Introduction to Occupational
Risk Prevention
Irene Mínguez
HM Hospitales
Universidad San Pablo CEU
MARCO NORMATIVO
WHAT ARE YOUR RIGHTS?
If you are an
You have the right to
immigrant worker, you
safe and healthy
are protected by law
working conditions —
— wherever you work
whether you work.
in the EU
WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
Dentists face many safety and health risks, including:
• working in awkward
postures or doing • skin contact with
• biological risks
highly repetitive quemical liquids
movements
• working with X -
• the noise • stress
rays
HOW TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE
PROTECTED?
• Personal Protective • Formation
Equipment • Your employer must
• Free provide you with
• Suitable for the position and instructions on how to carry
the person out your job safely — in a
language that you
understand
WHOSE JOB IS Your employer must protect your
IT TO PROTECT safety and health by:
• putting in place measures to
YOU? prevent risks
• informing you about your work,
making you aware of possible
risks and explaining the
measures taken to prevent them
• providing you with any personal
protective equipment you need
to work safely
FACTORES DE
RIESGO
LABORAL
4 GRANDES GRUPOS
DEFINITIONS
Safety – it is the state of being "safe" , free from harm or risk, but in practice this state is
never obtained. Therefore safety must be seen as a value judgment regarding the level of
risk of being injured which is considered to be acceptable.
Health – in relation to work, indicates not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; it also
includes the physical and mental elements affecting health which are directly related to
safety and hygiene at work.
Incident: occurrence(s) arising out of or in the course of work that could or does result in
injury and ill health, i.e. injury and ill health: an adverse effect on the physical, mental or
cognitive condition of a person. [5] It should be noted that this definition is very broad and
goes beyond terms such as occupational disease and/or occupational accidents.
DEFINITIONS
Occupational health and safety policy: policy to prevent work-related injury and ill health to worker(s) and
to provide a safe and healthy workplace(s).
Hazard: source or situation with a potential to cause injury and ill health, an adverse effect on the physical,
mental or cognitive condition of a person.
Risk: effect of uncertainty.
Occupational health and safety risk: combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work-related
hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury and ill health that can be caused by the event or
exposures.
RISK ASSESSMENT
• It is the process of evaluating risks to workers’ safety and
health from workplace hazards.
• It is a systematic examination of all aspects of work that
considers:
• what could cause injury or harm
• whether the hazards could be eliminated and, if not,
• what preventive or protective measures are, or
should be, in place to control the risks
PREVENTION
• All the steps or measures taken or planned at all stages of
work in the undertaking to prevent or reduce occupational
risks
• Prevention is organized based on
1. eliminate the hazard
2. substitute with less hazardous materials, processes,
operations or equipment;
3. use engineering controls;
4. use administrative controls;
5. provide and ensure use of adequate personal protective
equipment
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
VS
OCCUPACIONAL ACCIDENT
Occupational disease: any disease contracted as a result of an exposure to risk factors
arising from work activity. Examples include respiratory diseases (e.g. asbestosis or
occupational asthma), skin diseases, musculoskeletal disorders and occupational cancer.
Occupational accident: a discrete occurrence in the course of work which leads to
physical or mental harm
Infracciones del empresario (Spain)
Administrativa (multas de 40€ a 819.000€)
Civil (indemnización trabajador)
Penal (desde multa a cárcel)
Recargo prestaciones
Seguridad Social (30% al 50%)
Bibliografía
• Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre, por
el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley del
Estatuto de los Trabajadores.
• Ley 31/1995, de 8 de noviembre, de prevención de
Riesgos Laborales.
• Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015, de 30 de octubre, por
el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General
de la Seguridad Social.
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]