Link]) 7aL4)
= Z tC^)
V3Cf)

Prepared by BN55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

i [Link]
For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gma
For admin related queries: support@ohminstitue'com
 Fxc"r c-"ae fuobleyn [{* alustaaf ftl r-,$!gJ
C'd )
Ffnd tht 6., o^na&r. S.-, cfe ,vn G(al -* -V" fr=, *[Link] nt h'h2 $r l( xl'.rs,.^ra
vd'(,^)
'J c-t,*.t
b v---- :
-l-sl- rg
-*" rrA ,#
\ri-z-b ,- . Ilr }eI uo

F ir; the F o-rr&* [Link] _Eoc*) f.,3,, tht cr-vcr-*rt zshltn^,n bel'st'c:
E; C*)
f +
Qo eo
L

Find Vo CA)
b e't's^: '
O An op - o,y^f civ c-r*i h f's ^Y' vi ta)

. /::,-,;:
.:1::::"

..r,:i;i,l::,1

Ft'nd bht b, 9911

cl

i'
e.
-c RI
Rt

R3
....,4,, j./Jr':li"rfr--?.#%[Link]'4#A
.
/alir/.i1,?tr{/tr/./iti

flre brq^nr.,{"^, {..-.tlor.l

- Vi[1),
Ffnd V; ta)
a2ok-Cu [Link]

U;ct) \roCa)

Prepared by 8N55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i I' com
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Anr\v*teq A
O ].tx) = 4
V; [A) *+ 6 L_+ 4
@ tca)
E.(A)=. == =\b = =: _ :
' @GrRrc'rL)a+ Br
L

v" (r) [nre* - I t

-?=. -r--l L-R.c b+l )
-v-cl)
Eoca) =:L**]
E; G) a*{6
Y'!})
v; ('\)
-- - [Link]'rs * ry* 4

lZge : 13
 coNTRoL sYSrEmS
C l^sP l-€.r - 1 : Bo,v'c+ n tr?qrht rn o$ c.o.l lY o d<'U-r' ng
qanr'co.l
- 5 ". Trarzlr5fq Ftwrction^- Mech
[Link].r{e o,hol
E leclro rneclo-.i csl *\d *[Link] /\

+ Thr<-e- Co\l-€-? e,vi <-\ o$ rr\e cAA^,{. ql /\.Lf?-vahr

a. Tr er_nAto.lU .sI^AJ ?*H,rD.t
Z. Rota-t^' si,^al €faF "+\4
3. ft5;oJa €n''\al S1,&FQrna ,-^si+h 7<oq A
Tto.^47|tO^I^€n^o.,1 f4€. chAr^i co^J &4t-t-n,('.o

Cenrrrpsoenl Ft"rce- -Vdout5 F,:rrce-df3placemql Zr(s). *e

SDrirq'.
rC b) t 3z-cb) K
.ftD f(bt=KJucb)db Jcrl.
or.

V iAcr:vr-r,t do,,",rpea 3
{rb

/1" 'rcF) M.:'

fcu )-
tu
,,,;'

)r L l'q
()

* efr
*
.,t, ,\r-o.Lo3i<+: ( i" g f-.:" pSu [Link],l)

Is.:-ygl:t'-5*
Fwcx- velth*?e
Fs"rCe - C-r..rzrv €rr!- * a1
-> frsr c-e- --+ Cu,erre-nb
S prC nf -+ cqpctci terr S1:ving > 'w\dr-tctcrr
ViA. d q^mp€n Vtl. da,-"rptr-+ ,Re5'6t rt
-> Re*qa1r",
Mo.-U > Lnd, ct"sy Mo-AA Co,gocb
[Link]'[ ]. cr.^,Y-r €ml- -+
veto ci\ -+ voth".2.e
Df,ep\lec*r,r* 5 , cho,rX e_

Prepared by BAI55 Shqnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link]
L4
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Ro to.,b e^,^,.a.| [Link]^aa 3

Gerno T$rg,ue - aq.^fo^, farlwe - [Link]^4 ZrCs). Tt*1

Penoenl'
Velroi (2 [Link] %f
Spr fn? :
t
T(.b)= xJc,cCt)d t T(t) = K 6(t)
f{nn(\ TCb)
eo(t) o

Vigc-cne.q do./fipe"r
T(l) _ D cocr) TCtl = 5 otgcbl

mo' D
Ane-,Uo
TCLI
cI-t

T(hl' J dzag(t)
c{ L1-

* u,..,,it, o. Nrn
aa
Y.A-
D \g tn

::Ro ta}^ cho.l : ema

SY-t,l
:* aLI\.:..^,

{ The Cir cuvr-r fe"re^ncg dx xcr,rr".

+=a=*,-
B.(tt Tz(t)
,,tt'(
l)
N2.
Nr
?'
rlp ?t'
Fe'r Larnl<+s Tr or = Tr o- (&r) 'TE- Or N
2q*., Tr gL Nl

Prepared by 8N55 Shankqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i Lcom Page:
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 E [e ch.y.n e cjna,rnics] SyAl-€y'4A i
)A r 6t dg cJ*vico.l or^d rn€-cAfur,,ico.I &-rxt-erma
Gen^.rbfr.+,Li en

x An t+n r.a e ?f rnurh P c:qi H ern coa bro la, yo bo I J*., t*ro t4, a qm o\4.\d 6t-a.,y
brO,cke^rE, o.42 the exo^rPt"+ fe"t the*c tud8F<4yL.
,t DC 8e:rvo rnstry il. bqSt': ,&:AFe,rn.

Rcr La

u, ct)
""'.r s,4-bt")
t
lT.
Bo.&'c gu.o'U crn r i
eh^c t)
o ebLt ) = Kb a)h^C!) =
o Ro tocb) + Lq +t1!l
dl
@
@ df =
81 L\;*it"? 9 NL Cg^
z eJ- ft^^" cti. s-,.,

I
h4. 11(]

Ape.e-d
be].,sul:
Tenr1u.e -
Tm

vLr t^rrXtu r VT
Kb

Cr]
rr?rNL

1 Nrn-^r/vad gllkl I Nrn-yad Find G (a)= OrC a)

T(^)

lNvn- ef v.^d

Prepared by BAISS Shqnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: co ntro ls.o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: L6
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Tct) lNvn-a/-ro.d rNr= z_5
oacA )
-1r--{I Ff",ol G ta; --
etc t) T C*>

Nz-=soW
-fhe rnoterr g.^d !t?c\d- 8,h,s\^:n ,.^4 t7tl*e' The torgc^'e- APeed crlryve
loo v. Tlre h"o,nef",, &-[Link]..,
f,r,,.lvw, o*;f;*"iil r-anpr^"r-
".$+ e
Sa [Link]\€ .eA ed a.a G C^) -- ?lt3=1 = rhe,, fi'nd K o''d o '
Vg c*) * (*+ a)

\r,Ct)
j lYtoh:rrl--l
lht h,P ! Ns=25
L: L-l arcb)
Oo= S,'i"4-^
yad
*j,oo I O
^
Na=ioo\ T D1-= BooNrns/rad
aA5-?,,
:" 4,1 r.'.
'
@ Find fhe h arn tfe- -fu^,rclJ *.r +B f-,=- the €rectrcn,.r eq-t'.4^'-ic.o^l am-
,gltsurn "u^
[Link]
! fr?,;.!1^"
' '' l;..,,,-'- ' ':''' ',.::;. -," a:'..,'.',i':':""'::

C ; 7 7r're
c^y,r*a dc,y LL,/ It\E_ "t,{[Link],.',,t-d,.#
lur-v v
i rP( Fl = Kz_ trCt)
2-
,t.,,,1,,

,tD,,,,ll ffil/#(=''i#'i"t'
.,'rt #,
, <,rhc-,e kr o^^ol KL
'&neii':.[Link]'Al-€\^nt1 .,ili"'"':,:,H
:l:;:t:'l'a*,
t,4; :,1!/1t r,.?:;:::,.
L
@
""*cL) =iiiiiiiii;i,
l;',',;1ffi1, ,t;,;z!!1i,,.I^
K v 77i:ti;
) 7-',,,HTYr',,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,
':o' +')
,
+ 0 ffiIFl ?ft
$ |
-J,:1,.'',!.:ii .l.t:.):;/ttt.

. ,... lt.t/rrl
u"" (t) =
O-*"@w'T 2,tz+ A-tl

Prepared by BNSS Shonkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: co [Link] mi nstitute@gma i [Link] Pase: L+
For admin related queries: support@ohminstitue'com
 CC2I!7ROL SYSTEA4S
[Link]"-l:
Le cl= ure G ?"[Link]'ffii "'ii.[#*o
* Mtrre C^sr.,[Link]".f-el :r7tt-<,vrr4 YtfYeAernfed tC7 th€ i\^t-orC's'^nech'ooO
C-qn r lOe
6lr t*^rt rv*.J<,mafaun-e . MuIJ*pte- *\il@/r-d7.Ftryvr4 [Link] TtfleAr'^'he d '*1
'tr^ro
'0 r.^r a-*r A i (l) A* btocX df*2vo,vr4
L2) Aa o7d ft :^^' TraPh{
B LccX dfactva-,a veduch' !
enn
'
B

ofJ nl-
fnq Jt..-lch on
-

StAt-e",-\: [Link] Pfck lc,si

0-
Rffi^)
-:!:
R,ca)
R(3)
RCA)
(^)
IIP l-l olP R

Rrtt) R Cal
(a,)
C(A)- {) aR #*t -sz
..t:

* [Link]- FgYno ".

t;:;,t:*;
;:;11)t;,ii; 1i11j71.i'i,;::;t,ii'
ii:.it;;tr/i ,R{4)
'. r' cC-t)
RCA) /il;,|# ;' ?,
A) G3(,r,
L

,lrJl,4u. tJood a dja<*nF

A,carl"r"t pU ,srt; t Ini rd
,6 'r"h,oV
.,/:
'"'
.,,r./fil

-Po"nraLLeI

RIa)

)'Fe*-dbacl Ferrn".
Rt^") ,"--r\ fr.:l C

-.:
B[.cx dfo-gvo^.r aLqebvo'.
)t, :-_"::=-
(r)
Rta)
fu^,g,E--61S'
+l
-l
xc^)

Prepared by BN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: rt
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 x(,t)

R C.r) GU)
R C.8) RC^)

R t,t)
Rc^) Gc4)
RC'r)
RrA) G(rr = R(4) G(^)

R(4) G(^)

Exe,rcrae [Link][[Link] IF.o,. ,afu"d"rlt [Link] c,e]

Sfrnp[i{X tt",c bLoLk dioXva^ "' xhfun v^ &$, a,,a {i cu)

.:2,,::, i::,):)i/14,1 ,,;:Liij::,i
RC^)
-i''],t,

R(^)

Ffnd C, ca)

gfr,npLifj +'e frctt-.a:\ BLocts. dfogvo-,".

C*)

Prepared by 8N55 Shonksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: co [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link]
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
@ Fina clxs\ed-l.,,oop hornafe". Sr-.,cJt,sn ftsr fhe \Al+v-, -ghrx^rn be.I-\:r\D.

c(a)

@ Ffnd cLt)/gta) f-, the ltAl-.-., 8h.,.:t^u bets^:"-

/,!;,:Y41

cCx)
RC8)
,,,,'', l-+ G
cce)
RCA)
| +G, G.G q t),*,f i#,i
. .. .","|.,.; -..6*d .H
,;;t/.1.,:it;iT;r!/l1i;t:t
, 7::ffi
c C*) '.,1:a
-\' :,

Rc*l 2*

x-

Prepared by BN55 Shankar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: contro [Link] m i nstitute@gma i I'com Page: 20
For ad min related queries: su ppo rt@oh m i nstitu [Link]
 CONTROL .SYSrEYS
6hapLet-1 " Bastc"' q t'"ta+her"'ra€fcal *.d"1tu0
LOcb,sre -'l t Re^d.-,o+tout Of rvruttipLa Subsus{€rnt @ontd^.)

Si7,ta-l flo"o : A sig,aat-ftou: is cnnsidered

VuafhS Zro?A €fh)
a^ the verstoi c? cr blo7x c'^7':^
[Link][rf tad .t*'
*1 be- cle-ft'ted aA ^, .1'yta;cs( rte:2vlA %,1^'"f^!:3
vav;ab\e''r ol t*, f"
irn purt - putpttt xelrrt'o'rsh;2a ?""t^3 ,o:T *,^,^.
eJ4/ulbio'r\/> Aor S ff, uro.^ iw*oduced A1 S f{asn1
Liwaar alnelcvaic
MaSo'a S aA SF& tpi+h N -fsrr-oavd FaSo4
Crrivarr
Tain
O."\d k looTa , the- Voiq beXr:zttt +4aa i't,7Uf'tOde- Y;, ou'tcj'
V
i4
output ncOd€-
Yo* MrAr
M2
Yu"t = i/-A
R'l l)
Y',
uchete

Yu* t^ out-LYwv'tode Yartafta

rr q.,'rl beVcoe-b\ Y;" and Y o*
r Jt* o*td \o*
= oP ' k'h ****-'r';?o* ^:,'^ 'i."'v );'^and
Mr n^*
t- i+ au op alt ivtdividua'l
A Lsia ?c^'* '*,t 7*t^)
+ LS'l'^ oF prod vcct's of 3** oP ctl[ po*rtbf
e

c-o([Link]-tron& Ol k'po r'ov1

+nud'\'\Afl Loop ?**)- $""

oPprodt,urtao?ZavY5o|-altpo*iblecpmb&[Link]\
O? th'ez tnDA fr*d'ti"t1 Lo? nd^) + - -----
AK = 'The A 4oT t\'@L pavt O? SFCI +\tuL t4 vtol
-towcW,rg oith +he t fevr^nrd 7c'1" '

ofP\'\ +tae-
Note : ca*Ye unnuat h- Layovt w\neA
-to ey\A\LrL 4a^y it t^ aTptce-C be'B'net'trt
tl
aat fox,"rtula
0
i,aPu* ,tode- a'rrud a^ owtput noda.
Prepared by BNSS Shankor, [Link] (ltTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
Page: 21-
For control systems related q ueries: controls. o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link]
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Ele".r-se [Link] f+o, Stude-'ct oracFicA
--- ::=:- --=-
=:=-
r
=-

l" rhe co,lttnV be-+,o,'nt+he Si7-tda OF +1^e- b-xbo?*o?

e^Zivto iA ShOu:,a i",t '
Wr".

R,(s) Yr €)

h6)

btaa<- anrtn,
c.>VorL , R.6)
Y, $) Syoed ?qleb
fu
La)

&s
:

LC) P.'ad .l4A

ti ) Yr Ls-

R, G) Rr L5) R,6) R"G) Rt:o.

Rt z6 Rr.'cl

2 Co(v\idar aq SfUl Slaouvt *)t *-- [Link]) YfL

Yl

ce) Je /d)
\e- ' -b I
jr Yz
-H11

u,

*H3

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkar, [Link] (tlTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l' com Pasei
L)
LL
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 3 .rh.- blocv dtaSran^ fepvoAc-inEatr-\Orr o? ^ contvol sva+<n I
Shoo'1 be-Lo& :

C2
fi'td
TT
t+) Blocx clq
Lb)

:. "':'
A
Arn*orCarrb
.!

b *E-
ur[9G1
A A
cnG)
1iv)
L,n Gae,
A J:t a
a,crr(|t9
Jr ,\
A
\
2' L'9* l) ,. r - r!

.ye e,lrtnz@shr-fh,
A
rr\ttk:*lr) CJ
Yr , [Link];wL ^n+a*n9
L.) fi = *--- 'l,L
F*r*zt Hq +ca3bLF{q
A
r{6t3' :- &o"n o- to c :

L-- , ltlrrrt-{rtcngut([Link]'.H+tC-rr,GgHtLlz*UltHrHqtCtrsttt'tqt G,G3*'LH

Cq brc I t- * cx, uyHz
1-t2g,q)
r -t /

Rt
Gur*) + H'Gr(ur,",,* I - G'Puq
Prepared by ENSS Shankqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related q ueries: co [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 23
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 coNTKoL S,YSTE tnts
c h+1lb+.' 2 ? fir',* Rzxy wrae Ana\x$
[Link] I : Trq,n,&i e.l4F Re,fp L?44e

X Af ber de-rr,!t^.q c.a.t rno dej .:1t O .%) Al<wa *lne ntuol- kP
ddrnaf h9m ah
da -r""\/,rr 04 d de+t6n , c^rhicJn l'\4+ the- fottuuc\ oblec&'v<+ :
(1) T van xt ear Re*penae A^\rrtA
Cz) Sbeqd? - Sbafe Reapternzde al*rrt\
cv) erohtf\ a,,**tl
x fn [Link]., the i^p*f fiAd to o c6^tvd A'Ad da rroh knr*ra [Link]
o$ Hrne, b*J- L v [Link],srm tL rrafu,y€ .

o.
* C,s-,rtten"[^{ tuac-a be+F ir"pr^l .*ignall "a
:-:
9beP, il.o^,-,P, Acc dtvo56'4r, -I-rrr pt^,lae o.""9{ nr'rru,( uld^, ff"n6tfor* ,

YCb)
Rr-tcFl
If ,l.6lt-ernrr .tA ,{'.,'!.i6t1=' l''o

,gr-tdde,n df xt-,-, lgac-atr, x t-ef fi,.1th'ctn

fa 2ood he*t- h1d-
-+ tCb) = R tr,LFl t )-o oherre R. ,i o. t eo.l cJ$^*f q^^t
=
o ,h <o
--> RcA): -
R
L,' l

fto",-rO ft^.rcfien"r [Link] : ,T(b)

yCtl" RL qct)

c-t
cl.-S L..4,^t , frf a. 3ood fef F l;iAr*I .

--+>-rCb)=[Link]|) b)-o ) Alrcpe=R

_A
-U
b,i.o
R(A)=
...A\ R=
->
Pq",abotic _fwn.h'sl T( L)
+ Rei>vaAea41zl o e?d tho.F f,f sh€ ord*",
$[Link]-e^r J{^a,Y, *he yo^ fi^-ctl enn.
^p
Ttt)= R bt,^tb)-
-
b)-o
: o b

t<o
--+ R(a) = a:
3R

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Pag e:2+
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
tr S i2ro.l,r * i+rr Lr,.2helr Yo..kg, [Link] ovr t1 o,ye CaLL<d jeok f--"Uq"J.
* If o. c^rn bvsl AyA
v
t-e,r'vt tx /,*bj eclad +o /ghrcc,k i" p,^1a ,% ?rrny,A,te
lce be*h.
"r*? Re,t
!Xxt-<-., p'=r2.s "o

Tob,o.r leApcrnA€ = Nqt ervar [Link],snrae + Forc,ed Re&pen,re

11ne po,rb h'rne ye.\psnae tl^e-f ?o€A
crL- +o ZtvO c\A Hrne bec,wn*4
Vr,.rl l*ta i.f caLl{.d c.\ " Tvq,vrlo'Gnl' Re* yenAe"'
Tt\c parb oS the +olo.l vrr, fenAe t{^af' Y{,yno.r'rvl a.f b*,r Lhe Lf,onx;en|- }1al
dj ed er\ r- ir [Link] ed o,r> " Sf [Link] - S t-a.I€- ?.e,t' Pstr Ae " '
c'H cnrr t'6 a
_ fwnctiqrr t A +u^.,oHso GC*l tx c-o.U<d am,a\ttc S-,-,
Ano.I^rbic
^[Link] .:"r o$ the ,r -plome t$ the &ractisn o,^ d 6.U ft* dor, Yqt'v<8 €#{i#
i^4 flre v<X f en r.
gr
aThe p.=rnta't"a flnt ,r'-g\A^nt, cr-l'c,.:h;ct'r +t"re S"-"hot,,, tha ag'iVa'livaf
do€.rp rrnb exfa[ exe [rrsr*tq eA @ ,*ngtJatftic{ 6lr q f*l-lcUeq.
PoLt* o$ a f.^-rcnerroo
-ftre p-1g of a f,*-c,ti-gn cann be de$ined o$ df q &A^ctiw1, qC,!) CA a

a, t
o^4ahtre q,nd. HTt" val'.red Ln flne nU2hbevllood dt' purnh pi, rrB
Aaid to l^qve o. pole bg ota+"'r' a.l- A= pi i$ the t'Cmih
.L(',r LA- pii G C^f foo f,'u te , h,s,a ztro vdJt"c
.

L+ Pi._
*
Vq+ =o$-1 f.:r.b,o,\
The Zovo .I ; di'.U*., cqn.,
rbe d<fi'ned a+ it
_, ^
cr $t^-'cli,s',", ecal rt,a

e^no\tic ql A=?i, ib A A*,L +o l"[Link] o ?f,ro dt' 'rde,r'X'o"r- Ar?f

3+ fl". tir,rib lirn lUu-=;j Gc+{ haa f,r'^ht, n'srr ?'t"o val^^e'
)r+z " i
Fdv<.h - Otdex SqAl+.nn,S '"

cCa)-J I .q uche"re o.= -r

|

RCA) T5-rr .8 -+4

-
* Unit RglP-4t : J i
=-SI-ef
RCA)= GC,t)=
#
;f,t tt-dTE, f-.', blo

Prepared by BN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 25
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm i [Link]
 "Tt^rrre ca! aFq^.rt"
fa the ftte tob bqk€g
* itoye= t/7
Te" trre .Bt-ef Y<*PerhAe to vf-re to 6 3.L'1.
of f-, *'rat [Link].
:A ,[Link] 6t" the y{gfenae
R8,gt. tf ( tr) t
e^*t=; *
* rne
the bl"te t-e^, +t're y{Apsr44e to ?o h{srt4 lo'/' to goY'
of f ba f,'"t- valut fa @.Ued Rt*e tirne.
6a
tV= z'LT a a-
Se b btinc Ume Chs) t -i-he t "ne {.s, +rne- y<gp€h4e 1.5 ^yaacfi And Al-c?
toe tfin, z-f . o$ &rrd val.,.re f,,r cAlJ<d " .sebb[ing Ur",e l'
tA-
Cg= 7-= +T
Unil-- [Link] Re*PshAe B tcb) rcb)

cct)
14erncc,
t
Utnit
::=: - f'rnn,^.lle
RC*1. 1

l+e^^c€l

CmPen ho,,yrf CglnclJ.r-1n' sF{

d f u..^,'.,ib - Re*g,sr,Ae
otl'r-
AP Rqpsrn4g

[Link],rt hob Ltrna Lf* [Link]- Prooti.e]

O PoLe; q^/\d ar-yd\ of q. d.r,"gfi,sv1 q/ye 2fvtm. FCna blre bvqrrr&+<-t
f.-^[Link].
Cq) €nrryLe Pot + i
-2- ) ;rter tfl' .rrdet z: -3; Ve4d:: - \, &
O,
f bl SirnpLe potel : -L -4 ; ze-o\ i o (e,rde, z)
(cl Sirngte polt-r I ., 1ro\r.A o$ erdc,, z: O, -l ; Ee^rcfr : * jl
-B/ -6
A tla€^{ rn-ornt} e^r rgtriv<+ j- rnin h, 'r"^dj cotre, q gy. 6t the v<Spqryae
h> q Ahe?
\ut'. A,fnr,^r-^i1 tht^rrtom4+r to be &vaF-evd,c,v \^R"^,
fir^.a the tirrrt- Cran*[Link]. tf tlnc +ht"/rnorrrth{^y i,t ptA.*"t r,-, a bar{1 , ff€

Prepared by BruSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems re!ated q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Pase:26
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 [Link]"t*re o$ t ohu cl d* d.t*rXl,A bneo"! o.f- a yo}e cfl. lo 7rnin,
h<",-t
I'\^^- [Link] €-t.r,.?n dotA the the^r nno me-|.<"r [Link]-: tt
€) Ffl^d o.^ [Link]"r I** r<-to.l€+ to z'/, Xe,tb[in2 f","e +o 'H\e [Link]€
6t- f, ft"r the bvovr,LtaU.r""-t rne chan-i rarl -c h,.\^h L^ {-,5
*^*e .
4^f"r*,
t'\ Le cI the vno^S,tr o f [Link] Cr$^a pernea l-A
t .

fc ur

Anttoa.,rL
oCa) A-rl ( b) Gc,r)=-
2-
,,>
G Cal = sCA+a) (A+ Ca+t) (.s+ +1
3)'
2-
Cc) GC.r)= A-l

