Problem 3 Explanation
Aadi Kalra
November 11, 2024
Unit 11 Problem 3 Explanation
1 Problem
Diagonalize the matrix
−10 3
A=
−18 5
If D = P −1 AP write the matrices D, P, and P −1
2 Solution
First, we solve for P.
We first add −λ to the diagonal values in our matrix, and then find the
determinant.
−λ − 10 3
A=
−18 5−λ
(−λ − 10) · (5 − λ) − (3) · (−18) = (λ + 4)(λ + 4)
This gives us eigenvalues of -1
and -4. Now we plug these
in to find
our
−λ − 10 3 −9 3
eigenvectors. We plug it into and get . We
−18 5−λ −18 6
reduce
to row echelon form and solve, ending with our final eigenvector of
1
3
1
We then repeat this process
for the eigenvector -4. We plug it into
−λ − 10 3 −6 3
and get . We reduce to row echelon form
−18 5−λ −18 9
1
1
and solve, ending with our final eigenvector of 2
1
This means our P Matrix is:
1 1
3 2
1 1
To create our diagonal matrix, we plug in our eigenvalues on the diagonal
of the matrix, leaving the other values as 0. We get the following matrix:
We plug it into
−1 0
0 −4
Finally, we must find P −1 , for which we just find the inverse of our
matrix P. We can use Gauss-Jordan elimination, and make the following
transformations to our matrix P:
Multiply row 1 by 3
Subtract row 2 by row 1
Multiply row 2 by -2
Multiply row 2 by 23 and subtract it from row 1
This should leave us with a final matrix of
−6 3
6 −2
3 Answer
Our P matrix is:
1 1
3 2
1 1
Our D Matrix is:
−1 0
0 −4
And finally our P −1 matrix is:
−6 3
6 −2