@ O. ?-5 min, 2.5o

@ fr= o'5TA
x-

Prepared by BNSS Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: z+
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 C()NTROL SYSTI=},AS
C ho.f I+-r - z'. TLr^+ R e.a p enna a A*h .t\A
Lec-trsrs I & Lo : Secsrl6 - Ovd+"r SX al-a^n,l

X T,,oo p\ &'.^tt^J meotr\i ? fuJ [Link] cifi'co.H en4 f":, X eOvnd - 6nrdt y AZoFq^4 :
t. r,..labtrrrol Sv<_Xt^e.,?, *,
2: Do".,Ph Yali o, q
Nqft^,rol _t1."+:*"t, Q^ i
)t c,on o F q ,1g c,rncl - enrd+,' €nn of
nAfq, f,f the {- egue-t "F O\ ci lla[i
the *.6 e l- hrn .o f+houl dor"r *y . cqn t,r [Link] raff e/ " ,r,"1d o,n ped
P

nalu'-ral f-eXu*^n "1"-

PsrE 7ctio, $ .
o, E = Exprgl^Q^,\t\o.l deco.1. -Fv e+t^t^.,Gi
Do,^,*rf*t rah
N o.h^,r o.l f v el7trt^n Cvaol/.L
5
!- . Nolr-rsJ Hra
- 2rT P€"reod
EXp,nn+4,..Uol t rne Csl,fFou.J'
eo.r,.^[d be o-r
c-srrr,An'der, Q CA7
= F;ffi , c.!r'*ho*^f da,rrrrf,*, pot<A
jur o.x f,l hs'nce b = 6i
z3 6n
cn) f I ft, hsnc,,g., CIe
N.:r^s, 3= + h

C*r
.'. S l-cr"n d qr, a h* m of ,\g c,sr'd ^ errdenr TF, G Ca) :
CCA)
ffi
Rt,f)

GCA) [Link] Lrr, = - ! *n t

S+ef - oJ *e!e1d-,gdq A'{abt,r4 fu-djffere.,r l:
RcAprwrae
C^Ae T. : U nd+",do-', pd. (o < 6 < 1) :
I
R Ca) :- .L r Gta)=
a ^1-

A\-t Ll*"rg+ 6i
?-
C,rSn
C. cA) {x 4+14.^q^ A-t [Link]
=-

€ ccb)= r- -=L- ;5*"t.^["^^{TT,-

---L 'I I t- t"^.}1
JT:T fiTt
<-*rht-ye *ffi- = 6d, Ky:/rr qA damped nnfrr.'vat fvgt-ta"c1'
Prepared by BNSS Shonkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: co ntro ls. o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 29,
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 co*e [ ._!!g|g1.'nped C f =o) :
*;
RCal=;-; Gca)=
r
1r-
C.r1n
7p;
[Link]) '' --!x,#
-* -ga-+ c^r]
,\

=+ c. Ct) = I - crf, c+,t.

tl L$ 9 =O, Y{-gPernAe bec,sn,c-1, @ndaryrlped A/[Link] dqllqh'c} L Cor"lkin'u'€-
ft, Aeft,u [Link]
Cexe r'il : Cv(H [Link] aqr.n Pgd C t : t) :
Rca)=+,
A GcA)=
=*ff
CA+ d")-
='
qCA) - I* *3
Exflaq1'
:+ cct) = l- a*"t(r+cunb)
.* [Link]\ darnped 'rrAprsrnA€A o/rr the fqxhc*t pcf<S'ible c,[Link]-
oVt.*,h^gOt.
cg^*E E
RC*

cCa)= I -^ C-'i
's (g* !c^r,r+@n1ffi ) (x+ ? @. -qr.,@r )
cCb)=

*, An Overrd

Sq,,rvtn"rq^rq
#rl

q PoLe-r, Sb,ep [Link],svr,re

jc^r,,r/i={r
o<E<r x
C

jc-.c^.JF1r
jtr
o j.,'t

Carnd ...

Prepared by BN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 21
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 t>J - t qta*6,,f{Tr

v
- 9o^- -r,.1 qL t

F xenrcia e
L +-t .rttedenh Pxacfi cc.]

() [Link] of the bv O.a;.f<^r flrm cH s{, d o tlne {o tt s^^r\ :

ta) con

cb) o$
l2-
*+ ?.x+ la
CCC) 20
,*+ 8rs* zo
f* na thc te^nft

toC^+7)
!+19 , 3oA+zoo
td I TCa)= Ca)= ,a-r5
i! zoa+loo

€^(d

Cif,: ! e l'155 6n= 3.q6\ ) ovtyda,n"'pcd

tfii) qa l, oon = 4 ) ci(iUcofh da'wrptC
[iv1 9 = o. g94 &n] 4. \?2.; '.r/ndtd4oa,4ptd

@cc^> cctJ=,-E'b, f.,rr>o (b) ccbl=t-+ -3b

e+
* ,n', 'r''r, t7o
Cc) c cb) = l- + * A'"f- t >o
*;""f {.e.r

d) cct) =.2-
;fu,63hcd.L,IEt- t4.s"J, &.r t77o
ce) c ct) e 6: sa;r-f (3.t+ {.>' vTto
+-f ]
t$) cct) = +6 - * d'ot*+t a'"b , f,!, blo

Prepared by BN55 Shqnkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] nstitute@gma i [Link] Paee: jo
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 coNTRoL SYSTE MS
chlpbor z : Twne [Link] Anatx*i*
. :t"tY" -: : "-=t:
q
].to.,qngr it."f=1". !f..fid*" of #e"rOe^, gjglfe-,.a'o
Cr) P*lt-ti-fg-qlal '. -rhe h"ne $-, f,lre y-rap'srn^e to l"[Link] rhe fi'rc"t
""aE
vol*.,.e thre Ve-r3 fivAF titne.
Cz) -P-qg\S Jj f'r.- ( !p): TlT e tir',e to [Link] ffyaF peak.
C 3) The tirne z<Xtr'i ved So' +t"c' xt-ep- T4+Psr^,ae to 'rf'l e
-tT_tnS_ Ulfg _( !f).
flerna r o '/. to 9 oY. o$ ftnoJ [Link]
C4) F-e$U-.g-!ngl-hr), The time v<[Link]<d {-}' *l"re y"apr}nae .1.o raqrl a,nd
,SbcLlA rrcf+t^.in q. Ap..j$-eA ;lexcaofa?s .Slr ft^ ft.*t va.J.,+e. A Frg.^t^q
at-d t*fl * i,rtz
uAt-d
I
/- Gr):tr3
1.,\:f z /. tel-1ff /
Mo,xtrn'*-., pr^carrh Ove^r/tl.\,oo t (/. l-']f) : -fie [Link] t{^.0..} the uf,ave Sor-,
(5) Mqx{rn,*rn
cn,[Link].f *he A6eaLt-afqle Cor: *n*t VaJ.,..,.t o1- *he peok frnc,
expre*ed, o+ q pe"[Link] of the ft"o.t vall+B-'
cct)

o.j Cfinal

[Link].d
t
F,
--->r
L,

* EEE {*' h: bp"fu =T 7r

CI

rrohe-: h dt+tnoLf 'sn t-*tinc*J fo\"f tfu pole

e'^I1

x ExP"rcr+"i.:r,.r b1YP1 fn
7. lu\- ,--6 :-'c,-
= Crrqx-
Lh.q*-
-lt A* -&-r
+irof x loo = e-'[qL xloo.
Lrsn-rk the 7, l.n? tcrljl be k;7hW,
[Link]. '. 7. M? dePt nda e^., ,
Lr.(4# >l'
iln+ Lt *ll"
"(
Prepared by 8fV55 Shonkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 3l
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm [Link]
,* Etp: <-l*n'o., {or L* :
\= 1- {G, z/- tolq.o4c<.
3 {-r 5/. to le,rq-rce
=
I "q,'
n ot-e , t= de.1>e,rretf elo zeo-L Pqr b of the ptcte -"1t
* Expve*1"i.:n, {=, d"l"? tirrt ( ba) :
Sfr^p [e agpvorfrnati,cn r 44" h E t+ o'7f
aq^ , o 11<l
f',. h t
= l.l 1 o. ta$t + o. 6q_t o< 1<t
Ba$e,r t:''.r lr
or"p
[Link]
cq.
x Exp-*i s, +..yr Z{,te ti-e C tv):
SJ."1rt [Link].=,.r S* b, = o.B+ z'59
dn
B dlery o.f PYo ,;rrcuti en fol td = l- o,4rbTq+L.1 t7€' o 11<t

Ex e^rc-tre P"oblern,t
L+*. xlt^derrF &o"H c,e]
F"w.d f, -.,, Lr, tp, t, q^^d [Link] f,y" a /*Za+em cohdr e tro^naf<, {r*[Link],o
Gc:r) = 361 -
''!-+l6a-1361
If f);tH f,r o, .tlep Votftfe tn +rrq ntlt^rwk xl'tenc6 .," ftp.^rre" Ffnol *1ne
valu{-s 6tr R q,nd C fu Xietd q ,.o'|. crye^,,shrrob o^^d l- nrf X.t*U1 blrru-
{,-., \}- r F) if I = l. l-}. P

\.t;cbr

b csff.,,*.ide^{ fl^e civcaril- 2tffi+t I lo7-r F' FJnd R on^4 L {'

C

Siotd t5/. ove-rAh-oob te+r, a *rlfbl tir,e of T rnA Fol. the

<o4qqht
v'Jr1e. Tlne Cryr.^l- ui (t) tl a r'vv'rit At-e?'
,apec,{rco'Hvr^'1 +t\4}
F..yr eac,h, pO"^', of AeC.,.m4-grd*o 13'i*m*
flne to coti t:n o$ ,Ae c-ern d erv dxa P ai'
of p o t'e* '
So \to.^r, $i ,^a
('b)/' l'1p=Io/' a^ol tP'l-'r
to) 't. Mp= lL'l- o,[Link] bs'o'6,A
(.c) bs- Tf, o,,-ot tr' 3L

Prepared by BN55 Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 32
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm [Link]
 F,:n J'loe m8,fu ,Ll'\$rn n'a &7l^'re, H^d tg, '1. M)p, o,d h

e[ *-rf)

F err flne ,.rr if ,FT y"Af .,.,n^e al.r-s,*ra h ffrurre) t^a *he ho.n1{t &-,[Link]
of q ,gec,so 6 - de"r-o,*<Y .gt-eam '
ert
ccb)

t
@ FL"d tvre u^ i+ - AFqr Y't-e=Ft:rn^e oF ++\e tkytF{-'.r ,!l.u:.,cn .ra fig*rt
RCr!)

An r^re/r,,\
o'1828, Lr=o'o7b, /'f1=23.3/.
o !.o.4t1, 6r,:19, ,br= o.5A,t?'-
@ Ra E trr'>^ , C. O,p1.S' pe O R= 26.4r<.r-, L.6.? nH
@ ca) _G.6h *.j9.96 ,, tc.) jo 5?+rt.o4r
,-o.t:[Link]-
6 bp. [Link].b h,'1. H p= ta 'i/,..i,.,ts. l.6L , 'i.- '' ,

@ GCa) = o.66q
*+ o' 4 sBa* o' 66i e6?3 t
@
- r. r?-?L l.l45e- B.
cCb)= l+O,145e. , fu b),o
-x-

Prepared by BNSS Shsnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@gmail'com Paee:33
For admin related queries: support@ohminstitue'com
 coNTRoL SYSTEMS
Ch"f bor - z : fi'^e Re,rPerr e Ar.al5,+ta
Le ct ^n<_ LL'- t^v ean*ft n l- v"+ P st^a e I csvl ld . ]

* yr^ Pen^^t r.,si th ad d ct^ cn^oJ pot<a t

-aort1
. tt o *,,th<^rn M.f rne're J+\o.,rr lt-so pol<a rgr =€-r&, u.1e cqaarvob trzte lhe
l-srwr,.^[o.e 1-', calcr.,-,La]€ flne pe^[Link] -Specrfrco,Ue,^1
fho.] tog dertfved"
flr:n^:erv, c-e^rbain crqndft enr, A ,Strlt-e^-] .[Link]+t'l rn-ore l+o{n i'.^to prcl<*
Co.n be o{rprtrr[rr.a]ed qA .Be.c,s'714-,s-(ds".*g*t.*arrr thoh l'ra'lt 3q1t f*o
c{^rYlp[ex d g,"^irnarn f P:.!'-^'
* X+ tlne y<al pote & &.vs Urn{A *o"tt.r to the tesb ,r\a^^ the den^'ino.,^.l Polsl,
t-rs€ arAu,h,\e tt'"A'l- tl^e *1'*t'eT n & rfl)tcAemled b2 ttt derr.,ail.a^".t *e<,o,^./-
o{de,r [Link] of PoL*r '

SyzSh+n ^tgPs'tn,Ae ,lt th :eg:

of q
:sL--
+ Tlne ze"rS of o. YLLP\YhAe a$$ecr the v<-*adt'r'e' gr aartlpti+u3l€' Y{rp€hr&

Gsrnprrnenb b'.^t do nob c${ect the [Link]^,re oF l(gPrsn^e"

ahve of
b
A^rrrrr*ne, GcA)
(,9 -t.q)
i t'Fa
fF O/, tht
lhe nE
hQfarevc "r r-{g L'}
?urq LA Ve":
VEYY
* = -(8+Or) =
*fts..€ Y<+Pen4€ fa o1'1"oxfmo're-tX x cgl<'d
trqfiBflgt)*.
Vtrrlri en^

Tslfa\s
c€n de:rCVa-t^ya of the wf 3i,^,a.1
v<.*pty44g" Arl a bec^sr-c*
^^3^urt
[Link]+-,v, ttre- de-rtivo,tlve 1Rl cs/''tytb+i rc the 1.€;Pehae a,'"d

hA o. X'rc-ol-e"r
ef $etl"

r 'lLrt -[Link]""Hve o$ l-\g rsr,\}-put AnXruJ cAr^ be tr'ted 1o i'n'npv'sve fhe fr^f*"
Pa^, [t*r. ."tlc-e .

11 ttl ?€1-
+he dsrivo,t^ve- o$ ethe tx,.l-p,*i prsviUsn *iXrro.l, ib d'r demva$te
tre tr*e o. boclrowrep,y t.-f'|eo.a o$ P\*.'.^t\ crl;F$e"ve,''[Link] fhe
Or,'.fp+t O'?t""I'
*, The ourpur of q fiechor"reb"sy ,}- properbional ho the "'^?*Jo-" vdrc',i\
oJ flne molrSr.
* lve vcrnoi h+r no e$$e uh An i\At''.^rrql SVtX.^c""r L^l <u^d ha|
! [Link],rr
ttne e$Fe ct of ,-c- u^rtiT do.r,vr
P\ Yqti o.

Prepared by BNSS Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 34
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
X The peo$ [Link] Cor^a be ved r+ c-e-sl b'tr ot;!'uxtir"g
+he V<fnciby
$eeaUe^.ls csnabqanh g,o tt^a} f t.g }aefto't.e*r O,4 qa^d o.?,

E xor Probterrr^ t e
cil e ::=::- l
O Ferr fhe civcr-db xF.,gr^rr,',r., St7, find tl'te yalr.r.e{ eA" Rto,'{I3 toSfefol
LE it f+h q A€ttkng tirne of t-r**
oVe,rxhr:ob c,c f*r +l^e V"tfo?" qc,rulA
the [Link], *a*r_r|,;ct) o,r ,BFep i4\f,^I-.
:
V;ct) ucct)

@ Fir"d the ..gl? [Link]€r'nAe fncxl = 4l*] alr o'ch of- t{ne [Link]/r,,|'ft^, fu,'rcHs'1
crS!'.O.f C\,/fe- Crlrrrner\nha gtn tlne y44Pqn^€+.
2fve"n bels^J. tO*
Ccr) T1 Ca) - 24.5 4L f b) [C*> =
a4.542
,*+ 4 b+L4'54L (*+to)C*+4 A+24.5k,
Cc) T3c r). z4:5 k2- :
C*" aX*" 4L+24'5 4L)

6 Det+^rrninr- t+rg vcUdi\ of cr Ae crs'^d -srde.r *t-e'P-'veAPen,r'Ae cfPYoxfr'"at^cno

f.- eo.c\
ccr) G cx1 =

[Link].r+1

cttr

R(a)

Ftvr the *I'\a^:n t^^ {-t3, Snd the volr.r<a of Kr q/nol Kc-
.e,.[Link]$n .1.,o

:[Link] q pQo.t Hme o$ L.5 * crr"d a xe-bbLirq Urne of 3.e-A Fo,./ c)

-Hnt. ctrs\€d lr" op *t6 & ht nra Ab*l, Y<A ?\sn'te.

Prepared by 8N55 Shankor, [Link] (tlTJq, M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Paset ?r
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 R.(A) CCL)

4n*^t^x
o Rg= 8oo 3,A s- a/nd c =o.o l65b,t^F
@ tal c,ct) = l- [Link] eoF,,$, (4,5zrt- e-3.8")
tb) clct) = l - o. z1 €,'lob- {.iBq 6'b cd\(4 .5ga-t - 53.:,4")
(cl [Link]) = 1- 't.14 Z3b* o.?o?e't cd\ t [Link] +?8.63')
(o) 'Sec-.$^d
-wdq [Link]^^.h er4 t rrots vo,tid
tl) r, .
,, € Vcrlid

@ f(1
= 16) Kr=o'Zz5
@ Kt = 1.39?; Kr-= o'2-

-x

:liiiiiiili\$ls\
":iaii;iriLiir:\i:i'ii\.
i.:i:[Link]
., ::. :t i-i.i\.rs!rr:\

:.
,.',..,..,

Prepared by BA/55 Shonkqr, [Link] (!lTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 36
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 COhJ T RO L SYST EI'4S
C ho.f b€ry x- TLne Re*p trn*e
- i Ana!&i*
Lecl-,r,re 1b'. SbeodS- Et'qre Evvev

$ryerr frr fhe dfff

c
e^/onc.e lceft'ceea *he
"ryot.^+
cu^d au.-rpr-r-f ft" O. pveAcaribed fe*,t inp'*+ aA t->ro.
r^ Sbead2 - AteJ-€. €.nryey a^[Link]*7' c-*ril be ypUcable to .[Link] *yxbe",^f
er^tJ.
€arverr i,- lotnly
Sbol-g ::- o( fC*):
:Sbea-sl*{-
EC*) = RCA)- cCA)
€ CoO) a ljm ect) lrirn
= b+o L ECL)
L-+ro
:
lr
14m
b+,a
,[Link]^) tl - TtA{
Sbeadr _ Efgf.e e;rverr Ln formA of GCa) f,', cr* h Seea Uo
"X &Af-emo3'.
cCa) = EC4)GCal R (d) E(a) cca)
t^rhexe EC*) = R(A) - ccl)
: RC,T)
1*6C^'}
Bq-d u&i rq fi nal v ol^^e H^ oeY eryl, e Coo)= Hto 4--8!2
a -+.o l-+G(at
Fenr Sbep f/p:
Tht-.r e Coo) =
-shtl H- Gc^)
1* ,>+o J--+ Kt
Crryr,f bo,mt.
Croherre Kn.
t
h-
A->o
l=u, ftcr"rnp f ,P:

+h€^^ eYcrfvrfCao) = Litn .L I e. T;

!,
*
.t-+o -EE{aJ= I-r-no ,gG C&)
t\->.o
urhore Krr =
}'!.^ G Cr), U kvr n'or) o..l' vefsc".,i! c$4/t bo-"rrt
p':v Pc^.rafc RCs)=
l

*
"r\l,.il-C
x** t ).
+hr,rr ap*bo,o.C*) =
A-+o
[*tn
'fa QCr)
ut tcc^> =-E
= t>+o
t,ohore Ka = ['"r 3" qc*)
' ,' f,s (6sr.-sn a^ FI Oglfrh acc ele''va,b, qp
A-+o- ' GgrnAbq"r\L.

Prepared by BIVSS Shsnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Paee: %37
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Ttf" ^.^"rrp "$ =:^d xbern":
5_(A+z) (!+zz).-.
g cA-+Fr) CA+ PrJ----.

The o}. [Link]" t

[Link] '.-r *tre f.v't^ra,td 1nff , of a1 .nf5
"[Link]^A
Se,edbock ,*lxtern frt' hns,sn a,! hf" rr,l^-,be" o$ a, *3xhom.
Tr If hao thtr, ff f,s o
\f.-o :'"6*te,rn.
If na1. thtrr eL & q \F. - I rl,tF+n.
If D= 2 +hqn ft ,{ a QPe- 2 ,rr.6.+bom-
S.3. E T59e- o TSpe -I TSpe -2
rt^fd Jsrrn*tl Stqtic errtrr .€,YYt>r Sbo*ic Owo
?Yr:.tY S [Link] €rrror €,VV,Sr
CrY| {b" CJsn^.$b' C,gr\fF

I
KO = Conrb
I
KP'o o Kp=o o
Sbep,trtl)
t+ Kp l+Kp
RC-,p & KV. C'cn^lt ! Kv-- 4 o
Ky=o Kv
b te Ct)
K I

a Itr-=o 6 t{aa Csngf

I

Fa,robob. It= o l<*

-t}ucb) K*

* Fr:nr €xarrnpte,
$o t ts,^:\ c{r,'4c 1^^5 en*:

5 fut'.:;, .'

ii 2'ot
ill ooo''

Ex e"rCjAe py6 [Lern* I f* s hted e,nr Pvactice]

A fo tt s,rt'*3 [Link],.rd hYqly1*4*"

,,\r\th feed bqcx o?*heam l'\0'" tlo€ t-ottrs!'.,r(,
o l'o c's+z?
firntotio-, : GcE) =
!t+l!1
*C A-* z_ 5) C b+j s )
F Chd the ,tbeod? - x b'[Link] e^.rsr +€" \.^fa .I5 q tt), 1.5 bqc f )
q^^d 15 6au cL)
tA heb t"fi', r, ,,.1i ':,rrr {A ccrn bo*i ned ."^ +he .g pc u ,[Link] l(t =- I ooo '

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (!lTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Pase:3fr
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi [Link]
@ Giveot *lae Csr1byc^ X^6,gbe^rn ,&[Link] L fr?,^re, $ir^d tl^e yoJ^.g of K Bo
+hat flnt re fA I tc /. eryrr gnr i,.n +he x {.edt - x [Link]' "

KCa+5) ccs)
*(L+6)CA +?)[a+B)

A or^nr[ rreXohve fesdbac1< gj^be-n hax the ferr^la,rd fu"[Link]

KC* -r u ) f* to be 1o.4"".1 +o meeb lhe fo t{,ens --A *p'ufi"coU-
G Cg) =
'AC'a+ P) 'u^{'*t o' 1- ; l+\e
: S [Link] - ,tf a.J-€- erYv €f {.5, ct u.r^".it v0rvn P
err^.S =

ct'A ed-lrooP pote+ ,gl'rrrr^tgl be ar -1rrj f . h^a the value .JL Krq(,, F.

in o q-it1 neXa"hve fe*d [Link] c$^,hY-d 4.*b'e^/v) ,-cifn [Link].-cq.,a Po,fl.1

brqor,rf-, fi^,"1ctierrr GC*: FCld rtne' valret+ en,. n' K a/nol o'
.s\ (,r1o)
[^ [Link],, rntz1- +E.*t cn^t of to7'ove";t['ooh o''^ol Kv: 'Loo' *Pe.r,f
Arrau<.re-rg

o o, L, Lgaf, n
@
@ GNL .
.,

.:1.,'. r::r:t:..li:il

@ K= 1,9, d= L. 1-1-,,;,''.P= o,2 i . r...t:i

@ tr= 1. , R: l[[Link],,i*[Link].,lik4
:,,,:r.i.",i..,,
........ .. . :: i:.:tiiii'' .'ll .,,.1.. :.... i*..-lX:i 7

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.1.4 OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page: 39
For admin related queries: support@oh mi [Link]
 CoNTI.<OL SYSTEMS
C }"rapbe' z '. TAr e ReAperann x$
Leci'.^,yc L4 Z S beedX
^*h
Sbal-e E rvs,.
-
[Link],r -S fo.l€ E vve." fu-Odl+-rlcga4aa
The odvam.,raXe of ."r""t Fe.e-dbqcl< d,l tt"o"t- "r<Xo"r6Lea6f of ifie di*{rr,v b*"t<4,
Lhc- *.6>.bern cq,n lae de&f2ned to follrsr^: the Lnp'*,h .^rftn o *rr^ajl Or fret:O e,wev,
D CA)

* Ec*r= - G.c*)
I#Rc*r+[ l+ Gr{*) Gzts)
DCA)

* eCoo) = L:n4 A FC r>) = e,*Coa) -t eD Cde)

A-+,.1
[Link]"re- eRC oo) l-ttn s RCA) CrAd
,9.+o ,l+ G,c*l Grc'tl
9OCoo) lj'n
= - ,5-1O .s Gr-Cs) D C&)
'l+ G1 tA) Grts)
1 <rche,"t DC*)e .L
=
Lim J-- * l-m G,c*1
T
I
a->o Grc*t .t>+o
XX begd,J - x ba*t- er,/^y sr
b.6 .rac-r*dt^t U^e de
s:1|$
@
$s9sL'e=j:i}x:Wq Feadb_q*
of
*l^t Grt*)
CCa,)
SbeadS - S balt Yo'll*e "+"bi^?
a R(*lGrCt)
r,tXnaL b qf*) =,[1 I+GLC^) HrCA)

S1x t'arn .rr $tl:- *, loe r€d'Y Glr:4 crA 'ghor^rn [n ft3 CZ)
^L^l*rn
@ ccg) r t(51- c ct) tot, ecd)e lcco) - ccco)
e c bl
he''ce., ecoo).,g,o^ RCA)[f--
ffi
b.^t* eac t ) l{ a c}t'ufi 1 &'?d
Nobe'- t) e,YYsY ,eiXno'r CA ec t)
'

q/nol HCE) = !rCa2

z) ta^ $X QCa) I G1 Ce)qLC{)
", Gt c*)

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (ltTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@gmaiLcom Page: 4o
For admin related queries: support@oh mi [Link]
X Nennq^r\rh [Link]*r *7*be+r, ,*hol,rn,r., {'r}re: [Link] be csyrv<.rheot ,-,+.
tr"".;.\ [Link] ,t.6*be+"r o-A .glrr:*^rn be-tr*s:

l -r G(*)'fH(*l-t1

Nsn q"^iq $e-ed [Link],*qxbe^rn c-,cittn df*t-uvrba.,?tca

X gb,eqdS - S,bo\rc, €[Link] f'err +t""i,S ,lr.l1*tsa^.r , etx) e- tCoo) -CLrD C*

r 1,.,n , [[r- 6c+rG-(+) lo,r,-li"^'=r ,',r^"tlJ

lim ,sEca)
[Link] =
.r-+{' A+onlf-ry)JKt}/-Lr*6*^'*orH(sr ')
u Rta)= D(.A)= tl| , thtrr fut 7+ro eryvsr,
-l q-c^> \ -o
.,- [I GttA) G,-Ca) - r E- L
rt-\Yn ** L'n I
' o,v\d HCal
A->.o L l* G,t$G-(^) H(,1) J 'L-" L:-G-c"lq-r^) J

i'Slil..,\lr i:r':ij t, .iii',:r:;':i r:i:.r il

Exe,ciae & Lf,=_to*

c EvoLualc thc. .rbeo.d; - *bare elr,".:.. ol,-[Link]--t a.. e io ,et-.f d,^[Link]
lr

S- the -*lxhovn Alt:*,ca ,- f-6 ,

1D(r)

@
Gs.t&'de, tlr *X*be,r,a
B(A+t)
"ghguon',.na fig,^re. F,*,d tlne
Vaf^re d1t K 8o +l^6l- fer a-
ilf* "$
lOot trr t) , t*:.e,z.+
t^:ill be a o.g1. enrt.:'r "un [Link] ,*beody-*bo,,fe.

Prepared by BN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 4L
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
@ F'.nd ttoe gel.,,lri[r8b oJ .9"b'eodt-Abo.f€. €rlt'ff to cJ^a/v\?<* f
tla
fer the ,B: A b€,n1 oF fi3,^rre ,sl^ugt,on lae/-.s,c I

K ?)CA+ cca)
*+ ?-a-1lo

Gfvqn 'the ,[Link]*bt^nn -rl'r^:r,sn i. ffetrar€' Find tl^e fottr,t^li*6 ..

to) 'The :,-tr'rbcrn 5 p" t b) The val.r..r'e o! K io Siefd $6{' o'L"/" €ryvtvv

L" tlnt -rbeadl- a fo^l''e'

.*+{
*(x+8

F,rr the *1A bc,wr ,gl'r^:.^rn t-r ft !t*r-e , find flae Se,n$ti vi\ o$ tre Ahea.d^d
,gbo.I'e Qrrrcrr f',st chan?.^ * K1 ornd' K, , cohc- k;- too a.,'.el K1e
o'1.

A,rAt-rarrre Ab€P u"P*A 4" d';a{'eabq"roe'

^ftr boHo utnT'-,r.-l" 1
CA)

K:- llOrotf o
o €;t*t :
(a) \Pe
Ln' -l
.J l,ool
o -7x
Io+ ?K
ka
@ qKt
-e. -o.833 3. : -o.89
"
x-

Prepared by BN55 Shqnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 42
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 [Link] L 3Y5Tf MS
C l'\ryl L<4 - 3 '" S be b f tj E q4^d R,sot Lo crr,r
LeLl-u./re i-5 : SUa"bf klq

D€{r'Y\iU 'rrt4
--+-'
qL !!"hju,[ ::-:=-
!g, lrneo,, . tirne - L4vowCqrr.t -.tt.6le,ara/ o.

,r Ufn\ Lhe rratqzvalr<S Psro-te- i

. fl if the hat'.^^/al y<{per/r,le ogproac}re.! z€lro o*

5;p,*be,m d.s, ",*[Link]"
Hrne o.,p Pto ach<-r a" Ft i h'
r A *.6xbe,rn \3 "[Link]" ff +he rp.h.r.,raj va,Tprsvl4e c^lrpvoacht*
,rnftruli c^-L Urne. ePP, oach<+ ir f{ ^i b'
. A ,[Link] tA "rnAry ? (^aI\ 5fo..[[g" 1; the rrs.]t-rryo-l ve>pwLe
n€jtl^R r deCn^tr* l'\.l:', ?YL,\D.A b,".r.f y<-rncdrg Ca^$bq/nh a *.r116.t'err .

U^n.1 the fobol Y€s P qlnAe 6 g t a6)

. A /g;Abery,/r tx "Abq,bt€-' df evexrtr bo,-"nded hp*f 3ietl+ a bo,^orckd

or.l.}p*.h'

A ,*.6aberrn f,L "u^,,oabc\bte" fF o..n..,,.J bor-vrrded i^fr* bie,tdg o,.-,

u,vr bo,"r,.rd€d t>\^'t- pr^i'

* fn the olo*u^c.e o$ the ;louf, h. €n^I1rJ te^ndA tuura"66a Be,yo (fvre
e+.^it^br(,.r^rn Abo,te) frraalrac*ive o$ tnniHol cs'lditenr. Thi:' .[Link] tiLX
[Link] f* |qr1qril^1n qA " A8X mptot e ,etabiU b"'
A JL f <,nrr f3 "
alaA o tr,'.r dX g La,b [e "
^?

Valrrt+ ol tttia p6rdovn^cj-{ f ,

* [Link](b,*r vrnt .*r.r$ftuenf) Ggnditi,sv, fir, ,*lobf{if{ c\r o.
-tlne

lineo. .*\a&fe,ffr e+ -il"at qtl 1+''e e-oefFtue,nb* o$ fb,r chq,vac;te,rC,tb(c

eluotiern $t,&)=o, be veoJ o.,",\d l"qve tlne Aqrrn€ *n?rr
)r Sbqb\s ;.[Link],m,r LaVe ct g\eol-boP bva,n,q,F{"r &r-cli ernq ootth poleg
61"\ i,a thc- Lr-tt haf uU a-p\[Link]
* Un*bqbte A.6.*bwnl hqve CLEf,ed-Lo"P bvo^n,qf{^, t*r^,.rcUernl toitU o.F
Leo.-rf 69r.\€- po\e -'n Hne vig!* hAt& .S\' A - plrr..^ne q*d /err pol*S of
rrnt-rltipUU[ frtabe,r tt q.n Lrn€. ern +hre Lnraxlroa 3 (j^l axiA.

Prepared by ENSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 4s
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi [Link]
 r M o"6 ir"attg * balo Le *X*beryna have c-1;1> e-d - to rcP fu qvnA+<-( f.-c.,Ui .t'^g
c^lf+t", -"\ trnagiro"r3 Oxi,s pot"f of rn,.[Link][ J- ov ol poLe,t Ln fit.
Lef e l'.Al+ csl' a -p\ome.
Ht
^rrt^r
ii>, S b qh i U h{ Cv i }e"ri srn :
-i-he c}.a^rocl-e"rf*b.c [Link] 69f o,6 nt erderr &t&he,rn .a
[Link]) = Qo,C3+q, f-t+ erJ-i.... -par1 a 0
ttren f.'rrrn 1-furlucflz debe,rrn;r',anah ar, fott s"or:
q"l ol o o 0 ...o
o*l a,[ qo o o o
04 qSl I
Qz- Or Q., O

-Tht
Fne cc.h cvr rr o,r^d
o
,s u $ ft cr' e"r b csn d
qn

i ett,r {-- AbaloitilS arre

h^

Ar= qt >o ', Az= A,' Aot A= Ataoo

A3 Azll)o ) 3
a3 AL O'1 )o.-..
45 A4 o3

I@ Wgflqlsn: '
,[Link] tl"(,r rnetl".rcdr crle Go,h btll h.^:np r^ant e[rAed -Gop *.6*[Link]
poLo o.^r€ [,., t*,. tr-Sb l"at{r-pb-e, tnn +tre vi l"AUr - plo.e, Grnd ot t{^e
jc-t -ax fr, . T1^g"e o..rys +r^scl Abq:a,lC t) Gern.^rat* q daha i".bte coltqrl o
"Ro,r-th To,blel (z) Inlc4pre) the Rot-,.rh Tabte"
* Geffi&id€.r O,^^ [Link]^iValenf cl,rS\ e-d - ttop b'O."rX&^, {,rr'.,c,h'...t'-
C CA)

t'+ a3 ,f + o..f+ a, C 1 oo
R",..+h Tobte : torr azl c\.Qr - arrQt
4 cshe,re b, = --l-as-U. g

a3
.*' qq Q2- qo o'3 =
o.l
E o.3 ql o br= _lqq ol= ctaA" - oOxo
2- lq. a3
a br bz b3 o.5

A, cl c" €t qr
A
o
d, cr= -\o3
I b, b2.l
I
dt d3
__r"_
dr-_
- l:l ?:ct
I

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page: 44
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 L
Lffi:1r?:trjlr
-tlrue 'rur.,[Link]+-rr o$ vooba
Iffi
of
,.'o *izn'r"""1"+ +r"e

'lhe [Link]-s..viqJ fi"qr ure vt +.re riTl^* h^{,

n''ar

of g-pln-e fg e?d 1o the n,*,rnlae,, oS H?. @?"+ L, +he'*rah

[Link].

Exe^ci^e &Sbt !24 Lf* A..t*f

O
^f,.a*
A cfr$,ed - Lo o p .[Link]'errr ,gl'\ri.^ln .4 FiA. ,O^? Rcr^rt'lt 'c bt€, $.rvf [Link] o
*? crrs\ er' -h of pot+r t,a LH P o,r,ol i,'a Rn P. che ck y o,^,, q^nAr.-$q
*4ri ^t ralLl"[Link].s.r.
ccA)
C*+ z) Ct+ 3)C,t+5)

MaXe g\ Ror^ln [Link] o,/nd b-et] tr,s,c rr.^rn tooha of p{ns"^iot

o\rYe tna l#te R,H P q^^Ol vn the LHP.
Xivon bcf-s*s
PC*) g,J*1 y'+6r'5+
= 4*n72J+e.,4+L;,+6
O fi^"d thr rrr.,,'",bt, of potta i-, RHe r,n L!-lp f* +r,,e ,1*t-or"r xl.,r:..,cn
*lne fu tt s,aU^, {., X Sf'+:
2-o o
;6aZa 6,ls'-rllA+6)
Fi.1 Co>

AnAuoe,ra
@ 2- L^n R t+ g
t '.-,"r Llt f
c.r,ol
@ 4 'vn RHP a^d 3 i^^ LHP
o (q) z- La RH? q",^d :- .-, LHF
(b) 3 \^^ LHP o,^^d 2- ,,y' RHP.

-x-

Prepared by 8A/5S Shonksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] institute@gmai [Link] Page: 1r
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 col\TRoL SYSTErwts
chq+b,e'-3". sbo]aftj! & Rsst Lot-u{
Lect\^''!'e I 6 : Sbubi[ lt

Spe el cA,\<-\ "r."^ Ro'-^thi TaroLe fgry-nr..l+H enf:

c-r.

(t1 2a1o ,n^\ .- flne fi'v,A! c&r^.rn i If +Xe f-rtal cler"e4' 6\t ct Ye^^) .,t :noO,
a-, ep*iLsn I e1 fa oArlt7ned hc ve4latc fhe ae,vo ,-, +r'e- ftvAF cA",*qn. The
-w

vatge g fa o,llouced to [Link] Eeryo,ofb'c^/ c^rL'ch bhe .*riXn d, +rc e,r^lvie"f

vn tlnc ftvah cxl*rrrnn ce"6 be defe"mine-d'
Cz) Enb(vg fr: z+,',o: Scrnreb^rne+ oolr,ile rnatu,^6 a Rot^ltr hoblc, o.e Anol t''o'h
Rrst^r

oan e,ntrve yc(,l Cer,r,[Link].\ of =e,vd: lcecs..r.^rr,e !*lteve rjr o"., uva- lrsl-'6rts"*''el

tt^o.l C,r a ftrd..sy of the * i? fd pe?^'e"*" '

ol

Ev+r pd5nr:r"^;al+ ernL, [Link] loota J-ha..F qrre .r,;mmebrtc".l Ctbot^l the *,?fro'
-Th,r
,f ,69 m-n e1.r 7 c-or' g,ec-vv-. u'tJ t4 ilrr e-e C/o,T t d f H en'\'t :
fr) TtLe [Link]>bA o,Ye v<-oJ o",n "\ynrnelYlcs'I"
( di) Thc yooba o^re um% f na,vy rz-,-d A\-lmyne |vcclel "

tittl 1lnc rqx>bn o-te [Link]-, l''o-I"

R ou"thi S hah' t^5 crt'J-try f e''"r , t"s cram fi'nd
B
X *- t
tq) The ya^^?e o$ K l'l:r, tho"LiLlt3
[b) ftg f'."nt^e-1 o] cstG[tqg%, d$ o--

TC{)= +:t': tt A-t t"

Az
,,t' + *5 - 6.*- *- x*a
f ( A+:,o)
@ Fut ta,".i$ FB ,r;xbt rr1 c^r| ih G c*) . -$aA+ a) C* +3)
, f-'[Link] tt'A ficne "ttt
K h) [Link] the .15,.i,gb€.nrr tro be Abc,.bLe .

@ Givcan -tttc trv^,1\ FR ^I^t{'vY} GCa) e K ca+ +)

t^:ith , fu the fotttr,^rr*;:
.gCa+t) Ca+ l)
Cq) nrte yo,.,^te dU K tt-o.l- kc<-pl *lne xX*[*az1 +€ be *be,.IoLe
Cb) Tl"e- Vcrlrre
- cft K fl^^ts [Link]+ *tre e;*Lt'm tc otullal.e
te) T\t- Srcltrt^1 s$ o\<-; tto-h 'sn+ ari+h \A!-re o$ X tn Pe../h'Cb)

Prepared byBN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: co ntro ls. o h m i nstitute@gma i Lcom Page: 4a
For admin related queries: support@ohm [Link]
 -the 8lA6€[Link]
@ F.^d tl^r- ro^a" 'slr H fo tn,'rrr.'rg ,8bob\e f*, Ah^Jr.-'y)
t-? [r2,r-e.
hr) (,9+
e**t) (x+4) ('s-t)

,dt R-r+ CrrI l-t"r f 6nn, f;rd tsul )rouc rro.h: otdred b""p po t.+ oF *he
,*1eBno ,r\ R.U?, ir L H? o/nd ,e,rr jt.,a axf,t.

*1+ a .f + I o,f+- 3o x+ 1 69

s1- K lPr:'r col'utch the

@ Ua"rx R-t+ c-,rilt"rfc*r,, frr,d thc vorle ^?Abe.n
*ltot^rn
i,a ft ?*. +o be Abdbt-e ' \"

^)

!*-^*l
@ Utr"? R- H c-,riteryf sn, ftna Lht vo.l^.t o$ K tholl- [Link] 7f .ld cr\cillobonE fr-,
,.r"*Q <rri+l-l G Ce) = t(
the" -Ve Ff5 1.6"*tsem,r
(**lm$.fx+ z?) Ca+as)
KCI+3)C 8+5) dgle.r rrar'r,e fl1t-
,

*rY
rc
o 2- rrt RHP, 2- rrn ltf P, 2- tlr1 J(*)- c"xirl
@ o< K<.2
o(q o < t<26 cb) l(: 6 Cc> ,[3 vo.d/r'
@ no Vcr!.re Q- lf
.rr, itn -ctx i,&
@ z L" AH?, 3 rm Ll+P a" d rro pot<4
@ -r..K{-I
@ Ko ltr\G1o
@ K >-3-
4

-x-
Prepared by B/VSS Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i I. com Page: 4+
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm [Link]
 CoN TRo 1 Y576M S S
6l"rapbov 3: Sbah ffq a,vd Roob Loc'reg
Lecbq/re tT: Rooh Loc'r"'*- 'fnlrodurct6'r
. :....:=:i::::

* RooF hcr^f [Link] b, f".1. R' E'va,nt) , d Avalhico^l r<-p:e-ttmloAet'r

of *he c,t d\ ed- l, o p pol<+ oJ. a U1*beryr, p*[Link]*<.v t * Vorted, fzt a
po * e"(f',^l me+h.o d of [Link] a-d de*iXn fu xbo,biL! arnd bva,[Link]^^.f
Y4Pe,f'Aq'
* The toop $c-ur alao pvov(d<$ a m(aAu,v€ o$ Xezn*rf[;td[ 6\r. v1?ob* fo
fhe- Var{a}^.:r"r trr +he po-arrre}e.r br,"? cg1&idc3,reA.
Vecl-rsn rtlr€Jeanl-qtrevrr of C^ghrtrrtex fipvt,tbur*'.
rn
(g+z e )
Al^tr,rne A S*^/t chtvn F(a) = tr,
f
J=l
(s+F.;)
[Link]^re rn f,s the of zerrd a^"d rr .4 lhe ll. ^/w\be, af P"1"8.
[Link]<,r
The. r.n4'?nih^eie M, o$ FCx) al* a/n{ poinb g. \g Sivt-r b5
fi l(*.*zr)
t=l t

M : lPc^ll
l(*" -.

O= t
?h

[=l
b*rt) - LL(ro+Pi)
j=l

Roor"t*e+ of +he Rooh Lo&.tA'. [Link])

The d,O,ect- Lorsp Fv<r"nr'f<. [Link]
of Crerrbr":{ *1ube'vrr *}r^':rr3v1 -, fr', L'A
TCA)= ccA) =- l<GC*) ..- -
pdr1nor^dal urr flr€ d€^[Link]^i-
Thc poLe A, e,cf-tbA uhe'n +t\t- ckrq'vqc't-tzvC'rtie
nAl€n be c,crme* Zfrro, ('r lBo" , t(: o, t l, t tr ...
KGCa)gCa)=-{= LreY+r)

Prepared by BN55 Shankor, M,Tech (ttTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i L com Page: 4k
For admin related queries: support@oh m i [Link]
 RlFe,rr1g1f e.l2, o. [Link] o$ r. d.l q cL^dred -Uoop poLe f{
lK Gca)l-l(^)l . :. cA)
o^.d D<CCA) l+ (A) = (zR +r) I goo cB)
Eo; c A) C.r kn sr.,c 6 cta "n^a?dlt^de orf -tc,rf eyj'.
l:1 Cf5) frr kn s'"cn o-5 " AnXte cJ,rf1*,f sr".
A h 61, parrtic*.[Link] psrnb ern 'flre vrsof Lou"^5, +he 2a,in K ca,n be [Link]
ql

K: tr, l(s.*Pirl
\ Gca)Hca) I
fl\cx.+zt)l
Ex a, cia€.
_- P.'robbo""r,r L F.:'r I bud a^h Pvoct'ccl
ccn^F,rid eY q. O6^..hY eL ,t1 gbe^rv't ,qhrs"cn *-r ,fr'quvre.
U

to.) Deleryru ne ur the poinl' A =G 3.s- -+jl-s-) [-lc cof'ed sr voob t "c.^{
he*ht^,
err [Link]. If X+-t, find +f"re- gcUn K r.^.tdt +he ten6th of Vccte.r.

Lb) Rqr r tcr) c"rc (th the p oint x = &a'5+ j l'5)

esr Po,,r
(c) Fi^d lht t"jn K {o' the cl,6ed - Loop rlxt-e,ma +o }'qve dorap,sg
vobio a, t.

O tq) No
\- [b) Yt], K:' 8. 5
Cc) Kcl?-.$

Prepared by 8N55 Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: controls.o h m i nstitute@gma i L com Page: 49
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 ONTROL 9Y37EM S
C
cMpbu -3i sbqhf UE $ Rool- LocuA
Leclurre - LA: Rool Locrr+ - R,.^t"+

An o{lrrox"'rrret-e yoo} L-tc-ttt (fi- nga,hvg $eedbqcft *7*barma) ca,n be

dra^,"n ta; [Link]*^ri- the v.^tcl X(ven be.{rcur:
R'.rfe-I ; ruu.r,rrbery of byo,a4r4.
The rrr^.v'tbery oC bvqach<+ of tl^a voob Lou^a 9*"I{ t+1e nr^,r.,bel of
cLded - bop p.t*a .'
Rule - z: S.6rnmetrt
Thc vo.:b L"c,ra q a?-rn€.lvico.l q,bot t 11-tg y€aJ'[Link] be-colag p\&,-&
r<ati roh Lc .ei6 "ebe,rnr [Link] qva canrr;otex coeff i cr ef,r b.s.
lT

R t^le ' :_3-: g borr h a-d E rd of youb lp q^r

A,s K iln,-€-aA<8 Cf".r-, O to oo) each bvqrrr.h of yooh Loc*^* ori3fnal-rg

$v er'r <et opem- Lcop po\. t,c ctt K = o a,^d bqrr.i
"qle+ ei thery sn on Eon-
toop ze"(o csY) t"fi^rb t,:i+h K = co.
trrt r.^r'ulrt" of [voanclrc* be^rr,,,,inatiq ern [Link]",;tg eXt,^.eA t}re 6,^,r",b+,
o f opc^ - b of pote+ rni ru,tA oph- t .
"P Z+4&.
Ru-[e. - +'. R<-o.I oxi,l Sef r^eab*
A pcrinl- em the ,g}-o*t't h* or1 fhe t oc4g t$ +he n^,."rbe-,, of opa.,-Gg
poLcr ptga z€,rc$ on fl.c vcal axix *o +he ri2hr o$ flda. Foin} q -qdd':'
R,-Ie -5: Btt^ora st^^r o.t l,nfi
u $ nU

Th<' (n - wr) b"q-.1.**"o$i$e"b t q+5 och,^ ctr [Link] +o ,^nfi'vuE, do Ao

ti\.,...',,i "l-^A
.+hvai7t"r [ire t-'+ oh.,ot cr^3te g flivc,n b'tr
oAE rng to
--- 6A = Czx +f ) tgol oo h€nrc- K* o, lr \r... (n-m- 1)
O-rn
RtrI< -6
Tht o,r;rnptol'<-r c'r,$o tht v<ol qxi,r o.F q psint Bnnenon o.5 Cerniroi4
defenrmin<-d lc; the {ott,=t^r1,, tdalienehu p:
of (v<sl PT of ze4d')
-oA= I(reolPaTb "r"D -Z
h-rn
R.^lt- - ? '. Bteak P.:rnb,t
Tht breaKq.^^)ua Ptr"t ocLvrA q.t- o. pur-nt of rnrafor,.r*, ?d, eY, 'lhe
vco"I qr,f,f beft^r<en Jhe oph-Loo? po\<-r'll'rt Xer'n o.t hrca.k -t"a pstnta Ce

Prepared by BNSS Shankor, [Link] (tlTK), M.t.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 5o
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi nstitue'com
 flre rninjmr-r.r-t foin fi:n^-ta 'irne teo\l [Link],& b<l"ceP.r, +he Jr^ro Eed$'
"l,cl".t
f( [Link]^,rqrA o( lc.'rb.k\^ gerinta q^r€ rhe 2-3l,.^ruisnl o$
er oi^q
*t = ".
* Byeakor^:".^f bveakj-vr P aani,r. $1 f,re ve-l*henrr*h; p
rn
[ +) - t" crrheore zt qJ P.i
q/r€ the ne2aA've oJ +tre
>nzi -
Jh
x+Pi
'E
[Link] o/nd poLe Volue^, t-QJ,pe*ivcfi oJ- G(A) H (A)'
R.^Ie - B : ioc axi,t c-vdrrlrqa
Xn At:ry\e qA bhe 't.n<-nresr;ff,, roob b*"
cs,A€-$r
?*rt K t plnt- t^r(JI
or6,n jc,o axt,f Or^C ?n.l.e,r€d i,nh ri?hf h,^tk *- p\[Link].
To {ind iac crxi; t,6Li?, *. 6,zrtre.e Rourhl SfobfL$ c/yg}€,rf€nn.
Rt^f<. - I '. AT\te oJ d"+*rtre,rr / azrv(vo.l
OL
nt- o,'ngLt of dY o" lurre fre""r o vt-ol ^-[Link]
(sr) the o,q[e cr$ o4rvfvcl
q.h q. .reo.l o L ?e^r o t,r o.f,*l a2 ,r, d er !B <1". The crrll< o f dlro; f*r" I
q,rr ivo.l nee.d +r3 be [Link].,^f .arl- d a^Ij f€.r c^'m pl.t-x pol.r+ a,,\d z,e4 dr lvd
a2 ptJ w3 "A nj Le c4 i l€"' f e,rr .'

Rt-*te - 1o : [Link] qlt.

? Psin r
Ab o, [Link]^Je- pont- ho fff *tre Roo h Lo t^^f, ?o,,i", cqar be cclc-.r&-|€d
bronfl^e t-tlt-^'""2 vr,[[Link]$hip'.

- .Tr lx"*Pjl
K: Jcl
ryYl
Ti- I *"*erl .
i=t

EX
z-:"--%
err"ix" P,
"b
terrn,s I p-, S bc^.dsn[ Pra
"tl.*]
o gl<+l clr the v,oob [Link]+ fi- o ur^f lt n<Xo"tive FR *^tr*t'e.r'vt ',+\o^1. l''o-f
.

{.x,-.ra^rd bvo,"rx$e, f.-4 c,ti orr GCa)=

(*+ z)Ca+ { ) (,rt 6)
"'i1te op&y\-b"f bvcrn*F€" f'",w.,cbrcrn oF fe,edbatlr *1xh<--n L
GCb)HCl')= [CL+z-) . Sh€lch +he loob Lou^* P,loh. [Link]
*+ z%+L c\- {ePoq lr"re '
(a) [Link] P..:inl' ( b) Aqte
4@"
@ (a) -3.4 ( b) i-35o

Prepared by BA/55 Shonkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@gma i [Link] Page: 5r
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 co,\TRoL 5YSTt5'n5
chopbw-b". stahf fg & RooL L.:Cr^a
Lac+q/re - l9 &za : ftoob LreC.f,,"g

No b{: tlnsrc orre *o JhjA Le cft,r,.e

raro psrintn t <-t ( Le cl.^r
t L1)
"..^r
Exery er"ac Pv o bl<g4 L q-! tl OSnf Pr*
"ut{
6efrr^'d€, tf, e S1 I btrra ,t lua,c4 ',,, f,7 .^.,re . D vou,c *he roob to<l"g wf*h
O
oll ng €[Link]\d (atu.r.f oJtrehf .

C€^nA^'dQ,{ +he *1*t-ovn ,tSlr^:-sn 'rn ft?rlrre'Dvq'r',o the root lpc4* t^rflh a'Ut
nec,[Link]? csf c-uloti crY\t'
cC*)
R('^)

qll
@ Cs,rnrrid,e., the ,r1sht,-r ,r-h,:$rn ; fi?\l3te" Dva.r the vor:t Uoq*+ <'ofth
n€ c4AAq4I cJ{c^^[Link]^rs '
CCL)
Rra) K(-L*z)ca- 4-)
6'* G g+ 15)

A ur^it1 fe^edbocl 7LTrbOrn ]rpq tr-l o Pc'''-

b(SP bvo^o,r,f.e",
@ t -ch',s..r,
GCg)= x(***) lDt,,rf thr
yooL Lcc-r^+.[Link]\A *he value of K f.>v
* (*a'Lz)
Uohnch all the voohA q/re eXuot. tol'ul-b tjr +f''e Vqlge of 1trtr'e YoofA ?
Getfirrid€ry the [Link] ztl"[Link],.:tr Ln fi;t^rvt' Dvq^s l'lre voot lXjq'r
qrft\AII
n€c,e,^Ao4'd col'\^Ia*j Llh'$ '

Prepared by BN55 Shonksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 5z
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Ar-r^**r.l
o B.A pa(nta cF A= - L, A=- 1..66? ; ico-qxf^ (^rd\"^a or Jill5 [Link],a l(rrc
Gq"{"} at' B.A poinha : z o,^d t.g5z
f].A pcnnt'* o.h 3 a - o,4Lt ,, jc,[Link]* c^rclXn6qJ- tjl.6tz oohq4 Kr B7.q+
Gqin o.r B.n Pdnt = z. gzs
[Link] qj A= a.885; [Link],r *#"e q1l *.j+ *t^,ea Ke I
G ain o..t B.I . ?o(n F = 14..1

@ K:49 -4 aJ- A=-

@ cewthroid otA=-t.6) B. A poinf,r o.l- A e o, - !'' L, - 1' z ; Tl're've da rr,lc jtrs-ort4
c,vdrAd n?; Gqin e^l Bn pufnF (A c -r.2) t 4.\L

L ectu^r e -ZO
N,srr -lnrruirrrurrn Pk a*g STxbearrr't
"
If q11 ttnt- poL<4 or..d zcrrg\ t:J u ^.,^btrn l,re 'n the Lefb lTal-ir
x-pto'ne,

thtn the *-6xbe"r"r r3t' cqUea "t"-injmc-tr^a pha+""

^?'cfornh^U' A*p\o"ne, fien r+re
ff o *t"be,rn}-\+S ?e^o ,r^ tht
crrLe-agb en^e- viShl
BlXbe,rn ;f a^U.,a "*r..,-rrLiNimL^rr4 plra*e" Alxtem- The bvq^^,ff-/ ff-r-rch'rvn
a,r^d Roob Loc"r ploh Qar+ aF^:^^rn un *lne 6'?*11*
J
K Cl -Tqel x=* -*.
*r=o'n { :")
-t \ {*
s"a^!T
.,,(L
*!Blr" crlI. l ?\
,:;..*:r ,1,
,',:"Y

Roob Lor-r,.r.A [Link] Pd*Uve $eetba.l. XVafem,S

RuI<-f [Link]-A,ptwrdfq to n^ rrrbe-,r of brOrrch.g, ,Slrnrneh! , AfovYb c,^gt e'nd oJ
Hne voob Loc-r-rA, Bre.a,t-pcrtnbr. Aolc^ l6,ti6^t o',md ic-*r [Link] c-,vriru? 4 ane- 8omr
q.a +h^I o$ [Link] [Link]"
-ve
* A purnb qrn the r<ol qxi.'l h'r* crn +he RLD i$ +tre n. rrnbtn of ol polq [Link]
zrnrd (}n the Y<-ol oxiA fu the vfShi o$ t{-ria 1:stnt J,r, frr/ r/n.
,r 'llne 6n-rrr)bro,r,che+ o$ Rt-U u:hi"h bq^a to t-,Sttiq, do *'c afsl *bYoi2ht
\,r*n<- q,,'.,i^ptDtc* t-pt..<!e- a,,.3Le ia 1fv.*r bX oA- 2 Kso,\,..(n-m-t)
#
-x-
Prepared by BN55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: fs
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi [Link]
 C,OT{I RO T SY STE I\4 S
l"slture -zl

h
Po Le- S€.^,*,f Hvf
..

* The vooL Lot^ q p1ob of the cr,<fre.d - lrooP [Link] otA 6. *1*tttn 1tur*mtlot
t'**ua\ the 3cr-in) cl"varrX++'
* Ats^? ,,A,ervne ,,(,ectrovrA o$ the RooF [Link]$r
. Vrr{t [Link] c]nAd\?.+,.lrr ?airl [Link] V€,rY l*3a c}ul rXc{ to PoLe Locoh''srtn

\ Vel \aqe cl^o^n3t+ vn 2ain X'f€fd Verr1 Awr*(l c,t'aangr-f '-r poLe LDcafiert'

* In tine fi"vlb CqAe,, u5€ Aq? thAf the *,r-he,m l^o.* a' l'rr3h Aentbtlvf[ fu
c\t-l t^^ ?d.. 1r1 ltre *eca,'.d cag'€r the 'gi^t{'Yrt h44 t'$^3 xem*n'trvd!
l.c clq"n?*{ * ?ei.t'
r+. The A€"\,Lthvf E o$ q ctrsr<d-Lo.:p'*, * E*'n K ea g dc$'nd e"r
quLK : u 29
t"5J-
)r. -The o.c.\t-,.ql clno,nXe ,r4 the c,td"{rf -to"P poL<+ c-q"nbe opprotirnattd a.L
Aa =- xx s|* +
urhs^.e \g the $voc$[Link] cl'.a",r e i- ! [Link] X '
+ A

Char:he"r 4 : Fveq,*t ^c^1 Rexpenxe Anatnr"i,S

-Ihe. nn%nitr*de a,,nd [Link] vtla,tienaahip b+r,c+en the frirre"t,t
Eg[!l!!g}i v
oidc^l
irrguf [Link]---ttnt. Aberrd? xlaFe orJpt.,.,f oJ q A1*t-earn f,r [Link] ol>
- : .. l. .: t,

" Fr e1t^t-ra Re't1r tbJ e'r'

tcb)= A $"'{,s LI
ct). B dc^rta 6;
"
Lor) f5 $n Cr,ct + $)

1 Feo"*r-^x+.,f oS $rcX,*t-,1 v<.-e>pwute !o

. Si3ral qn^d pr<ciAe meoAu-rin6 -nrr"brur"r,&)t4 o,"re readib

?e,vre"ro.h}rA
qvai\ob\r- tsr VO^fu\J.t yo^.g{4 .sf frtlt-tt-ru+1 [Link] o.,".,pU+,olc+.
. The eC\Ae o,/nd Aeq/..{crc1 of rneO..[Link]*1.1qJilbA qrre Agvnr- of ++re cfdr.a-_
er o$ fvelt-tt"n1 ,*PsnAe rnettro d .
beg
. The ,[Link]^ml t\o^e he de-rri?n.d "go t!\qJ- +he efft-cta of lrarrdi-grivclte
rr-si,ge oJye [Link]?tbte.
. lfig $rgu.,q1 r4ptrx-te b,eAb L f-8.,
".ot rcCsrqrn€.r]dsst ^y^
[Link] [Link]+h
b?" tirne cm,[Link]*.

Prepared by BIVSS Shonkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co ntro [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 54
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Csrrelc,tr, errl tirtg q^a fieqLr&lu{
Ict-r.^rean TegperrnlB i
-7-A'
* Tht casr'reLrtiern lc*.,c Q,c,rl time orr d fie4r.^"-,7 T{+f stoAe l^o.t o.a ealcLiOft
$'>rrn -^q &* fty,rb o,,nd *[Link]-/ a?Abe,rrr4.
K -*-
W1 ACA+ a f ..b)

1-
s c*)
c-\1n
,
Tt^)-_ =
RCA) ,f;tf .,.1r g+co",,'

fhe JLfrr,,.rAGidaI brwnrr._fe,v fr,r-rc^biern of the -aX,ct*a,rr tX

Ttjr,,1=ffir=C =14 16

Nlcrr^r, the rru.2rut'^de 'L, rq = \fQt,o)l --

- bqdlt#,;
-tt'\e pha*e o,qte 7L, c|= TJCj''r)
=
r-Lq,J J

xt O g +ve, thtri iF lg co.t\<i pkle l€od ntlr,cerrK q^^d ff + { -ve.,'the'n

fb g *Uad phorre [.o^q
o
ntf..3 (5rk.
if Cr)'e O *he,n M.l o^"d $*o'
ff C.0
= G)r., t-in€an ,=+ 4
c\"^d +=-+
i+ CrO-+ oO +l^t^ M=0 q,hd * =
-7f

o
sCa+z)
I$ K CA ae.r to 2-q $^a thc c1^4,^?4A \m c.,tJc${d-Loop pole Locofioo Sev
q 5 7. dnaoXe ,rrr K.
Crnrr,aride"r +lne ,r" itt- $eeabo.4< *;*h++n c,sith 1ne opon[oop brq"r*+u, fi.^^.hs"r
i'o
,a+L
G c,t) =
obbcrio it\e *.bea\ -xtare oulpurl o$ +he a1etom ,ohe", ir L arub5ecled +o
eoch of the {otlcn,o\ [npur,t,:
tq) tcb) = g'in Ct+ Boo) (b) yct)e z (s\Czt- 4 S.)
(c) 'rCb): 9in C b-r 3o") 2- 651f:-t - 4 5')
-

Prepared by BfV55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l,E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 55
For admin related queries: support@ohm [Link]
 Al^lAt^re.r,t
O Ax = * 0'11?5{''t' a: -r1"'o5
the Cr- poLe Q't-
E{/ /o.*{ +*rr#<rt'gp6w .<{,'*E /[Link]
A.g- -o,oo25 [Link] ihe cLpo\e c\t' A:-[Link]
(q) QrcLt : o.g05,ain (t+ 2-4.35" )
(b) Css Ct) :. I . ?9 c'n [z t - Sr-'e" )
cc) crrcb) :- o, to5 ^io(t +24'95') - t'"1 aJ)[zt-55'3.)

?%e : 56.
 CONTR'3L SYSTE MS
Chapbe,r- 4: fiveXuana ReSpouxe nr.a\*t*
Le [Link] z2-
-
Mr q/,^C C-r.)1 .o The $te1,.,r€/tc^e +he rro.i\i+^de ba)I'e'f a peOh val*e
c''Ohe.r
::=::
"y"JL&Fa/nb {^rrau,r4 1'cq1, or,.c the rna2n fttde cr}'ilnfa
ffi
$"e-a,^e-1 f*, Xruor,en O,A" ,.,,Agr6ornh P*ltL tt; '

.4n4l = o tc i-tt 2ive oJr: cq"fi;T

dco I
Go=(*r, Or Ol Mt ' = z{JL-1-
* l=*!<L, flntnn b\1f .q"^d MrlL.
* Fs, 1 ,#, ffh cq q^^d tr. *'rnb be defind'
* lv\y ,4 --i-ac cqti 'stn oF ve-tafi ve xtob iL; I o{ +he ,*Y ,tht fi.
,gaUA$ach:.y: pealysrrrr"a"nc,*-; !-.o 1H, {. L.4 crrhicrf c,errvegp6^d{
to
ft Ferv
on e$$ec.b've do,'r,P\,n3 ro'tio of o' 4 L\ < o']'
* Forr Mr ) .t.5, [Link] ,sbe1r t-',[Link]'.,rlt- Y*i>l)[Link] <xhibifa \u7e overy'fhst

-. *Iq
c^rb'.
.x I$ cro ) ur, th<,.r M dgc"rears(4 r^,\:rro+-,s^icoilX
r The t..'reXu+"., t3 o.j c^rl'.; ch M M{ A voJ-r^e tS\" # t^ CqJJ td +he cr^-f- ojf
C6").
$reat^t-,c^tr 1:a?:,.

F,s, [f*-dbac], .il6,xVWr*rfrCY0l^fle oJ $v{r"r+4ci<+ ovt}t

oj tY€L'"^t"4c'l{-} ov0r ctf,n/Lrr t-l ,{
Crrl^ui ch I.r1 { nu^t
9U,^)
to sv Xrcorel *"-'# U ci-tled +l" b;landutdt+1 (qb)' A* cs'n].vcvl \^\
fdtLr '1t e''^ol t'o
br% U:^,3 a C m : L el c^ra r.r), tl^t f,o'rrd 's
- pq^r" eitil

M
l.o
1-
EI-
. C^)
GrL
t Crlg A/ *b be +-xpv+.t6qcjl a^{
[l: {2-
C-r.l: d c3^rt
--aI @b= oo"Jtt- zl")+Jza
X Fe,v a 2iVe-r 6n, tirfe .rrne i.,vrCrrcaAe c,st*r i-cr"€A*e i'r T q-d tA" ot.^lilltr
dec-reAA€,; ,,c(tfr '.-,t-ru,qe .,n $. Hc-rce, C.L ornd bv a,re
t-rvtx8{ ;froporho^a/
trr eA ch othe"r'

Prepared by EfVSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: contro [Link] m i nstitute@gma i Lcom Page: 57
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 P"l.a" flLor*
De$i\i_enl'. "Tlnr p'c[$- pt,ot of ,o",,.^.r*cndal bro-x$,., S^o"Uon Gtj.,o) tx q
PLrb of the rnognitt^de of GCjco) VtrAuA ttne phee o,r1te o$ Qdcs) en1
po\or, co ervdfr.o--ts{ q.A ci fr vo..ied {.lsn" O +o 99. Poto^"r ptota ore o$tenn

1s${rrved or "NXg,r*i*b PLo t"

*Th'e- p&t$ve pl^,[Link] o4te i" -*rrAt^rr<d ,,4 Cs\^.n+t"r c1nokr,oi,te &s,"', ltng
+Ve reo.l qxt*.
-ilfte neg ative phaAe or.3Le t'g rn$.At"r-rrd the +vg
'.r',r c1,,ocfir^lCxe F"er"n
r<-ol axCl.
Tl^e ppoto^
Tr^e o \-s,{ pb
P
r depfctr
Lo F 'ttne &
dep ac-ba the ty e,Xt^e"a I y{\p sn A€. [Link],,
a?q€"4 cX c.ha4 q ci C*tic* ofo
a +e"r
,[Link],Abtn"r ove,r the ernGve- {-re1t^c1 t tamne vn a *i1le PL"b'
[Link] or^al Dg{[Link] r,e- Fa cte,v.,r :
i.. Gcju:: = = -j+ t /-9o' , rn€arri,L the pota,r pLot c'x flne -ve
*-
L"[Link]..6 ox(.1,.
=
Crl

d thB poLl"v lrw E

Y.,rl-r pLo ! g'r the -t ve g,nao.g
2. G Cjc,o1 = j t,o = t^' 7}9 , nrr€o,nA -"' -dfT"?
o* il"

G(j-)=6

l_.

If C-s=6 +hern I'1r O o'4d S= clo

- T theq M=+
I+ c^r=A o"ot 4'-45'
\12-

I{ c^l z ,D 'l{rt,rl Me o c4ef $: - ld

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co ntro ls. o h m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page:
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 GCiG)= ;1,;i . x+jY
a+j
[Link],re Ya+'q"^d \e -lffi=
-
[Link]

i-+ crs-T -
Than Gse co^n 2er L"-+i-Y*= L+lL ,r,t<o.''rA tt,le- pot4zr pJ,oF 6\r
j-
v - .*
G t\c-,s)
t.,s1 L') q qiv de c,lflh c€m +t / * lu qn^al [Link].\ of {/.'
1+j

z. 9r
f-jr,c).=_ f#f
Geur) = uG*tffi /!36"ur
t't (r)-o +hc,Yt M= I o"d St o-
df Co + ,o Jt€^a IV) - d q^^ol 4. Tl z
@lre-Lp-rdi1 p"trra pLob g Ah,slnn * fr'A.

P*o![trnX [F.o ,gtqd [Link] [Link] c+]

Exe-ci,ge +:-
-o t!-€
Fi" o\ clx$ed-lpop ba-rdco(O+r-, 1-44 re-d f-e,.v zo/. o,re,r3l1rcol
q^"ot

:,eXLi1 tirne of LL.

@ fev [Link] cld\{d-bop *;Xbtn"r c,cf+h the $o[rs\,J\""g p+-rlfevrronc,e- c,}r"r611r.,y-
.gtic-r.,thol fh€- c.\rned- br:p lco"ndt^:fdttr:
,a, q =,o.2- cr,wol t7lAX Cc) bS-4,g qn.'d tp. *^.
,

te) t = o.?_ ouv.,dl br;'i,l

Crrn,qr".&^r the ,o,Abq^l c'[Link].e elsle-d-Gop b'o*t"sft'
fi^^"lhtsn i'tf
ccir - G(o'5A+1)
?c-c*l = Co* t^- , I ...: .:,. .t'. l:'a

obbUn -tlne -sL-€.4\ * A|6l.e Y4+P€rnA€Pen r{t

O$ the g'J'Lt-e"'t <'che-r fb* 6
,l flre
o$
5 --::,;[Link]*;t!*i:/,

AnAt-,rerl,l
Y*l/+ b) 1'613 tud/'\ tc) z' 21 vad/x'
@ ta) 1o'6L C
@ 5,a,1 rad le
o CrrC h) . lo hL+t +19,+3s'l

Prepared by B/VSS Shqnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Pase: 51
For admin related queries: support@ohmi [Link]
 CONTKOL SYS-TEMS
Chopb." 3: Fr<1,.ren c,3 Re,a per"l*e [Link]*f,r
Lecltrre 231 l>otq,y Phta [coo+A...]

Polr lzLoba [Link] Qt^[Link],c FoEf,wzt L

c^5
F [Link]) ' t" (i fi"r*(a)" , fu'f >o
"l
[Link] f fvon, y44pa erd,1 b)
Iirn = LLo'
G{jc,r) o{\"1 li-
G)-tO
GC1.,:1
c.r)+o
Poto-"y pt b of bvo-r1f-<, &r-r c-[',rr ea [Link]:nsn b€'t,,il^'"
5;t
oJ"o
.* Rc

.** q)3 $, G(j6',) =

fu
Th. ?Lvloyal *hapt o! pob" pGt ia thc Aaryne fier bot-r, the q-dtrdo-aped
caAe Co< 1 o4no| ove/r [Link] 1ffi">
Cz) Q(jo) = t-1 (i 3^t *(A)' :,,:t:l:;i.:e8.,

[Link]

Ltrn
61->,o

Po\qr, Plo b f-,st 1r*-,,.orrr t Loe

the tra,r6pr"b -jdT
E , GCj,^r) = e
cocirr-i gnc^:7
Csln be crcritbern o,e, t](ito) = 1/
Sinca ttnc [Link] o$ GC jor) i,r aJ.^.rc^"g"( ta+\il! [Link] +lne [Link] o-,3t.
[Link] r'(* Lineo"\ c*.fth G , tllc ptrh', pbb of the ho,n,aprrt lo? &a trrnit
civcle. lEm

Prepared by 8ruSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 6O
For admin related queries: support@oh mi [Link]
 Gerne^rat ghape* oS potanr pGbA f-enr 1*oa o, l,z ay*hWrx

" Re-

*a /kd*te^n
TP"

Exe-rcrac Pvobt+rm,n [+- S]uden] Pto.,[Link]

Dvcr.s the Po\o,r Pt,of et,
(o) G(A). l- b) GCa)=
( cc) G(,,,). .tL rdr G(r: = ,E3
*
,snl e,o flne po.$eln .sS ptof*.
<.,oi-.o.f {
Soqy obAtavo,t
Dvo.^,r ilne Po\o^rv pLol o$ a Tvs^n,Aft-, f-^rrrrhon Gcrr) . 1*]?I
1+j c..lo'T
tq) a>I
lit (
f"*LY'' [b) a <L
';
Dto.^s tlnc Pot p,r, "t cs^tye^
'-' -' '*7*h<".
0
havcng Gca) ' ;ffi; ,"""
U.6 pr.?*Ct tqbte lF:rr M <>t,[Link] cS {--' (-l= o, 2-,5,8,Lo)LL,fg ho,aoo!}coo

Co.) G Crr) = z+j + -2+j 4",';, lc)

cb) Gta)= G(^) -- -2 -5+
\-/- 1, 'i:rr.'.i rf GCa)= -;-L,,,,
(d) G(,r) = z-5+ ,,'ce),,.Q(a)=
-A+jr
c3) ccc^) : (h) G(a)= r
F
:#-
-.r-J - A_iL
Ana\!q4
O co> G3.43" cb 116.56" cc) z.43,/+3" d) - €lv. 43"cor) zq(o. 56o
c$ ) - 15a.43' [!) _zo 6.56"
ce.)
- 26, 56o [b z.G.56"

Prepared by BN55 Shonksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co ntro [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 6+
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 CONTRo r_ Sy SrE M S
ChOf he^,
-a: Fv<a,.^e-,.,.1 Re,[Link],,te AnotXArfX
L e<Il-r-n"g 2 { o& 25 'o [Link] t- S babd{i 6
x Ng1.^ixf Sta,[C6q c]rtte"{[err"r [Link] of the toota o,$ ttre
the bccot;ett
cl".Orvo.c+errfAkic ery+o.f;wr 'lo the fregut-rt1 :.+Psr,Ae of Orrl op%-boop
8l* berrn.

)r Nl3g.t^[Link] ,gbabiG[ crri.l-t rf .:'n U bqxed sn o flne,rreryrr o$ C,o-rpttx Vo..rtoUtl

r,
drre +o Cc,.,-rchg, Crlnnmt=n\ knu.r6 q6 Prinuyctc o$ O..[Link]
\J
t.
* L<* n[a) e (A-a) (^-v2.) - - - thtn, .
,

\ 1.c^)l - lt'g-z')l l[s-z')l'

,$ p\o,ne ju [Link] P\o-.e

..t.'
I<*i f""oll.^r

x U the"re €d b7 tt're ,t - pkue

C-^"[Link],

e"ri o Z-.
Xin
cloq<.[Link]- dCrectt
( P-z) t^"ne,s i,m
o$ qrr?t^rrernt".
N qq uiAb Sbobf tib.r cr( t-{., feno '"
qrrr,Antd+,r o e^sy,.tv€r\ X.6xhc,wr -(l"rrc'\^rn ,a Fi7.
Rts)
* clra,[Link]^rf,sH.c e? L J-+ GC*)llCA) = o
* Po[e-u o$ l+GCA)HC^) crr{e Aa/,y\r o\.$

potrs of G C,'.t H(^) LoLT Fl

x 1elA, o{ t + G CA) H tA) [Link] A 4ryvre a+ po\++ o$ TC^) Lcurfl
* Fe, CL Bt6,StOvn to bt *ta,lo[e, ?e,rd\ o$ I-t GCrf Htal Ahs^Jol loe t, LHP.

Prepared by BNSS Shanksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co [Link] m i nstitute@gma i Lcom Page: GL
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Sbqt"em6^t :
If the cr€F^t€r\r.r.r G* o! the oPh-Urop tva,,4a{<,., f{-,,\&€n G(*l H(A) [Link]-
[Link] to tlne Nr63,tU*l [Link]"r ,ra +nt ,f -ptO-e e^^civcl<4 flae P$int (-t+5o1
d
to -tlne cCU3 dixe-ef^g,rr [Link] rn,orr..^a tirnc-! o.f +ht nr-rvrrlae."r of ttXhf hA!(r
A-plo'ne potar, of GC*)Hc,t), fu cLd\d-h'cp *7*fr,rr fa Abqlol.e.
In the c,wrrnno^\ [Link] caae of +lnt op€,'FLoop abqLte *;Xbe'v"r, the
C,[Link]-Lsog r=.6rbom f,l sfolcte f$ +r,e c,s'^.ie^^!l Gn of GC,a) H(,r) dotg rl,ct
erncirde (-l+jo) prsinh't'-g fhe tqj' €'ncirct€m€rrl dA iero'
i' - p\orne
"t.^r
f- Clev\Fer^,1
li*qH
:-->
'(}

trllnt^i,f t" .C,cn^t

cr..^- {''er, r-^f P\ ,r.}'u:"^\d
{. r,\ [Link] *t
ja
z. [Link]
C,
3. r4q{,p\lt

+. $4qpp..lr3 f -r 9 or.d
-3oo +o oo {.o +loo,

@ The oLTF ,A^t

h.\.trRtl,rt
1! Ccn^,r}vt^tl lrJXq.t^iAf pfot $era $[Link] c,grrufycrt *74ry cr:hrfre oLTF t,

Xivan bx GLal HcA)r ,iG)

O SktlcJn ihe Nta,^iaF Pf,ot $rr +he A\eAbe-n deX.c"ibeol b?

Gc*; H [,r)=. {.a5 CA+'l) [Link]^^yne,n| e^n XtaloiLiQ.

Fo.s)Cs- z)
D..crlc +tre N.l1wiab pLot fw +fre C,s\...*v€r\ ,r?AF{rff, hryf^?
qLA) Htt) = A+ o'a5 ccrrrntn\ t:n xbo.t"td[.
C'a+ 1) [ A+
o' 5)
'*
Prepared by BIV55 Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 63
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 checl< the Abqbltih o+ *?Abe/ffvr c-,[Link] NSauiah pLofl [Link] Al^.,sl^ra'
.-r fr 3.
q,x) (b)

",)-="*
uc-*-!O ,/.,O={i RT
(*

^;

c9r?

Gr=+oo
-'*-.....-r--"*"*'+-
trsc-6g, Rg

'' t,:

:t@
Arr-f uce"r4 a.)aart ;.ta.:,:.:.,:;:a:a.:

o C L A1,rbe*a l,r ,gP...b\e {€r l( > r-

@ bot\ oL A CL ,4n{Al-€{n,A
J
olrre u.^dhoLbte
o C L ,^iA| '" q,r.{}cbte
o C L &JAF '. uTltalte'L?2,2)
!Z = zl
-. r:r..-:..:t.;::::::a::':::'t-..1::,::..:':i:a:' :r: jl:l:;:a:,:.;.:t:::..' .:r:!:at ?::.:11:.a

,.6fi ,r,;,::,.,::.,r,t,:',;,.:,:,;;=;,;;:.1i|,1,r,*
Iq) Sbalole Shrble
cb) sbq$te r^rntleLLe
[c) t-rrnaberlote Sb^tte

-x

Prepared by 8N55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For contro! systems related q ueries: co ntro ls. o h m nstitute@gma i [Link] m i
Page: G4
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 CONTRO T SY sTEr.4S
Chapbe.r 3 "" Fv<2r-e-rc-1 Re+penr1,tg Arta!*i*
gg6-fr-ure -zb a,y\d z7 z Go-i:*!.::jJjr=_%gjk}*g'J2?rJ.b.=:
%

x U*f^g NlXlu-^,et *boJcil,ib c^re co,rr

7e.t.,
{ AbxcJuJ-e ,*t-be Li I o^.a!*i*
* [Link] .sto,bfl,t[ orno\#^

ll f$ flne po\o^r PtoL ?.),r cfdlt4 nD (-J-+jo) po'inb, ++.le x;xbero t<"^A'lot',oo''rd-r.
.
un*f I t |lt.l-
o.\l r t^
U
.

o
:l
/. ,.

.. trt *,#',,.1qch, bX <,c}r;ch *. ;,ub<+n ?^irr corrr be "[Link]

: o [Link]-
^, bqbiLih'
1a, d-,eve it lo +it v€4(te o$ Ln.*
--':
o''"5tt dLG(jto)H(i'^r)
x tn tlte ohovt $i2, ib r-3 A€4n+V.o-h G,ic\)=6,., t|'\e- tz}^o"'se
j,r_r_3oo <e,',.d lGcj.-.111cj,,")l : gl-. if ttre ?dr,.r$the x.6*[Link] (aialcaeaxed
6*tt jo) P.'int'
b? o $actor Lla, the,n Gcf'^:)Htj'o) pLot^t'oiJl.
l.:: :]"1
d-rivir? +l^e x6xte,rrr icthe ve'v7e oJ f-*ro'bCli['
-rhore$o'e,

"Qo,in MG4?ir'rn^*a be de{inq6l a.-!5 +he reCiproqal of *l're ?do o'f fhe
lxex.^t n-6 o.i c^rhlch +he foae _a^t::.?:*t'" - 18oo
'
The $re1r^rt-^cj c11. c^:l...qr GcjG)Hti-)= - f Bd f,r kncst c n q./ "ph,a,ee
crY CIA ove., f-e4a^e-to1".

= - zol,"31 S cjc,o) Hrfar:l *-- _F"

G cj.-)Hcj-) I
C^ta

Pho.,f e [Link] ? Tht e*'ur o,,r c.:Iri.h lGCjo)Htjtill= 1 fa coUed

fve,4]
tlne"Xo.i'r qJ"{6f,[Link] t".Aun-1'l At *fei,s $vc1ue,rro3,+tne p}'arre oalte t* a,,ol
f.D (-L8o"+O). If qrrr [Link],:"^c^t -phaae b? U. Lnhoduced q.f ttre

Prepared by BA/SS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 65
For admin related queries: support@ohm [Link]
 ?dn G{dAovt r fYeg '.enn1, {lre ,l^a*e o,lte lgasnne -18oor c,shile {.tne rnea J+Ld!
T€-vr^o-in* ,.$.th. -Tht GCi..c1 l-ltjc,s) pl,ot osiJ.t the,rr pa-1r\ flovot^211 [-1.+jo)
pcrint. Tr-i,r- odditi,s-,at pho*e lo2 C* knsr^rn c.a 1:[Link] D'l*r3fn"'

t go"+ / G ti,,$)t{ (iGo)

[Link]. Mo,r3in = I
Cd-'
c

{ Gnf a,^a Pm cure $v"a,*",.rt\ urged f*, Fr"g,,^.-t? Y€s>pen^r, e Apecrifi'coff.:rn3

q de*iX^+,t A.
* 6 voy; t*?" G l4 q,-.0,/err lrri" fna L.a;co.l'e+ s v{^X .sto'-bte +e€dbAcr(
Alxtum b,af u,^'t-.aU1 o* o. ve"r1 *tt^33i,ah t=ne.
!t Xq$A+qc}or\d [Link].-rte, 1fie phaxe ,mo*r?in *l',rsn^td be be;-,^se,orr
F,s^r

3o' o.-d 66o, o..r^d the ,eho,^l.d loe Tveoberr ++t^,t 6dB
?oitl ",or$en
x F,$r [Link] -r1:bom: olc)63c
t-rrrr3|[Link] ATXbevn i *p. { t?.
r,[Link];*t\ ,atc$L€ , tt. = ?"
* The 2o;n ",^o*v3in of o ftrAb- effde"r gY Aec,s4d -qd+-/ .%d5f *-, ,3 L"ff"Sfe
Stnce the p,cLo.'r pLot,l $:rr -tuc'lr ^?^tr.v').\ dov1ob crYetl -v'e- r<o.J axf1"
* Grt Pn cs'r,c€.pba
Grl [Link]^d Pm 9q"@ql-a t oppLigJote
orre appLicoS lg fe' or?n- L"op xtatle
fer oyqn--L"op xtatle A?ab{4lq
*^dab{,r { €r..
*.
,.
Ccrrret-a}irn^
;-#ffi;:,
b€iul-€en tffi:i:a-ra 1;" 1,;;.t:''::t'-'
.i:lii.,;.,,::,:,t;.;.,

Cxn"rrridc^r a 't^.r'rritt
Fg -end+-r l>1qt9n c,oit\r q)t-T F,
GC*) l{ ca) -
o.l X oJn
'ttnt-rr C^)e CA^/t

The pha,r'e.
*e.
Pt't.

= t._. [.?

ll ! -(, o,a, a lqor{en^ebh :ood lrinrs^,, [Link] {c" 5- prf [Link]'st"ahip

ia 1ivc",, b.1 1= [Link]-XCfnn,-ae2)

Prepared by BNSS Shonkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: G6
For admin related queries: support@ohm i [Link]
 bLMf [, &" *+,^ot err^f Pvcr cHce]
Exe., c^"Ae J"o
or* o. cl^i <d - G oP .*.6,*te,ne oci+h +he t'otlt:nc\ ope,rr-kop bvoaa*f<^,
O-^r"d clC+t", K=z ,[Link] ?
Gca)HtA)
xC*+ 'l) Cz ,r+{ )
=

F;^ot *he crritlco'l [Link] oT ?d. K ftrl .sbaJoiG! g"a N??*'i^f

,* bqh CtiE org 1uL en,
Pq,F4./rnine *he cr./fticoJ voJlre of K f€'r stejcf U1 bU qae o$ Jhe \1*ixt
*bqbi UE c"ri tqi e^.r +erv 'fine *Txtetrn,gl"\.,x,sn [Link]^J .

The cf LT F ! q $eed lcq ck cs..t-vcA *r,[Link] t* -tL-'/r 'L-'/ x[a+r) (^"**+ l)

o
pi-d llne ve-,[Link] sn K te". z"toJci(.iE. F'.^,\ol {-lfg Val".^€- o$
o4 K
R 4en tlre
fer ttne
At8t'tro to have o. ?q" ",.'a"'3tn of 3 d6' c'sith ++riA [Link] of K)
$i..d +"e. pl-la,fe cJv6\Aovt^ $re9t'rt'nc'r q"^d P}'ate [Link] ia.
@ SK$crr fhe NXg,t^i*b ptst f.0., o ,* iE $e-a [Link] ,\<d^ts\n [[Link] or-TF

, ,,
*Ct+filr,fjl+ La) (t+ 3a-) ,,,i""-r1ii
,

(o) ps5e4 rnine tlne lo\r^te Ot

(b) F ihd pl-eae C-f ,Slt OVe^,

Fs' fUB Q tr-rbaLte

C t) AboJc

L2> K= 1-

t3) : K(. o.9T i k= o" 611 +*r Gr4= 3 dB

porr ,gbo,,bte
*p.= o.91vo.d/A ; Pnn-2a.5o
(+) (6) K < o.5 tb) -p. = + vod /s
tt '/
'lr .-

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: c1
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 CONTROL SY 5TEM5
C l"\Ap b+4 2 Fv entrevr c1 ReA p erylA e A nafu.+fa
-4
Leclurre - zg: BoOF pt^t4

Bode, [Link] Ctr) l,oga^rf+lrni9 pLo ia :

A fbod;_ L;e-1vo,*, Csra,rrfxha of furo Xrufba i or s f,s a f["b of the Uoga"*hrn
of +he rnclt?^ihd€ of o. r-inu,t.(dcJ frarnalt r {.r-., *;o.t ; the o the"r f,{ &
pLcb o{- +d [Link] aqte; both aa.e plofteot ofloin*L +he f:rgt^t-c^6 J^
[,,c6 arvtthrnUc *crrle"
l4eriba o$ Rode pfob*:
* l,[Link](Coti.s,n of rnagnih^dqA Co^1 be C'o'nvo\.h€'d hnto o'ddf Hentr'
* lY CA bs,t*d .,, [.rne o*jtnpLofef c\'d <at 6' iva'*l'
^br^i3f"r
r^ E^p<:..n66[it fie t"n^:-f"t9'-^o^.1 ,*t e ,\ vtr[ oJlva^"^'f$"t^$
J lSlpr,rirne^^.hcl d+e"rrninali enn oS t-ro,"nxf<* f,.-nctienn .,f /rfmpLe Fvs",
F en*t"""A- t*P'sn,tt [Link]."

X fr\ [Link]+rw(c y<-fyeAe^^ioE o'',, flne c,[Link]<A o*e dYq^on on Xomi lrc7 PryOr, *;
fuht [Link]. hs--f\e7t{t^o? c\rr.d t'he [,.neory7"c-o,te lry ef+htr [Link] Cb,^f*
L decribel) er Pho*e a (L" deXrc+l-.
Tl're bar.'c to,c-tr:14 fl'o."F ,."I f1eor*t-H? oc-cqJY t-, or orr)"t*\ b:ror"op"

*t
Mg -ve dB.
0

If c\ nuryhben &r''keo,Ae$ bY o $qcf''sr o$ 16 fhe cle,ry€spt+ndh d,ecibd

vqlrre Lure4Aer bB o $crctev o$ zo.
Fx'. zoto?(xxldl = zoLoSK+z-oxn
zo Lo3 K = -e-ot^c; {-
I"rbe^r.l o,^.\o\ [Link] $-octey+ LC
j->+1] : The Uogo*rt'+hrnie rnaqxit-rde
mij-)T dec{bcl,s f*
-d
ro toXl#l = -2o L.o7 r,o dB

Prepared by BNSS shqnkor, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: controls. o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page:
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Tht pkae- o^3te o{tt/j,,r) C,r, [Link]^^.+ s"n ,J,s
-id.^
+ fn Bode dfaqva,",a, $:<nt*€"nt [Link]! o,r€ e*pve*fed l" ft"rrna of decodef
(er) orlqwt+. An [Link] L o $r+gt^e^aj ba^^ol Svennr dt fo a-,t , t^rhtae
*l d* frg.^*crX vat^re. A dec-qde fr, a fiu?u*cU borncl Fv,s,.,1 f,0{ +o
"^J
1o 6t.
,l If t}re h? *2n(t'.^ote of -z-oLogoc dB f,r pLotl-td o.2oinat oc <rn a LsSo+ffhru
xcd<., fb f,r o. ,rLvaiXh* ,rsith q aLope o{ -zo dBldecade Corr-6 dB/oc}q'l€.
* SfF\iL^,yb, *A;1t^de o$ jc.,o t^ decibel4 L
tl." t,oa
r-o Uc3 lj -l = zo Lo7 t^r dc
T1rc plTa,re arlte oF ic,c J,r. c,^lbo^t- "-q eXuot to 9o'' 1te toa -^^a6^;{utr
C{^rVe d* o ,[Link]} tine c,.rfth g1 *lnpt of + ?-o dR/dggc^d€ (sy)

-t- Gd f5 | [Link]'
B,cd<- pUoha f'st'' ?j t's o'nd j<.r [Link] 4I't^:r^gn bd.^.:r^::
dB
1--
2-O Ll ja ' jt->
,, ( fazo dB / dec
o ;-?-odBlde'c I
I

-10 lr\ -2-O

, ', 'i.
o.l o,

-1o"

O,'l

the $o,ct\ey tll j"of cs,-:C j-f, +he Lo3

[Link]^d e bec,srtr c4, vc*$pe tt^"elrj

e-ots3\ -2-onLoXcn dB kr) e-o [Link] ) e-ont"3-

ds .
#"\=
ihqr mon44 , *bPc+ o$ rvtaXnil-'.,.de C^ll\VAA clre -AOXn dg/dec (.3r)
+e-o xn dgld ec \{-LPec,Kv{.
)F 'the pha,se o.,n1Le "S CS.)" ix - 1 o'x.n c^^^d +-* Cj *f .L + q oo y v\ ov trr,
t!*_ e,,^.if ve $, e1r^*-ul ya.F:e.
Fr.v,f t Ovcle-r Soct?x ". -ftre *E t^o?t t1-,..^,d+ of *he {tvAf'*,Svd*., {.<rc}*' t
Gcj*1 = tr z.t 3l;fu;l= -z'3t-3lr"Zffia dB
*-,
Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.t.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: controls.o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 61
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
rI Fr-r is,o-fye?trtvraics, *a.+,
-zo;"g{Gpr.+ -z-oL1 i= g dg
Ferv H?h- $rg,^o"ci.+ -rr+, _ zot,oT ffiFf" * -zobScoT dB
Tho-r f€rr o(. t^r<th [Link]}r*de PL.b 1 a Ahyar'3h,l.
ho{o.,r-S, {int of
w*trrr;lt-de c) d U o/r,'.d, +*r -I <6,1 1A, *?nifi,-4e pfoh t'l c^ xbto.5*"*

tine f^ovir.6 ct,LLope's$ -z-o dB/ dec csr) - a dB/oct'

The Fv"g.^"-t q,t- uohuicA the t-co or?nnplole+ rnse,F fx called the
-1
" C-srnerv tveg,r.+""r"7 (eil) br+al< f've1t^e,,c3", *. Pr€,rt/ J* cal'e fF tr C^l! T- .

,t The t>\[Link] pha*e orn3te cF of tt"'e {q'c}t=r €- t

*;+
$ = - boanrcrrT.
Ab z€^ro fvtTtr+"at1, S =o I At- C^wnt"r fr Q7,^e..I , !D= - 45o o,n^d o"f Lfi'ru\
+= -lc>'.
M LF a;ryn1hle
o,1 :,'19
T # T
Ex<rct/
($re HF
-9.O
o4rnpi.).e

oo
Exe..t c*;,Le,
-45"

-1o'

c,enhty {-eq,.^t-c1 f -1dB(Ttu'ox) a,r.d o.r- ahe de(ode bels,oev

[Link] t}€ c,srrne," f-re4uo^.rg f-r. -o.o4-dB. Evt,ev g wraxfon.^-., al c^wne,v

$r*+,^.^^a o,,^,^d I n" -3 dB.

rt -T1ne t"X -rw,aXnitrrde ar,^d pha,ae o,n3le arlv4-g need q be ctral<'d L
*?".', *,(><a, F*v' Gcjc^r)= Cl+j*T). 9inc-s,
'*o bt
lt- -,5*rl = -aoL"?l 1;51-l
1-n j6T to^frltaT
- =
'Tlne cJeilF\ex ,h ,[Link] fi:rr both caaeA.
$r.+*s"r \

Prepared by ENSS shonkor, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM rnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gma [Link] Page: 7o
For admin related queries: support@ohmi [Link]
x Tht xhcpe o$ *he h?h freX,.rool o*7 r,^pt"fe of [l+jcor) c
trt 2-o dg/decr
o,rrd tfre pho.,te orqte Vorr f<g fr *"n O" +o g O"
M dB

{o
Exoc.t Cr'r^Na-
zo
o
Lr o,lnqtol-e
(,
lo/t
o dg
9o"
Ax7rry: iofe
45"
€'rq+.^-rie-

tuso+"@tEgie*=*t
(J) ptrb {+*,,..'*;. ftll.x,-rLy Urq-i+<^, trr-., c,h e,^*. co*lc-\ La"Fe
Dvo.r,c Bodc. rhe
?
d^ "-4 pl"[Link] y13\e qh q.?-=l o.1 vo.a 1*","6 co r 1oo yad /A -

cq) Gc,r) : rb) Gcat = roo x,*

S
(2) Dto..,,,c Bod,e pt"b {.}, GC.:) = *tr6r- - FCno +he q"^d

e [Link] o..l- c^ra I

tni+.^at
to) o,r*drnPtotrc [Link]$,.eno
phl,f + ,j/,r
o,rnd *,lit
o'^d tb) Exoc; cs'lc-"rt'o'tiern"
C3) csn^id€^, o. 5, o,-,,rf*^ f.^[Link] en , G (*) = t o Ll '+ o'1L1. ,tr^t q AJ.1:*"1,c
opP"r61ie61\,ielrr, Find tlre (t"r Og) o.,J p!*Ae o".gle C",^, da,) at
Bd"
Li5 = Itcoct"ro.d /4.
Anttn e^rA

(f) CcU go dB o..d-4o dB tb) o dB o,"J llo dB

(rl (a) M= l+o dr5 o* co-- I v*d /,r o,nel 34 dB g.,t. cs= 4 vod/s
g=-4o.5" o.-k c^r: L xud7,r q^..d -4q.5o o"f c,r= 4 y*d/A
tlc,) M = Bl dB o.| t^t: L r,*tls o,yJ 33 d.g o.f c,o= 4.. r"d.l*
$= -16.5L" o"f ur= L v*d/s o'4^d *63.43' ..t' u3: 4 t.^ol/s
t3) 6,odB o,,"d ioo
x_
Prepared by 8N55 shonkor, [Link] (llrK), M.r.E oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link]
Page: 1L
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 coNTKo L 3Y STEms
Cho{, bW 4: Fr<?'.remt Re*;cerrrAe A'.o
bnrx
[Link]-L1 &3o'o B'cDt pl,ot*
[4o .lo Pto ba fst Q.^oOva*,'c $o...t=nr x:
:---
GCs). = *l c-rr.,a+ c^r'r-r =) GCjtol= t+ z! j*"*tr
*+ z! af
F I )1, [Link] c-o,'r tae e-xpefiAed a.+ o produc-F oi tt-oo frv,rl--'srde,v
;.
to\ct€./A, c^:i th r,[Link] pot+5.
,iF I <t: zoL^o3tGrjr,sll=. -zo*:
F.=r t,c .o &<a,^enci<-9, 6((on, S%
zoLsXlgq.,::\ rr - o dB i.e, LF o,*'6r*f fi"F. .! a o d,e
-zoLs3l
hfrrc?ernbo.I tine.
F..r hi?h frtat^c^4ci t-9, Cr.:>) 6r., . J{o<,'t
L

:-o LoS l q ci .,o)l i.e., t-)F axy" Ft'ot^e

= -2-oLo3S- =- -4-oLlcaA drsvr

f,s - ,rt-r*2l-.t linq havirE ttre ,sUope of - 40 dBldec (oo - 1z drs /ocr"
;t C,rrns. heau-t",.1 t'.rs, +r-il !.1!1l, i^3""
,r phcxe o"^..3le, $: bo;rlrel, h1b;+ff:z o, d
= Oo, 6| c-9vntr
'1l :'
;N';,,';:,t, :' : :
-t1

{ven,^n^-6, the p}'.o.,le o.-1te \ -9oo r d" q, A b c.r= oo, 6e * I Bo".

r"r $dg

CJ-)
an

[Link]
lGci-lL^.t
- 4,o ar5 l dec

ss
6n
-9o
AA"jrnptol-e
-1 Exqcl

Prepared by BNSS shonkor, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: co ntro ls. oh m i nstitute@gma i [Link]
Page: 72_
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 R<-L o.h.:n"t*!^ri p_hrc *?*b.-r,hp. - r-a?^Jtt-^olt cr,rrrve I
ghr:nsn
"^13,
c€nride,., q. ,rq .Lb e,w,r :be-|.-s:,*l
d
(Tba+4) " "
Rcr) cc8) GC+1- KCTqA-r{)
,f (rrB+t) tAa+1).".
The Ep" o! {dr- .*Xxbcma d<le"rrnin*+ tie xlope o$ the t"3-nno.2nifi,ude
Crrsr V€ ql.! t vr,l $rrea,^t ., 5 r<n i 'srn "

Cl) Sbatic pcj-iHt:,r.r [Link] C,srn,aLovr{(Kp):

In r5pt=-o x1.*berm, [Link]'sJ c Kp
-zodrSlde.c
Z rcts3Ka
+l^Al- tn<-O*nA ts$."o +"r<+tr{"""1 q*Xrnf{''oFe
-4o dB ldec t* zoL,ogkp drs

Cz) Shc.t c Velrs Li 5 trrYs [Link]).aL q/nt C Ku) ".

tt Init^ or .+Lope 6b qPt- f *.X xborn
; m pl^b f+ - zo dB/dec.
In q pe - 1 x3,+t-<,wr, {.v, oo << 1,
Gcj"')= Ig ':
'=
ht.,c-e zoLs1i&f
,rFL=n 2-oLo3Ko

o.,'d
l+\ -: r ,*{xoEl
t
3
t+: tc5
=
c'1, L

va -the t-*u.^!r93,,, RL,l# l-rtx*or",.J oot-fhl-e (e"r ila

',.,*lne !4f
e4Ah.l",11;q.,) L",.tt^,rfecta the O-dB tjne .,A Q{'.--o.t l-o ,^d-tl-W f""
C3) [Link]. [Link]-tsr qtien exr€rr C,sp,Etc^rnb (ko) :
r

)t Lnit, af ,sLope o$ h p"- , *.1*born I"1 - +o d Ia/dec

tlo M pL"t fr, -+o dBldec. 6tr dBl dec
-
* T.n Qpe - z *1xtruovo, {-sl to 1< L zodBJdec
K". -
Qcico 1=
( j.,c) -
)t hoa ce :-o Uo3 rKq\-
I :-oLo3 l<",
\c j
-)'t O,,,rd Kq \=t
=r

* -[lrt. tr"a.^e.'.rLe * [Link] tq\.r $-re1,.-t"nr,1 O,*n6mgiol-e C,sn fba e-r,r+<-4$

t-I<-r,gec-ts tlne O-dS line f,s eX.-^or t.o *7*h\ ?dn"
Prepared by ENSS shqnkar, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link]
Page: 73
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 Fxerrc^xe Pnoble*r* [Ss, S*^ae,t_ Rc^ct'c.]
C 1) Tht $<.a6 fe"r t c q., d tv q-r*,f<^r &^mc-Uon o$ e, .-r.",.,i\ Feedba*,
-------:__ \^r,
da Gc*)= K . -The 2dr r'^oa2fn o$ +he [Link]*'n
Ca+ z) Ca+ 4) (.c-+ 5l
& t-,srr--r'O -l-o lcle z-odf3 c.:he-tK=do'
+he uu|1 rro^"'3ia"
l{ tlat ? il., L i',) cI es+ed I o 2-oo +ht"\ ft}'d ?

C2) Dto..pc Bode ddlvarna {o- trre forlo..cirT bvo,"r,tf.-r f.1-,o.,C,,s-r"

Gca;' s [1+ *t
to) F&^d fhc *t +1^d. e o..F b.r eoJr f-"r<a.+r,n 1 *^i ^t oxTrnp lot^ e
^i
o.?PYoxt r'raf; e^4.
tb) F.r,a the m^?* h^d+ o-l- b"ye-o.K F g.^e^na tl.-T €xcuc,{- [Link]^^J-ot:€?..
Cc,l Ft^^d t'lre" phaxe o,ql.e h hth h<1,^[Link] v<g f er'r"
C3) R<.p<-o.r qz- t t)f Ho G C,:) = s [1+ o.5A]
C4) trt^d tt-'t brcun,t&^r [Link],bo., of 1+"re \-st-rrrr coh^$e Bcde r"o2nit -sre
pl,sh B xh^:.-rn bd,:,.r.

o
(5) F. d *tnt t-v q,n4{<- {..-..^ ch ,yn of +he 2..J-tt-e4.1 t cl'rSLe Bqds
hM^?^i+t^d€
ptot E ,Alts-cn }cotsu:,o-[lo {r^O [Link]*de ot- c^re{o vc^d/.q.
d.B. |ii:i:,#',r,. lffi,
zad ,l*'9c'

zo d6ldec

[Link]- o.,l

A narserrg

tl) 6. oz d 6 cL) (o) ?-o de cb) a3dB Cc) 0"

(3) (o)l4ds (b)lTds Cc ) 1o'

G) G( a)= '1+1o* ({'+e,r,r) Cl+x)

Cf) G(4) e
'l+ o"tA (t+tor) (f + o.u-A ; :-8 dB

-x
Prepared by BruSs shqnksr, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related q ueries: co ntro ls. oh m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 14 -
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 C ON-I-RoL SYSTE I\4 3
a h*{,la, 4 '. Fr e+.^e. Rexp ena e a,^a\x,,*
t
Lecl-qrre - S 1.

mi*,gm :LH}=g M Jk eY,a [Link]^A "-

* Ttq,nr$c,, f ,.r,'rcu t^^-rffiU tht vi31".r-
l",[Link] A-p\a,ne o\,r€ r^inirn,.rr-, ph,o.r'e [Link]*q {*^-.tien^$.
)&. Trqnng&., T,r-,ofis'^.s t'\c^rvr^A pot+r o.,..d/sr Zear6 on +r"e ri2h.r-I-,".t(r
%- p\o,r.e qrre lretrrrninirnL^/y-n p}*[Link] [vom*$<a &[Link].t.
)i Tro.n*fq f*-d[en^+ [Link]^, q. pot+-Et ro potte"rn <,ol"uich frrt q^hA-rn"h.'"
aloor l the,.rnoXtnaxl o,xfrl i.€, [Link] exervl pole 'vn'+rrre t+Jf,t ho{r pto-t,
ttttrve i,f o E,+,yo t^ the Yt\ir.r€fi-trrnafte p6,if,enn, Sqch ,9?Abt/rn\ [Link]
[Link].,cn ous O-ll- Po^A,*..6-fbVr.r.B,.
jco j c^r

--lT\ -A -L i€
T1 7
wdn - p haxe
,,
I-e^r o. [Link]+rvr- *^7xbornf, l{.t p}ro".rt a^3le q..t, cr.)[Link] becerynta

-ld C 1-p) b.^r Cb [Link] e^r,y fr en-., - q o"C 9. - P) {-:," r\rsr}1-lrl{'n Ph^*€
Y

o$ (}..l- cr)=oo g
x

it h15n- bniyritryrtrry\^ pha,te. ,*^trxte'mL c,,,re ,gtcn^r La Y{+Pen,\e }oec<r^^at o$

+tne-i.r $o,rr\11 bel'[Link]. orf flnt .abadt of Y<[Link].
)t tr)13rn-v,niruimlrrn [Link]*e ,q|+rrqt( €r.S rrs^1 o'.r(.se Ln +r,co df 4$Wsnt t*laA.S.
One. J,r r^rherr o' ,^i .gb%4 L4cf^^de$ o, n^in -rn'i^i mq4t pha* e e,ttm errt Uhe
br o^,tpe" L t^? o,^^d -l{,,..e ,stherig tsht-+tne [Link]*ry Loop t r.^rt*bqble"
*T
-l:-\ o,mAprsryt to^q : Q Cjc,o) = ;J
M=- ?-o b? \ gcioo:\ = o dB el*,ccr16.
:-o\,.rg 1- =
$= Etit^:') = -GrT Cvad) = - c,rIxS?.j dq"
-rhr. ptuAe q,n3te Vq"rier' Un<o"v\ r^rtth 6.

Prepared by ENSS shqnkor, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i Lcom
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
e: 15
 Chpr*:J oo
6er"^pe' Aol€.r.g o,^^ol C"[Link]^
x In *he de+i3n *[Link] of o c-rennlveA
--l-%
\*fu, fr,i
",.c,erAa^r;'fp
1gderyi7a
the A2*be"t-r Cb; r^,odfqirt3 ** ,rb'rrthq,re * lry tmc,[Link] addibte.d
deryfc-e+ err csrr-rpone-rba) +o o,Jf,ery flne overroll beMvir:te,rv ,io {-tno.f .11"e
*1xbe^^ t^ritt behave qa d,erdr<d. The pvoc*-[A of oa{ifiq.r &,gurch o.
g'.-itOlole deViC.e t krrsnprf 05 "Crsr'',4p<rv1r5qti,snn"
-- f-rst +le ptrrrpd:e oJ Aci,rfgi,n3
* A devtce. [Link] ',"ntrc tl^te A?Abc.-r +he
Apecr$cl,.tis,^)A Cl' cstld c^ C$,[Link] (elo 6en/lb'yollg,n.
)t C--rm,f^\ t-l,f<d C^grrtPe/r4o,l^enrr q"re .&!'\^;rrtn laelrS-c:
^.5errwA
Se^rieg (rsIr) cAA [Link]. Scn-rpqAd=:,
x' 9fnnpte a qlerrnf .

Feed bq ck tsY) p yg C,ff Oer^,to.b-s.n'.

t_ _

r( Addf t^e'n o{ cpote to the ope,n-lro"p hro^,1*fi- f*^-\,-hsn Mr, +he e$f e+ ,c$
puling fl1q yoot Lrsc]r+ 1o the +, bt-rdf ng +o rraake the *.trXbe^.n relofiv{
trfA ,[Link] q,.^d nc xt'e"^: dsn'on the *eJrUq o$ *g v*apente.
x Addit^e"n o$ c. Z€,vo io the oLTF [Link].5 6u effec| oF P,.^ilr'T tn" Yooht u^a
t'o the \e{L, bc^ndr1 * wraKe +he *^[Link]-t"rrr r^-€rre xbaAte a^^d fu *pe*d,1:
the gdtU^g o$ v*+pq,se.
it In {tetuhA denn'roui. apgoc^6, t+re ho,nrrierrt-y{$p€mA€ Fryflsrrnq"nc€ L
Spe"ifiea t- [Link] of 1+re plra5e rror3in, tqi^ rnorr3trr, t+-$crnq/f+ PQok
[Link]{. (S1 XCve o root& e,lltlr},\a}€ of *he .,u6+tor", da,*rp,.ng)
r* The loin c^,rd6ove,y {.reat*4.,u{, ^r<*ornanl- fr"?u"r% , h,o,Jucidth <^rf,U
tJve a .ro'.rX\ ery$rnate of the *p<e-d o$ bva-a;s'"t v<+pq,"ge o^d +^g
Bbqtie [Link] CJqn^qlro\s*,r.
XfVc_ xteaq - xbcrle q cqqr/aL; .

Prepared by 8A/55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 76
For admin related queries: support@oh mi [Link]
 C^ryr4fdg' o,1v\ e-[ec,[-vstic crruJt- ,^$,r'fn? Ope^/qhernql or4pLi$ea *|r,enoa belr].ol

Vo(,3)

R+ cr g*(E1F;) ,
Vo(.r) JV,..ia [Link] L c, L<od [Link] iS
V; (e1 c. a*(**)
Ks Rr cr ) R*co
X T!^ri,r ntlt^r evk L a [Link] ervk ff R, cr 4 R'rcz
E
Lerd [Link]'.
Lo."d C^srrr prrrr4qrherr hOvi^g o. L'rqm,t$<"y {.r-, .t^ e"l
(ix+rl- l+(1lr) (o4o{<
= [Link] (a'ra+l)= oc t*('lrrr)
G.c,r) - 1)

lL hA,l' c\ ?e,ro* -+ * a Po[e * + c\A Al^u:r^c*r bel-etc t

joc
O= - bq,rir d 6T, ar^d +tr,i,r
bq-,rt-^cT

phnAe o,"1te I rnaxtrnurrvrr ,-.rhe,.,

dS
=o .-:t! Xive
r-
cr.)r'1:
dtc =L
[Link]
I
t The rnaxirnurn \<.ad r& Srn. i.r

JBegs 9t"-L {*,te-qac.s.'- qrnd u=o.1)

14 dB x Le.c-O c$.,^Pe^.tAoJ\sY *{
2.o 1rc,.6.o\ o hiih *p*d
t ttt"..
o x T\re hith '{-9ut"^ci*+
-1o arre Pcruf>
<d ot^f t^:^'"

fxeq,UanU+ o\ rs
-zo rj
o.J/runq o.$r.d.
o

go"

a
o
| Io
TVT 'fio-'
o.1 les
T -r
Prepared by 84155 shqnkor, [Link] (llrK), M.l.E, oHM rnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link]
Page: a7
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 CoNTROL 5Y5TE N4S
ChO+tt^, - 5'" G:[Link]'rA g, csrntrolltrya
Le c-l- t-r"rs - 3 Z

Lo.q Cerrr6pe4*o.t. eno :

r-

L o.2 C,srnPem Ao.}rs'/ ho.r a" t'rq,-,rr{t., +-^-, cti-oro,

-)
G.c*) = K*P Cr*+r) *+(|)
6ffi'r; = r< "'@-r1 ( F> 1)

x In tlne C,e,mpttx pto"ne, o q Clstvtpe4,gat€nr hSt q Z€.rO a.i ,f,:: - 14 o^a

cl. poLe. e^* b=- - ntq, ar} ,shrs*€n b€lrrLr.
* $ = borilc*:T- bo;t F*T, qrr^d +l^i,t
p}-rroAe- orlte & tr,,axtrttrt*r-l <^:he'n
,rciJt lfve (rl,,,e' #-fg
*L=o
rt T\g rro.x.".rwrrrrvn pl^++e t"? L $-= *-,t#l
,. crrt
11+1 I I
=
" I
I l*iP*tJ._ rfl
3

Bod.e- pL"h {=r t"g c,5,y1P€,rtAG.J'\r1'. (4a6qrme Ks= I o,/ngl P'tro)

-l

d6
--:=::: 7o
zo
lo
o ,**"--.** Cr3

6
o"

-10'
o,ol
T J9
T
r\ LoX- i.f bo-*rfcolfl o Lss^J-pq4
Os'/npe,[Link] {+U*". Prcvider'oHaalratirr'2
|ru, hl$ hen^"-ci't*.

Prepared by BN55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.q OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: contro [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] e: a3
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 L o.q - Lecd CRn-r peryr,go.-hnr I
T-vorna{<x fi.^.[Link] sa f-,}' Lc^.2- LQo.d c,$n'Pe'?\to.}t'', i^ ? fve^a b3

G.c..,=Kct#i] [ ^* #. 1 c,chr,,e, > l- o4^or $ rr

L;+"r
.

Tl

* !n ttts l%-Lc-cd [Link] dc*n'26, <-.ce €vg.^r-tt1 c,|r,qr6\eri=p.

x \f,o\e -58,ro pL"t $.:"t lo.? - L-eo'ol Csn r pe,rt^[Link] ( R,n,rrrr'te f = p = I rc o'nd
Tz= 'l oT{) e,r',al^,.-ts:r1 b€.[,:n's'. j c,c
Lesd LtrS
#
Jo 1 o,r -[Link]
T- T, r1
* Bode -pLst ftry 1.l^? - l.t-o-d [Link] Ahlsuln beJr:[Link].
M dB

o
-1o
-.za

o
9o'

oo

-1o"[Link]'l o, ol o.1
-..-*-bGJloo
1o i.:.,:.:#,
rr 'EL =[ rl- Tl
-
ErrnpWbq4 t C.s4cf^r.5rsn4A '.
(1)
-::: L€o.d C,ennnpon,l"[Link] i,f c,snrrn.r^\ r+,L<.d t,3., '.mpr,cv\ BbaLiUE ,',"ong,\.
Leasl. c,[Link]", 1Cefdr, hi.6he. ob" , r-'b rn<.a,nl hr'Xhe+ bo,*duoid.|b.
A Lr^1e bc\""d.^ridtt m{[Link]^g t{6t}to" rsdqdBet\rr Ln X*Un? trrne. H*o, ff
fofrU.r'reApern.&e fg a"-Sv<-d, ttne^a ts,ol cren{Pc/[Link]/trr co^rr be e" [Link]"
Buf L€!-d C€nmpgnAoJUe^n vno.k*+ flne a,.1xt-o.4 rn,sre Aw*.;[Link] fungi,tc
*n'2no\ loeca,u.r,e of ,ac'"eO+e. ',,rr +tae h^2h {"r<1ue*1 [Link].
(2) Lq? c,sn,-rge"rl*[Link], Pt"rrnitS ?*it, qh [,s\,o fireg,*t-u*r, ohicjr
o Fu1f,
[Link] tlne .Bheo"\ -[Link] lDt"rftry rr"[Link] 'reoltrc*4 +lnt
loin o$

Prepared by 8N55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Pag e: ??
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 hi2he- C"rfffcot freg,.^e^nCie+ .8.c cl,r t'c i",,np'love +he ph'a-gt rmo^'v3ia'
A^ bt C^srr'[Link],o r4dlc-cf *re \Xt+r-t ?dn ol- l"ri2he"t F eXt^tlr1c,r{&
f h provid++ o.l*trnucH eno {lw Yrulr(ae
t3) Ll [Link] $q*t \4SP-.t1"g q"\d lood gLqtre [Link]"r,lrot1 o.,ve- dc*ircd,
q t - \€ad c€n^/tP ean:'[Link] tvrc1l.A be e-trpLoX<d'
?
Ex en ci ,r'e [ $g' Sh'd e^ ] F'"' tH t-e]

({ ) The q - t<o.d c,errn Perr,ta}vr }'''o-f a t"q-*S.-, +"-, c5,era

c=,..[*+l H+"1
AlAtrrrne,, T1=LX, K.=1O, d=F'S o".d Ta=5T1. p7aa.o Bode
pL" t o'^d +fr"rl the {-.?,*e- "J r..r hs,,e +l^e p haxe e".n le i O".

4rt-:l-lvt'
(1) l^r*l fr<q.,^"-rc-^1 , I-ri21-, tteXuc-1 [Link]^1 o,,,,.ol o.,F G.:= G- y"ol/s

-x-

Prepared byBNSS Shsnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co ntro ls.o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 80
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 CO NTRO T SYSTEN4 S
C l^*P be"r - 5- : Car6 p e/n,t [Link]:r4 83 Arn fr e [Lor,S
1-sc-l''u,/re - B3i P-f -D CearrtroL

t( 4n aul [Link] Gs!^ivgtterr CormporrcA the achro.l volue 66 -trno

flo^^* al?
r^lith fie vcFgrtrr(-e. .^"f uf, d<}o{naint4 the deryfahs,n, a,r^.d prod.{oel cr
cranl-vci Oi?.rJ tl^\a-l .-,cf-U v<s!.rtc +he dcrvt aH en -1o 1,bro er to .. arr^all
Val,,.re.-n"g inann-4^r Ln t"phicfr the o..[Link]-orna!c. cJs^^irolt€a pvodrec*+ {de
c^gn.l-y.:l #?^6.l t CslJ ed +he " C-nnl-vcrl etciign]
l* Xnd*rabrtof o€n U-r otl+rr r *? be [Link] eot o-L ofo tl,srro al
t . P, op errlionol [Link],rd
2-. 3.nFe7ral c,snfY6llgr'^
3. [Link],-:[Link] - PL^ ,f - rl,rleXral cennlvoltgr,t I P-i]
+. P"opwUend - plr-tA- &_rrivo.tive- c.,[Link]{r4 [ P- D]
5. Propert o'.al - PlrrA- ." htval - ptrrl - &;[Link] c^o,*l-rollt^ra [plil
(. PvopsvUer^d Csrr"l'vel\ [Link] ennl
uCb) ,i [Link]- of the [Link]\-e^/ o""d
--:-ect) il 'tlng a.d1-,.nJinE err^rsv H,,*J
trcb) = Kp ecb: roy) uLs) r l(t
ts)
csherre Kp i* Kr\,rsnrrn EC\A pvolrrxti etlal o{;.
A
Pr o p (5v [f tl^al c-en]vs ll 4,v f: e**e^,.U .IrX o..ry\ o,^..'r ti {-itr tsifi o^{ual-ablr
p

?*.. ::::?:a:t

2, i
:--:-InFeoval
c..sn-ivcrt Qcherrr

*t uj . irt J DecF)
- '-dr r.,) I
o E(sl= S9' E(s)

L€hf^e lr; ia o'otu*to$Le c's"r'tbq,b'

Fqr nr^ro o clualr r) €'nrr en9 *he vol^^ e
qLH Yt'rngdtU ,Abch
t. P-i ccn\L$ $!Uj5,nl +" c,errlvct q cti .Vrr Of p-t c,$^Jv oll c.r rjt de f,ntd af
r-rct) = Krect)4 XI-
'Tlo !'"rt)dF (etY) UCs), E (s.t
kr Lr-
#l
cshe,"e_ K? ,i the pro por [Link] ? d. o,^^d T; L [Link] lne t**? ral bime
-rhe- i",ve^.ne5t'. t\e Lnfenrar birne (re) A ce,ll(d the ve*t) ra..Fe
The r<SeI vc^I-e frS +he nu-rnObe,r o$ Ume* P&r r^inr^,he fl"s}' lhe prolDovLiq
' ha,
po^r r of tht- crsnlrei o cti 'snrr b d,trpli co.}.'ed .

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: ?a
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 ucb)
r, Cl+ T;x) PE o,cti err
,R?
Ti rs
*r(- -, - t-t-t.^h'*,-
t _t
oJr -L
3 . P- D con.}-r.d a c-ti errr: 'Tlne Cl,[Link] o.c,h el.r fis.,

P-U c,s^rvo\l e.r [,s de{-r'ned by qLb) = Kp e(F) + ,1rfa W

ter)
ffi LraKp [l++he d<':tivo'tive Hrne'
Tr,s]
ocherre Kp C,L p'[Link] ?odn o^a I
The d,c-:rivative- [Link] (* +hi tirr,e tc; t^rh,.ich the [Link] q(Herr\ q6fvoanco4
tt^-e e$Se.* o$ tf.e pvoperrU's^AJ aefi,errr' urcb)
-PO act
etr

xsCr+! *) ,'L p acr^sra

pqrdy61.;"ve [Link],s- C/lerrnet r',<+ [Link] [Link] cr:nlvcf\) Co.n [Link],, be

uAe-d al^qrne lcecar^,ge fi€A crsnt-vcil acti.:n & effecfrve *"fu d*",
bvqnrr*,{ert ptaiodl.
q C''qnlroll{x *i+t"' the Csn^abin<d
4- ?LD gTbyo\ o.chq1,,: T1^e eryr,o,lisrr o$
6lctien Lt'r + PD] ia .ftfvc-' b';
*
ucr) = kpecu +
S1t",il
urhen R? ts, p'r"iL"u on4/
db+ KpT, #
T; [a k.?*
tcvr)
#""r=Kp[t
ti "'e o.^^/
#*r"l
Td +a ,Q
Ad.,
d +.:[Link] time. ect) utb)
ii;' ,'l4o qohs,,,
Kf 0+Tr ,g+TiI,b)
Tia

F ff e"ts "f r*.g'o-gd ,e^^vgble Crs.r^tY€A crcti,srn'l 6Y) 4*lht1{'

-- Ptr&.ryn"a.*t
Co) ProP*r!!9..1l actienni. a+ntvottt r PlAmt
qern*'fd,a"r the *.6,t"t-t -
X!^ucn^ln ,r" -f..X,r,ye rsitlf
pro perrtits^^al C,e'nlvotl+n
ccs) l{ KP o,nd t= Li-*eLs) = h'- tr,ytib Alt1l
RCsl TL+1+frt = A+'o l+K\ flP.

Prepared by 8ru55 Shqnkor, M,Tech (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - t-{yderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: ?z
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm [Link]
 C-enn,cl.r.,t*n'.:rnt: [Link] C^sr.,,trerl [Link] c,of! lfve .8Fe!^dt? *he^Je
Q,nrvqyy f'trr ,&t-9 y€-{re"/onc,e. ry c.o"o }oe rtotuc*d ta7 lr,"r*.a *^X Kp.

b) I",i"qtol c^[Link] eno 2nlxt-enat:

u-

CLTF O' +he tudrbon^ xluno5

t
LrY) ftq..^r..
Ot
J*
CCA)
..,:=
RCa)- E:ilffi
He"oCe., E C,r) _ ,gCTg+ l)
RCA) .i S.g. E &, J+te rrr"..it- ,tFep re+p.s?,Ae
[Link]-+1)*K
ca/n \ae ob b dnd , s to [Link]'c"t" :
€gs=
fA"!Ecx): f:. $}i|*l :-o
qY_ndAr.,{$l 1 In*e2vo.l c^tn}r.:l oT the /ryAt-o"n +{^*r,r elf rni"oFr-l tl,re
s.S. E ,- tdt- Y^4P ern*e '1o flne A b eP i^1, .+.

c) Regpe^",ae- E_r*+@[3!"r1t d]1

R (s) t{ Ref e,r e4^ cc { te
c^) D(st g dr3*lur brhre f lp

[Link]-r"rn i1 Rta) -or tlnr brcr^n*fc-r &r'[Link] [Link] CC/r) q^^ol DCt) &
?1"o,
bX
- clry _ L
-ccs)
5Zs) Tx" + B; +\ -1 Dcal
To\E"--r '
The E tr3 q, abep ai,sf*'ban lca r
"f "? ";l*de I
S . B. d^-re Jrs"rXl,,.e
& Xfvan b6 €gs = j3. -g ECA) Cc,r) €gs = -TaKr
The Abesdt-,[Link] e^/yw co^a be v<d-uc*J b7 tnnc^rto.:ri"? *. vatrre o(,
?dr \<g, bur ,-[Link] "n t<g r.,cill cl..r-rAe the Axf**,r rLptyrn*e J-o
be ft1..enre. 6\.cit\
"}gt
d) Regr-etn^* Twx*e Tc'q+u.{[Link]€ @t
Gwy}rr"d*ry the.,9.?,Lttr.) Ahegr,on L {-tgr^r.e, CLTF t^ }cy
Zivc*,
C Ct') a
Rc^)
J,f* B,*+ kps+f,

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (!!TK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: B3
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 I
r+ R Ca) =o tht^o Qryv srv f^? B 6l[[Link]-d &.Vt-,
"^l
E Cg) _A D [A)
f* s* .Kf
+ [Link] * [Link]

C (A)
Kp(r+#) gtT,r+ D

I{ tint v,robvt ':>f cho"rac}e,^r(xHc cauohrsn haa -va v<o.I poa la fhon F. y
thesn e^rn c-o",r be oPPU"d, €gS = Um A ELs) =- o.
eo
A+o
C-en lcl,r^rn"(5nA
)t lnrrelvaf c,srtvsrl [Link] lao.+ C^y'.ve"rfe.d +he Aec^qand wd*"r A^f*n
toq +hiy6-wd+" ene
)e Henoce, it Cfn^l-ys"l \2gf+nt T^rt bec.e,,rre r"v lrt-obLe +$, t4"[Link] vaLutt
of Kp.
.* In P-I *lre propentietrnal C,sr^}Y,S{qctjcro f-e^ndA 1o 51-alour.*}e-
C^sr'1-ro\lerr,
'tl,re XnABt-t^rrr, cr-:l^,,ile t\t i^nt-t"d crS^"lhvci o..tie.n tg,ndl {'o dir'\i^&}q
ev v<d^^c-e g=t b Y*+PennAe to Vo'-t..l€^.^.1 f\tu}A.
e) P'r [ .:rna, .Cgrnhst . :pifl', Inrry tia. Lo c^a "t'
op tn
CLTF f-t ft. /o?,sl-oh,'t Al'\^:LSn tn FiA fa
Cf<,)
---i-
Ko
I
R cs>=
J.* + I<p
toota of the t.}..o,'[Link]€c
eryus.tig11 ore .-'tcteno""^a , ht-,c*. ttn<" vt+P{s^oAe +o ,.^"r\it - a\-ef i,P
[Link]-r {-\ to 6\ cit\o.^re.
o"J Lo c^d t ccb)
t.
Ke({+iir)

A,q*uar'"e DCA) = o, CLT F r1 g:

RLST

Her6ra, &gnfvqtu've cs'r.t'r €Jl t'nt-r'sdrrc'e'l' dq""' Pt^? ef f€ Li'

Prepared by 8fi/55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@gma [Link] Page: 84
For admin related queries: su pport@ohm [Link]
?) P- O c""^ty@cl - ov9!!1 sx 1!eTx:
Kp-rKaA
s!,
Rt^r= rf + (e-+-r!)r+$
g. :}. E t-,$. ur',S t Y q^,./rp *p,* & e== = _Q_
t(P
cl'urro. c-h t^rf,rHc equoli '=" t B+ ka
q,.^d q""rpt^g tc^tio
T.g* *(B+ Ke) A + Kg = o i zJt(f J
d =

B? Se,tedfne Kp q,rJ lt lyroPe., [Link]'*9, { co4 t e c,^gn}voUeot' -

Exe-rc,i e Pvobtt"n,l t{'- sbud e'rF Rach'<a]

tlCA +zft'c'.t) AC.t*[Link])

(q) cb)
L.1) C,snAr,,.d€y Cr. Cr€r f^reA .[Link]-t rr -Bh.r.:r-sn '/r F;X Cctl. Find -lhe 'Bt-€AdAXl'aIl'
''i"/rlPt^l
o '*v'db -Vourt P
&rvev +o
(b)Toei,ir.,inh,}.eessetrfcinad\-lPo"b[a)'P*pc'snn'fvollt4t'nu1a<-do*l
,[Link]^:nVnFiSCb)"Th&ttinaA\^ito'Irlevc-Iue€'1-K'
tZ) -fl.- $oU-sr,c;, t-,7.^,"c ,rh,,srr:,\ +Lnte e^6al-owra. gi*}'+^*tf f* pdriils, o'J 'te)tvo
keAl-rm^. 1SF,'..)[ t o. p.g;]u€[Link] -t<,,yo -t^d,LHdr..-rith P-U CrSt^,firgl'
S'd*F<a^',

crl'U *'| /^dAF'%')

D f,r o gd-,it^enMJ z!+.:tvo *LdA\-tlrn .,"ith v<l'oUti f<'e"dbctcl<'
urLrt I^gs,re t<,[Link] ov&r,c.)[Link]- ,-] the u4^it ,LHf v+{pen!€'
R(s)_F

Sy>bennr T.

Slalt
{ nn iii

StAi{^"o n

Prepared by EfrISS Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page:
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 &l.r !+.
(L) (o) €r* = z
!
C^fh

[b) l( r ul-
CrCy,;

(il s1*f om fil

-x-

l'%. 86'
"
 CONTROL SVST E }4S
chophe 6 : store. 9P..* {roL5rrfx
Le it-q/r e:H?5 -o In bvodur t-h ..:ro

i( c [Link] cgr".tsr-s\ qppy o q ch fa bo ,s{-d e^o [Link]^t * x1xb+,v-t2 O. g

to o. [Link]"nrt St , fir"rr cti enr1, tl"ur,l, ?t n e"roh't q rna*herrqti col rnnC.{,I. The
prfrnorri [Link],.dva^ntaXe o$ *he cLr,fmcoJ .fpyooqlr U ?.b,r ttn i+ed c1pf[-
cqb i U hd .. 15 co'n be o?pLi ed en\ to [in<o"r, time - e,'"[Link] f q^^t xX *] €/m^ .

Th,e [Link] Apace [Link].h, o,Lao "eF.^rd qA +h€ [Link],orya c€il\byol {proog
fx O rr/r,i li <rf rneth,od $y, rnodd ^?, a,naU6 UnX or^ol de,c".7r"i ^3 o .rid;
t*?" of ftAbe4rrA.
Boxric Deftnl H ctvr,L'.
!!11io!!". Awy Vq,rio$Ie. +hab r<*perd* *rc qrr f^p*t or'trnib{ol
S?"gbt-'r
cgYtdCti-ng in o. ,tAb€,rn.
Sbq{g VoryiorbL+s I The Arnalle-xb ,s<l- .s$ tin<o-h t"nd*pandea',r x1xban
Vq f obl€l Eqclr n^at the- voj^^++ oS flre me,ynbuz o$ tt,e Aei qt frre t" of-"?
<ro[fh [rrsr^rn f*a1 [Link],srnA [Link] de"l"oyr'.ine *[re valrre o$ o.U %dtnfg\.n1
[Link]*g {erl o,U b }-to.
Sbqlt vecln l. A ve-cter csh.6.e [Link]-rnerrbA c,\,re. the ,*tcrf,e vo*rfo,bterr.
Sto.I€ "t+qt$slA: A *e* o{ rr [Link].,..tthovn<-r:nr-r: ftraF-.s^-d€,r oti+f e,re-rtral
e+L,,[Link] €rr.+ t cith n varriq,trle-c, c.*clrt^r Hne y\ va4ia,Ut"* to be ,.riAJ ed 6^rre ft-e *bole
Vo."r(a,blt*"
(}rhpu.r '- Tht o,ic ecLuofi em fl^O,.f e)*.pv€.AA<4 *he Gu..[Link]..r
%1*f
o! q *r6*t-+rrrr cr,r Untg., C,oh/r b i na.t, on+ o f flne g [Link] Vo^i o.$lq
[Link]++
qr',Ol {'lne r"^.f l.^t^'.

A g"[Link] Orn Cl vt4reAr,/\Ird "t.o [Link]}[Link].q. b.g +r",e Sotte^,o'--g e7r.",ot'o"gr

*: Ax+l3u +o, t)-to q^^d w.,.itiqJ cs'[Link],xcto) c^rhe,re
1
]= Cx+Du J

Y = Abo'|.€. vec*r=r
i = d sG vot-i ve. of * [Link]. veclorv u3. t. b ' H vne.

Y: or*.tprr.h ver*'eq I R = ,;-ry-f rna-bvix

I
(L
I C =.
= t^ p,"^f Veclrry [Link].r.l- rnabrfy

fl= *X,ate,vrr [Link] I O= f'eed'seryurcr,rd r,'"4-hf1

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (!lTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 8+
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 nn t^-,*p Lt4oobq- "e able lA/iahle*:
X The rntntrnurrn n^rr-rbet o$ [Link], Ve^rrfqhLas, r'+ay'.^r'v{.gl f* ea'-^ol +o
flne evde^7 o$ t{re ,*xsF-n.
X [Link] y\.l.r/n\cerr of [Link] [Link]{+ t'X tf^e nurnberv o$,.-tdtfe^odery.-f "*
.[Link].A ,*tsr.o?,€. ejt ne4b'f'
)k S^--nce i^nte.7vercr,f La o cs^tirnur:rrr5-tirrn crtrrrherl -r^6st'e^^a Ae''vg ctA
rn€rfnerrt d+vtc,o5, tlnt r-srr-tputt O$ .gucln Lnte2tal-sv4 c'or/n loe
C$/tAdcT e'd

qa t{rre vo,"r([Link]<+.
Tr It 1g'CenrrV€-nier^! fic cl^ra6e ea,*;\ vv1€9"Er'rr,zvo..ble aUO-,EiLic5 f-tO' t+e

,g bql-€- vo^[Link], Lvr-oh C.,errnpt"f*e"5l'

Cwve\ctisr b"f...4r? Lr*^^!?{ CI, d ,g ho.J-e - Apc.6e e?ualj eLg
+1.:2t,ht,.} :-:l--;: :
C\:14,&id+,y o. ,r6^t-.-, de-tCrr f bed b'3
i=
Y= CX -+ Du --+ [Link]"^.l enc^ottts'n

Bt baltt^j L.T,r-re ?ef ,gXCA)-xto) = AXCs)+BuC+;

c^"^A Y[.r) = CxC,r) +'DuC.g)
AZ.,[Link].1g Y. [o') a"-rr [Link] 1,9 c]er, tt-re-r c^19 co4 7
e-t
tR+D
l,*) cLar.-Af
uc^) =
Exe-, cr1e Probte'rnx I f* ,gtL^de,nl Pvqth'c-el
llne *to.t-e- Apo.c4- co,', Lce yep1{+e,1t-ed c^s> q ht^qt< &'%.1-o oS
"?dia"
Al^\5r\,ln bc-|-13;UJ'-

Yct)
uct)

Fxcrrci*e
_,:-> Probt+*n* [:::fr], Sbutdsal Pve^
"t'cel
(1) find -flne [Link] -Apa e. Y<l3lgge,r1f otienrt
of tl-re e-[eclxicof t'lel'l,oervk gl'[Link] ',- Fi?. uo(t)
ui
Tlne o,*ipr*i L, rtoltl

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: ?8
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 (z) o, .*r.a,Bbe,r, deffned b) +l'r€ 'f,otJu$^:U€ .[Link]
C,en.r*r.'dc^r -Apcrca
eo;uatien\s.
L*,J
_1 I
fi,l_f_S
!! =
I: -"11":l "[ ;] -
' rl[''l
Lr - L a-J
trinol *he , GCa) . 1*
4-vovvr*{r-^r &e,nt*ion

(3) [Link]&,v *fne Cj'r [Link] .ghcr\,on * S,e

u''t€' Delelnp Aho'le - "Spc^ce
rr^-od<-t. At,to dra^^r SFG' rlo b o'[Link] vo"riabte'

C+: An qarrno.h^,r.e C..ernlvol I eol OC ,Lcr1y6 rnotqr & laelcnr). [Link].e.l-,cpe

^l^[Link]
.gbo-,l-e - .LPqc€ rn-o del. 9elec.h c-J-, ar, olp. t Rt+e",e*.,* : Le-cf 5Bl
Ro. Lo.
.,
T-)
(
9r"
,- -.

c5) A *.A*b-r,rn Jx de-xc,rilce d b3

Lr -4 -r-l * I o-l
-_^, *L i-l*
"= L-l -:j L)
!= Lt t rlx
;."o1 tlne [Link],s{<-r^X?:

CL)
i+l [-#, + -*.. *.']
l+l=l r ; I[ l.t" I",.,*,
lla']*L**J "'

L6rI .-#,
I au.,- :o foJ L*"
I

o "l[i:l
3=Lo
L *."J

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: controls.o h m i nstitute@gma i l. com Page: s1
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi [Link]
 12- A+ 51
Cz) G Ca1 =
** 6} -+8

r dL'Llcti I f- t -i I \
;l -[':] ",
[at
Lru"r*J
=L
1
,,l
- #,"1 L

I . Lo L;:]
1ai^t*-I-p-H. -t,
Lg -H ll;l "l:l "'
c+)

l_a*-ra,J
:=Lo ,lfAl
[s> GCa)= z'La+z-,,s-g
.&+lo,*+ I*L+G
-x-

\e:9c>
 CoI\l-rRo |- SYS| EmS
[Link]*- -a: Sta^Fe. Spcr<<- Arral^1a€a
' d
Lecf.r"e -3A
S-.r*^E^e ,g.[t.l]af." fu-r$*r__t- Sht* ,e,! l One odvo,^ro.7e of
++-e Ab€.f(

Apqc4. r€-prgiq,nfa-biqr & fl^r.t ff cozrl be cr*ed +€nr the ,9frr^,r-^lot^err oF p\X<sl
.a;ebe-rrrra srr .tl^e dfSfbal e-srmpcr.t-e-rv'

CI) [Link] vq"riobte {rwml Ab f*v+f [Link] *&c} o gt.l eRo ,,fo.}€ varvialelt*,
'p},aat vq^riobt<+] oohwe [Link] .8uloAq?.^onr y'bore [Link].6te f* def',n<sl
{obe fi^e &[Link] of the pre*i'sur xb'tl-e- vo4iaAl€"
-cArl<d
Csn,lr\td4.r +l"e W enntial eAcaoX errn
"Li4F "

+ + ^n-,+.r ....c-bq..l'e
cLt,
+a1**oou=,bou
t*"io,.tcte,r Q +c, cl"vo'S\e t'he ratpui, bcb)
A Gsnnveznie.r^f +o-&.roofe-^?
or^d Jt: Cn-l) d{r,,:va.b.v<-g q..,) t}re *hcJ-e Va,viqLle-tr. ?.^o,: chrv,'c,e ,L [Link] the
pl"ro,.{e-V*"rto$le chrnce" Ch^dd1 +he xfo.}<- va,vio.,bltg,rt3 hre ?el-
nt=X
nz= d\/o, (l;ffiilff o'L
1 in=
;.=T1
4I

a3o d'a/at' i -*'

I -,.-. |{ d}
-r
l-'l gnce. tlrt- g fo.l-e er;u+Jisrrl c\''re e'r"a1^'crl-<ot <'"4
-l a'1
=
d., = a3

a'r-1 _ ril-n &o,,-.\+ bo* ; f{ v<chvr- n o'}YJx Fo.,'m

Io 1o o
[u,'l
\a_
I Il-l to o 1 o l[,,]
ltiLl
ll
i lof
I o lw I

t+l
I r, l- | o g 9 o I I iL3 I I o
lo"-,1 Io
L -l L*" -o.{ -aa
a.
; o r 1lL "r-i
^-,'i I rbr)
L
I

-qr-1j
iheo,-,.-rpr^.r eau'[Link]* J=[1 o o olIi1I
L
""'' -i
LeJr ua YePrt-Aen^* *fre fott':tf i"j bvq^nrf tet &"-r,.5.31n CCs) q,&ihC phA4e Vani..,Ug
Rcsl d t

f.r-, '.4to [Link] - Apa'ce .'

Prepared by BNSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gmai Lcom Page: 7t
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 R ts) .f + b1r+ b.'
[Link]'+ O,f+ qtA+ ao
C h,o cll e ilne a f c,,fe v o.,'r,i a,L l*r c.r +o I I r:r^r ,r I
?q: a1 b ir=?(z-
e(rbd-F= 43 ---# 'i., = ,t3
''r' > i3 -*qo.>\r*01'r-.ct3:t3 17
"(3 : d.1(r
c{-l-
The ;Becrsn \d tYo^rtA&Y {*'-rclie'n <-*:tth ju':}
the nq/'Y)e-ro'J'err Xfefgll
Y Ca) =- c CA) = (b-'*1 b1A +
bo) xi Ca)
b.6 [Link]? i6Verr,fe L.T eyr bottr }'id{f t-,sttt"r Tqo tnr^Se-1 c,olodCfi,sr^+
YCb) = bo at * bt az- * b1^z.t, ,r"t 'llrre ve dsrv lrenra
B= Lb" bl
"[1] t- [Link]
ALLt-rr,aHve R+4:vt-Aerrrl-o.t-r.,:rn+ 3pc*Ce. ""

z-4
(z) Cqxcad1Fa-'- A,qtt-rv'ne !!!] , 24
RCsl= F+g
:
C8+ z) CA+ 3)Cr-+ +)
*-r [Link]-$
-
1
- 1
*-rz b+4 -xlr^)
conn be xhrs-"n in sFG o.-0, {-olls'321;
24 1l t, L ,tlr. t ,t
/*
cCL)
\rC*1
ti^>
-u -3 +
.
7r =-4a1 ) [{,] f- 4 1 ol[-1 I rol
,tr= -3az- ll:,-l=[Loo -3 1 ll"t-l+f o lY
,i^.-,J
= a47 J L"rJ o _,L )L,i3 J L.+ )
-2-'\tar
3= Ll o o x
Notel 'Tlne root r o$ the clra,rctcle,rC,stic [Link].h sn, the poleS, apfeo.r
4xton
*Iryy tlre arl s^oJ o$ ,&?Ate/rrr rr,[Link].
.=D Pqrquu Fsvrnr 1t^ 2-4 *- ,lz
tB=fu)= b+L L+7 ' A+4

o.^^d cca): *+L

Rc*)- + - Rt8)
* - '.L,o*Z ; slsc ,i,Ch,sF"$1 be/,r:r,o:

'Ft.:""1 Strq) at= -:-'(1 +1LY

rt:-= -312-4(-rer)'t
{3= -4113+ 1vt

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 72
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 The glo.h Apcrce yepyegq,\^[Link] f*
:9-
-24 - 1l* Iz(a> |
8-5 \c(9
CCL)
[1l lI: Illl"rll
U=[, r t]x
-4
In thig y4?yegqmtqJa'cr, @ch eluatienn A h,ir*f -(xderr otr"fse^re,[Link].f eg*olfsn2
t" *\ erhe Vcl/[Link], [Link] ,,os.^f/ X&teth€rs€. egerotira^r i^feperrdern*t.
'i1^e cac^[Link]^f o"re [Link] fo "dece*[Link].'
fQ_Ser1lr,sll e,.r ca-renico..l Fsrr.r: {,aau,",te , --;
c cs) a ,f+ ?.s + z
RCCI rP+ 9 ,4- zb *az-a,
fte phA" -Yo.'v(ohte ft*-, &
n-,,-'] [ar I
=Ll q^^d r'r. + ,] l ",
l1]"1:]'
I

L1] L -.J

L;HITM[{T; :: j i e/ot1

I
'l L
I rts -l
a'-
"')
I

Rt arv're-nfnX L oxcx-d,i".g n.r,rnervCcsl erdc^, [Link] flre CJgv{'yol ltar Carr,,gurco./ {(%
-;' a^d 3=r t "lI]
Lil=fl Tlfll"lil'
c c$)

97xher"n rnalvice+ +l^6"f c-enta,in lfie c'otlrtn'<-itrnta o$ the cl.q,tacf-e^rf,stic

ndlns'*.o.t qtre cs-tl{-d CA^1 por n e^n rrralhj c*-S .

Cn) b* ervt r cqr"r errnieol Fertrn'. A,tlt-r.r're ??t)t =

*L?^* "
-O
"f+ i'tE+ r-aa+,-+
RCA)
ti.+
1+2^
t*rSQ= ?+;E+:
trT.*- *\ Cq^ be [Link],e,*ed
RCl})
r**+**#; cL5

Prepared by ENSS Shqnkqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] mi nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 13
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 c CA).
* [Rce7 -i cc"r]o][, *ca)-, a..^r]**[zRca> - 2-4cca:]

2- tl* 1
cc')

In vectenr -rnal-tlx S*,".f '

llf =l:1. :o :ltll-l i'J"
,JL*.J L,-J
o.^a 3=rr o "rIll
L*l L-'4 L*.1
6*'t1-vollte, c-q,,n,.:r..ical Fa"tn 6^ d ob,Sgrvenr co/n€n^icoJ {rrrrnl [Link] dtral <qch
oHngr.

fx+-rciag --L{l- Sh^de-,r Pr c..t .,el

t{) Reprexo"^r fhe b'vormr}try fi^-rotis'n gcl) = j*1, , .-t x'bo.}e-apo.e
R(sl C*++)(x*6)
a^^d crryq^i sFG {-,s- t+-,t [Link]^r',.^^g.
tcr) Phs^*e vo^r,[Link] t-'rrrn tb) Co,gco^de t',rrrn tc) [Link]/ {vrr',
td> Cr:rrnlrollf-v co'nennicg-l fcrrto (e) 6b*<Yrvt,/ c-o,Yt9r;coJ $-rnn
lZ) Rq^ e.g<rnt +t^e Feed bo.c.k oenr.*reil lut+,!n El.\.edn fa.-t :n^r, .nn ,gbo.t-e-,A
t{odgl the tyr(^rqra tvqrnXf<a fi..-cti,.sn t" C^5^.-}Yoll+,.r clr,'4tYr^-iG.I {"st"t).

C3) Repvc,lexu thr. fottsr^:i^g ,a.6,abe.,nf trr 56"[Link] Atr"^,e vn T,vrda4 cruegrnir:o.J ffsrm.
Dvolrr ttne Ai?d fl,s'\'c ?Yo{'h\'
co,) G[,9)= Cgrl)CA+ z) tb) GCa)=
C6+r)*(A+ +) 6aoffi-11'
-A+1
[Link] e,rr4

tl) tq) * = ** #(c) i=l r-a-

O
o'\
lx+ [-n'"1 ,
[-iu -',,1 [: ]"' I -GJ [at" J
I- L3 [Link] T. Lt llr
rb) *= t-: '.1**L:]'
L O -4J
S= L3 llx
dr *.=
rf -'"ol *
y.L1 glx
*[:l'
Prepared by BNSS Shqnksr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: 1 4
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 (e, i=
[:;
:= Lt ol
:1,- L:1,
x
tzr * = T']*-*L :1,
rr";*
3 . floo So'cl X
13, (<r, u= +[il"
l-; i :ilX
J: lz -5 -elx
oo "".l
cb) *= t:: i . - \?l ..1;l'
t: i 111
r. V? r -5-+ -r]x

Pa)r: 95
 CONTRO L 5Y S TE MS
Choptt,+ -6 : Sto.|-e srcr,.@ Ano\zt'z
[Link] - 37 ot.d SB

Laaol-o,cz fugli *, d: [Link] Egr,-olior^d1

Tvoana&xf
Conr,id€' 11as gfo.i'e eauafi'srr : X = 4X 1-BU
[Link] o\^ipr,..f e4uati e'"r ! Y = Cx +Du ; [Link] l*'[Link] Tio-r,g{tym en

both Atd<+, 6e ?4.l. 6X(a) - x(o) = AXCa)+ Buf'r)

c6D (xt- A) xC&) = xco) + Bucs) , whe'te f & a,zr ?rxr) Sdema'(5
[Link].
(,su) xfa): (AI - At' [xco)+ BuLs)]
= a-ajcl"r-n) fxco) + B ucsjl
dtj car-A)
o^^d y ts) . c xc*)+ Ducs)
",r,\iilal
* -.1.O C,orrftvyn +lne deffnttts,"r o$ t':rcr-m*$rrv &-racfitsvr, Le} Xto)r 6a ,he"r'e

vccfet, eXt^al t'r rt^^If yscfr=r I*,

Gts)= rc) = - L itgil-^?l
.l- e* o
ltcg) a.r cal.- 4)J
co.{ic'gl-@
atf C,sI'- A)
* The toota of de.t- C,sI-A)=o o've *tre '*td^b'{-n Pol{sq^ol Aalyy\€. ai
A% r,ralutf.
Sotrficn"r of }f+[Link].r> [Link]^s :
x Scolqg fi:rrn'. i= o,r , S. L'T errr 126p" *;deg
AxLL)-,[Link])' o";c(.'&) o,rgl -x.(a)= Tt",)
"^-o-
- b1 t ak i nX e L .T , the"^, rtCt) =
Lnv e^r,t

Sbo-It !+*+tr-'.: i= Ax , tqke L'T 61n boilo tdn*

--l.f ;*;;:i-,ic"l = ,q1c ) o-md..';;S,i:.;.-a)x[a)'7,,x,!o),,
- [Link] p\ both e;d+* ..,rf +t', t*c'-Arl f fU.a+ xc,s) = CAI- n)-rxf o;
Q [Link] wivatlle L'Tr tht r x-(t) = ftf,ar -^lj*..>
Bd, (-sr-ol'= **+-#+"--. 2_ t
He,",.e ?-'[Link].-d'= f.* ot;# * #-b... =.At
t'lafr(,e+enre, xC b) ?-t f (gf- ni'l
= xiol Xcol = eAt
(nherre Jt. Stb') I krr.,sr,34 o.+ ,tbq*l'c. [Link] rr^a,hfX.
Rop*U*+ oS sto.l'e blq,[Link].:yr yna-tvfceAo.

L. +ct)= [Link] *h* gto) e L *^d SCo; = A 4.L$cbtlh= 6Cnt)

2_. g-tct)= QC- t)
3. cDC ta+tz) = SCtr)'$Ct")
Prepared by BA/55 Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 1a
For admin related q ueries: support@oh mi [Link]
 CoLql^grr of n-err,l-t sn-\ o ge4ner:[Link] *bo-f'e [Link]'sr^.5 i'
Gs\ -qn'dt"r i
= o,r. + b r.r (eil) i -ct r"= bu . -crh
F4,[Link]\^A both .qidtf 61r- +hr',r" <+[Link].s,.t. lop ;*; ?.. Aet
Aot [{ ct ) - a,.ctl] = # f6"tr-ct)l = 6ob6,^ct)
fn,te7va.b.,5r#^ [Link] b<-It,c<,en o o/r^.al h 2fve+
t
e rt(t) = rt(o) *f to?buc?)d?
Og.6d rt,gt^rt'.en r t

f.n tlne 4,frnitl$ ttto..ry\nt',v, ,e[e^[Link] S=, ,gba,,1.r.. ent a,b'.s.n i= AX+Bu t{
xct) ,b nct-?)
= "ot*co) -F ot
J e'-- Rucf)dA
t'r) XCt) * ort) Xto) + I QCt-7) Brrcf) d?
o

*
$:e" c,+:e L-t ..tj Af.-1.1.L't
.e l
(I) A A2r,htrn i,f vt4v.+e^^led b7 +l"te ,Lto,f'e o-d clurlpt^t el?uo*r'enng +hal {ott\}l'o'

uriflnot^i lb&i,,.a the gboJ-e enuotl_err; {r^d the pol*-t o$ the *a*le,vn"
x. = r-e -,-l **[rlur+)
L-; -5]"-
L"J
Ja L3 zlx
(, A [Link],rborn t yqt<,S€rnted bg 'ilng gfoJ-e., *l cx^hpuf eXt^oh'ar^5 r+at {otl^s"c'
oitho*f *.i^r'. ? *he 3f ohe a?uo,H€rn., {i".ol
ro) +he clra:roct+-r8U$. eat^+ti an tb) +he polt+ oS *he ,[Link],,yt.

*=|.: Z ?l "-iilucu o'^"d Y=[a 2- olx

L; ; ;) Lrr
*bagf'e . *'1c/- *4seLe:nla"ti€''/) o$ A
a *i1LYenvt., fi"d Yt-4)
G) Gfvenn *he tol'I.x,c, 1
';r
*=L_=
tf**i1-l g,".t o^el \:[rzlxixt"'=[|]
_1 l,--LtJ
(4) Selys tht {.llsuc\ ,gt<lle eLuaii.s'/t o, d cru-ipwf eXuatferzr for !Ctl,
Ooherre trCt) { +ft" u^,\i.+ abeP'
. [-z o]**[Iluct)
X=L-r-
-rJ^*LtJ _-;'-
t=Lo IJx; xLo)= t"l { o'1
t 5) F^t" d tl,e ,'bo.l.e [Link],{[Link] t^o^}-vix f{ i =
t: o
2-
:l
Prepared by BNSS Shankor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad
For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: q7
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 Arr*t^re"r,g
Ct) _ S.?913 o"^d _ L-zogn
c2) to.) ;-9 ,.= l!.s+8 tb) ? .LL, -1. c45, 6'53+
CE) YCx)= 4*- to,*+ 45b - ro5-
(f+q) (.t'+s)
q) lCt) a o.5- ;t* o.5;*t
fa"t o o -.l
t5)
cFCb) = lfr*"b a"'
E'tt
o
) a"b
I

[..rr"a
ex-

\
\

Pfl"-1s
 CONTROT SYSTEI'1 S
[Link],- a ?, Stq,Fe gpac-e- Ar oh,{x
Leclr-r"rg 3q a,v.'d {O

S [Link] [A, i h Varrfoua !,arrna €^, the Abq.|.€ enua,blehg

TvAnzrzt h.s^( r'] ali'en^.t ".

u,re^re htu&^d by rna,' .,[Link]! the byanrr ,q{t- fi-*, .lr'err.,, d [Link] r\ n Pft*t
btsl,c ort^d tht"a r^lrihinX *+te *tc."l-e [Link]^.f f-'sn"" *Ltt SFG. Tho't-
?rqrh,
Aq Ah e4(t A o,xe col] €d "9;r-ri [gsr 1o1 gf€*-t ]-' .
a i-
"r"n
A ,69,rFernrr
(r' Yu?Y{:A'el^-l.d 'tbo'J-e .gPac'a cr-t
i=Ax+Ru
-
l: Cx +DU
co.,,n )ce bvovnrfenrm€d to a 4rft'rJLlv *Z*b*-'1,
2 = {'Ar z + p-'tsu c,rhwe z -P'x
-t

y = CPz * o,
P A kru:vtsn q.,t bnaznAfienrrv"o"bitYa w.'a'hfx'
D io,a evrc,ld zf rq-::-o Sy ,+bt-'rn Ma'hv 3x "o
]f tot v<-FYc,r.e,^.L tlne. Xive,', f,".tr*be+"r i^nto [Link] +et"r fie^tr +he,s?Ab{4/n
rnabrCX c,sCJ be ,-, di%sno.t [Link]. In dfo,Cff,,4J [Link] Qach dflf t"O,",tia",
eauohen"r cs^r be A.5t^/ed ,[Link]"ge"ndc^H1 o$ +he othev t?i^at6^$' -tf t^re fr"d t're
C,snv ect nna.h viX, P, tfrt $ra,vrxfi>rr^ed ,*,*b+.vn w.o-trix , P-'AP,
u:iJl be oUo'6o't^a'l
rrnahrix.

-Ei7e- Ve+y.'B'- The d?* ye-ctere of the rnalvir A cure [Link] [Link],r xi:ho,
c^J^ich [Link]*rl tlne bvann,s{.[Link]'Insn A beas"rteA rnuJh'pte* o! the,rn*e/.xr<g, ++laJ-,i,
Ax; = X; x;
t,clrexe X;' a o.^rg c.6,nr,La^/1bA "

)L"
7.r-

l(1 7_!
f;X cal fi'3 c b)

xI$Ax I
LA yrob [Link],irrt-o", r.,ofth X a$te, the tra,rrxssrrnqf,en, a4 gh$^rni.")
t
fiX ca;, x u npb o.,.n efcrd e,n Vec-tgY.
*I{Ax D

q cJlitr<o., c.,of-th X o+bf-.r flne hcr,*t',:"rre..kir*r, o.'r .gL.,lr,^'" L

Prepared by BIVSS Shqnkar, [Link] (llTK), M.l.q OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: co ntro ls.o h m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page:
For ad min related queries: support@oh mi [Link]
fi 3 Cb), X g o'n eige- veclenr.
EJge,n vqlrre: The dq*, val,ues, of fte [Link] A qrre '[Link] vo,luea oJ \t ++6^l-

,[Link].\ @L
-sO Axi = XiXf +sr x6:tsO.
To f,nd the d?* veurene, t: coaa coviFe, o -(xl f -A)Xl
ts,) *, =(Xtf -A)-'O= aeticXe f-A? O
der (x;
-A) r
since X; =#o, cr ?tYo nron
,gelrr-t^ertr ocf,sb,f f$ de*(XiI-A)-o, fr."r., [Link];.1, Xf rthe eiryen-

Vul,-reg, c.o,nr lae f€urod.

J.f th9 d?*ve-che,YA oF +he A [Link] c1rJ:e' o'* tlne ba*t* vecterr*
[Link]-vu"x
of tht- b-o-,rfo, [Link]; enT P, *he [Link].^.I}, r"2 [Link]**1 rno.f vtr c,3r".,1g be
drog 6'Y.a1"

Lef the [vor,,.,af-yrrr*o.]ietn n",a.][Link] P Cren,,*"At- oJ the d?* vecfavA, of A,

P=[*r,xa, --. ,xr,]
tolri.h csn^Ice oovit\-e-n eXtJvc".lt".,f! a,\ o. A<J- ol eXu^rrhov4 expref6ed b5
AP' P9
c-,che-e- D(
t+-r. di.t.e^al [Link] c,en":r{*bl^2 r:f hf the e't2e^1 vo.L^4+
^
a-}.,sn/l? bhe- dfog,tt"4l" :;i: .t a, .::;.4..

GsnbYoltohiLi h, :
I$ C\^rr wr,PL^r to a xl.r'bt-n cs^", be f't:t^.."a J+\^"r- lcrk*+ eve^{U

,Abcrle yo,rrCo.,f,\e $s.r o deprfved ']nih'qt ,[Link] -f'o o de-+iv<-d fft"a't 7oha,<-.
Jh€ g?gFtrn Cx Aeid to be "c^[Link]-bte'); othevoof,r, 'l{re :',xhc-n f*
"urn Gen ,hv o lla.,bte".
1/* *1

llr \z- Y

laa
$2 col fip cu>
*1 - Q1 7t11 tr nl = -Qlz.1
,(r- -c\r_a2.-+ tr i, = -ot1a.2+ r-,L
ia - -43a3+tr
1, -4.3 13 +tI

Prepared by ENSS Shankqr, [Link] (llTK), M.l.q OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 1oo
For admin related queries: su pport@oh m i [Link]
 In fi'! Corl , +he ce.^.*rcA trAd L' qff ec-l* eg\ch of fu ,gbore vquobleg. Hs,a(e
f b ,L [Link] o ll o..b te .

In fi'X Cb), the ,sbofe vqrriolcle n & r,r-ot c,s,ntrolltd b3 fhe qs.^iyvl ,[Link] u,
Tln1r,L, [Link] ,f2,rhe'rn U $[Link] +'o bg taa^c.,snlvoila-ble.
cs'nr voll abi ti$ b) gpt c.h e'n tS.J !r*!t T€$ rl :
t. A b1^bo- [Link] cli,rHnt-t .i2,a" vo.lue4 omd a aic^2 q,\o.I *b1ol:-.,ll
[Link] frr c.,err"tvollaAte i$ *he ,^10,^l cru.^-,"Ung rna.l*v,l:t B doer, rrr:rf
[Link] *t vr:rt^fA llaAJr o'rre ZC*or the,.,
n F.-" t c,.tnholla,ble.
Z. 'Tlm. el+"rnenta rrF o.,ry Y!:..*: €G f5 iotl't- Lvq-,,,[Link]',at'uyn r^ ,hc &'.?*1
k:*-J -hl,.al- c^snrve*pernot to the. togl yeno o$ <och f,'vrda4a bln* o.,re
nob [Link] Ztlro, +httr +he ,*"78t'+'"n I Csnlvollc"bte-
Nol-c i c{t,be"{bA t.*: [Link]*,: * h" Aal-€,^r Un dfo$ b*"ry
terr> [Link] b'.:rr rn oF Y*13" e-se'nla*r err-
Crnrvo ll ahi ti E b7 M o.-FYC x L t<o.t w.v-*t',\ T{i tl
,.

C$r,g,id€^/ the AiAbf,,na 'o X = Ax + BU/ + c^en-rptt-f e'\ xla^l''g cer"-lrolla{[

f f q^nd or,.Le Jf +he ve c,l-srva q A B, - - . An-{r5 tu"., Ltneo-! ,- dege-rdht,
-
[er) the nxn n ,abriX
c',r=[g.Ar5, fg' - an-tgl sogta-x1r'-'
c-.:hure cm ,i [Link] o'4 "cr$,+[Link] Li! mabyl'x" ,,chcAe evdcry axrry.
&
RqlK o$ o, llqfvfx: Rq,rr| o{ a. r.o."rrti J,r de{-'-n<d ol the endr- 69 l*,r1.-t*
rmatvCr <,[Link] dr-t-e-rr ir^ar"rL f,& '"r^:F 7r"7q',"
A1,clrfrvre

Ex'- lize of [Link];x A U nxYl e\r^d IAI+o 1{^ey1 ra,nj< of Aa n

lAl=o the4 voznK oF4(n.
t+gu@-B'
'U* a.1

aar
tI Kz- tlb - 1 ,> 7,r:
:
I(.
\t =
\ 'tlb ?t.c
-f-2 Cb)

tr43 5-qe

Y. Ll t- aJx [Link] r t-lx

Prepared by B/VSS Shonkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link] i nstitute@gmai Lcom Page: lol
For admin related queries: su pport@oh mi [Link]
 }1fui!!*tt If 1"1 "r"^riHat ,Bbal€ vr chrr x(b.), (a,ro loe f-,n^46 F".:r,.,

t-ltt) Y(t) rnea*r-vrt-d ove,r q {-ini+€ L,n-}eryva.l .rS kme to, ++re
q^,^ol

a.6,*be"m t:- [Link] +o be*ob,gerva.-btr". othe,^sf,ge *he *;Abe-n { *roiO

{-ur }Ce ul,"rr ob/- e.:trVo,b I e.
x -rhe- .g?,gbqnn ,[Link]=,.on rr, ftX Cc^: f* obgevrVaAte a^-d *Z*F,n4 .gl',..:n^rn
o
urt &i cb) L3 u/n o 66gayoJo Le
2 .

Pb^e4v-rJd[b ;!y [Link]*'' !;$- t__Es,tl I

{. Fw Ay0 r'hearrr,f v<pve,[Link]-d tin poaralltl [orrn r^ri*h otirEtin * oi ?",
Val.,..e+, C $ 'ao/n^1 [Link],nr, trf +he cn*) pu.r *^ff,? rroJi;x 0r zen o, Sa
dioX$"ol \*;taw. L *t ob,[Link].
Z. The d.;ag e'^al ,r?,Bt-ev!4 Q 'ch,re'rvablt- r-'$ rto C'sle+vrnn '5L C thoJ- c'evre*po'd
tO ihe t v,Sb Vcrt r ,c$ [Link] [Link]-, bLocl cls*'.e'{,tt- o$ ?gro eltrne,"A
n Gr^J-)ce^rba Tegb g oqp\ica51g t* +t'"
!-"F. \xv+-*',n ''-, pc^rutJel lv,rr-,^
Ob,g€ttvc^.b iljhl bY MoFrr'ix L fof w^a^na T e8tl :
arhery X = .,8 ba.|.c vechu' fn-wcftr,r)
C^srrtr,..'d^q"r q *-[Link]^nt'. *= AX
-te CX y s OLltpr^,t- vecho,y Ct_ vec}:v;
The- *2,rbg"4 n C^[Link],t1 ob,gqVaJott. ,-'f ar'".d *"\ f$ +{"e vA,nl< .sL
OM \nclvix, ' €

o=
I:.-l
1 .o I
frr n'

[ ;;"-1 n-1-
k r) +ne *qnnY '',ot' [Link] A"T: .
- -
: c^r;-?rl I f\
frChe,re O- i kv,t^s.,cn o.+ ob,rerr,yal6r f UE nt..t-1;1
&S"rpIJ j.^'ut:
Cer,r,id{^r +'|lne- .*1*t-tn 3, dexc,rf lced b:
X= Ax + Bt, C^:he"e" X = AbO.l<- Vec;>y Cn -Vecler,)
\r
J- Cx U = dryr*/[Link]€rt vechr, ( y- \rectr:nr)
$ = st*1ru# Vecherv Crn_Vecl_9rr)
o,/Fd +1"e. d'*s.f *^trlb+-,r SL de{rne-d b;
A'z*C,t, crshe", e 2r .Bbo.!+- Vgclsrr tn- veclrx)
V=- C.^:nr.,ft,s{ vethr, Cv- Veclrrr)
Y'l e rSz
he' clt^tPu'f VCLh:>r tm- Vec1r:n)

Prepared by Bfi/SS Shankor, [Link] (ltTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 1oz
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 F*_.q..Agbe.'rn St i o,^r, A-tld Li€.,F

{. fhe n€cc-grq,r?*hdffe', $e" c.^s,mpl*e ,gbq}e cJsr\tvollaJoCLi! CA +-|.\o-.F

the vo,aok o$ AB f-n e] be ryr
"[Link]€ LB
x
z. The nec€-AAOrrX o,,^ol ,gu$[Link] ocrrdftlccn'FsFr cJey'1pt*e ob,set,va$f(rE
frr +[Link] +le. vo,.rk €^r [Link]-ix Lct nrcT . -. uTf-tJl be n.
Fetr A9 r>be,r'rr Sr"
t. the n€ca-,\Aarrl o,r,^.d .Au.F$icrent G$odCb-.:."r fryr crshn/,pteFe ce'nfvollabfL!
U tr^o,r t'lne- vo,.n}< oF fJ f cr 0q'f-El be n'
L- -t1ne neczAAo.\^? o,^^d A,*t'1n-crenb c,^9nndCtitgtt, {-st C-.s/nPt$e obxc'rvabe UB
tr +rno.+ '*re [Link] oF L g A{3 ' ' ' ,{-tgl }ce n'
86 C€rnf,qrri T *lntte cs,"rdi bi cn^l,
lne. [Link]\t o$ dqal-ita -tbq}+-l .t.|"{ +he,*[Link].r Sl Q c^tn",pte-ret-2
Abtrl€ c,enn-tvollo):te (ob,ssrvo,bte) t'f cr^ot €^^\ i+ ,c;*L-crnr 3. { c^"h"flcJ€lt
olrAe^(vaJo\e ( xbo.J.e 'c-svdy o lla^bte) .
Bt<mrx
Nole : Tlne *;,ube,m ,! [Link]-l-d2 ,Af*f. c-grr$yo ll.'ble q4^d c,e"uptet\
obxervo,Jote df o","d en"t C{ the ho,-,*4<" {-,r',.n*" }r*S ,",o p,rle-Ze"ro
Cqtr ce1lGh tYrn'

Exeac^"4e [ fr* Sft-,.de*r] ?va,-l^ce)

Ct) G\'vQry1 $rre AX,tbeln vepv4$emted ,}a ,*,bo.l€-Apac,e o* fottrs^la:
[2- o -t-l [z-l
i=|o 4 G lx-+l ol'
' -s -Bl Ll.J
L-6
3' [z 5 alx
Cninve4t f-lne At,tbe,rn io en^e c'rh+-rt' the' ntr'rc 'gbc'Fe' veclgr'Z t
lz L -4-l
t= lr -2_ "\^
L+ 6 z)
CZ.l Defe, rnine- r^:he*lne,y +he .s9Al-%^4 i= rr cenlrolla51",
6
t: +:"l""Lil-
C3) Dele^,[Link] urht1,tr+ry flne ,t6t-er,^/, i= o."ol
I-? -1 -i l"-lil"
3 . t4 G Bl x f,s ob,r+Yr valote '

Prepared by BN55 Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related queries: [Link]@[Link] Page: 1o3
For admin related queries: support@[Link]
 (+) tq) *toe tyq"n,l{<^, $,*nct- e^" Y(:) f.., tl"re futtsu:\
f"u^^a *r,oo xbo^}e-
ULs)
Apo,c.e y<-gpve-,Aemt o.l^ erhg.
ti) [i, l-].o 1- 1r?'1 to]*
'
L;',l Lo o -r.'3 ]L- i- L
'i
!r Lr,s tl['1]
L a'J
ti;) r*'l fo -o,41 [ o, l. t o'e1
L*" j= Lt -[Link]-, 1"1
1J*
5= [o
'1 Lxil
Cb) F\,.^d cc\,atvo\\[Link]\t a"^d obleavalci Li! {ery +r-re tr^ro rcfv+-se,a}qA'en r'
[C.) tr.:ha] crrrre t|.€- c-qnneo]a t9r +he ^r*-ruJ,lA'
fg*-qr4-
cL) Z= I-1.6
1.2-3 3Bll I-3.l
i [Link] 1.33 _2_.ajl z*l + l*
1,.n. -1'71 [Link] J L +)
3= [-o. 5 44 - o. o+'oz o'9'l \Z
CD C-snlrol\qJu\e ,,,, _ C=) obxsrvalole
,,..,i
,,,,

(4) Ca.l G Cg) = {€" both '

(r,*-g)C^* o'5)
Cb) T4pylat^ ialierr iill,, C* *to,he c,s'rfvo\\aJo,l.,, b'^r [Link] ob*ervahte..
't''"'
n ob c-rip\rlsJa' 6fo.}t- c.s'^iYo ll olle bql-
'

Ycpy+-aar*ot. .:n4 Ci(),

v
6\ogglva'Ll+"
-THl; E ND'

Prepared by BNSS Shqnkor, [Link] (llTK), M.l.E, OHM lnstitute - Hyderabad

For control systems related q ueries: [Link] m i nstitute@gma i [Link] Page: lo4
For admin related queries: support@[Link]