GCV of Bagasse 2283.52575 Cp 0.

6014 at 540 & 100 Bar

m 4.5 H2 3

Cpf 0.23 M 50

tf 110 AAS 3.069 16 % Extra

ta 35 Pol 1.5

Humidity factor 2.04

Dry Flue Gas 3.39934858 Fly Ash 0

Water Evaporation 7.438425 Bottom Ash 0

Fuel Moisture 13.7748611 Radiation 0.1

Air Moisture 0.12366472 Total Losses 24.836299426

Efficiency = 75.163700574196
 N 0.0018
C 0.2265
Sucrose 0.018 H2 0.029
Moisture 0.52 S 0.0066
O2% 5 O2 0.2186
Excess air 0.848852 T.A 2.716326
Alfa 0.975
Beta 0.97
gamma 0.95
Stack 110

q 110.8831
Mv 1433.512 90.04473
NCV 1706.4
GCV 2221.831
Efficiency 84.00797
1592.729
 C 0.234
Sucrose 0.03 H2 0.028
Moisture 0.5 S 0.0066
O2% 5 O2 0.23
Excess air 0.849701 1.4 T.A 2.719043
Alfa 0.975
Beta 0.97
gamma 0.95
Stack 120
GCV 3909.6 BTU/LB
q 169.8 BTU/LB
Mv 2740.67
NCV 3220.2 BTU/LB

Efficiency 85.10869
 HP Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Indirect Method)
Cp (Sp. Heat of Steam)
0.6014
Bagasse M (Moisture) % 50
Kcal/kg @ 540C & 100 Bar Composition
m (Mass of Flue gass) 4.6 Carbon % 22.65 Pol % 1.5

Cpf (Sp. Heat of Flue Gas)

0.23 Hydrogen % 2.9 GCV kcal/kg 2194.47
Kcal/kg
Tf (Stack Temp) 143 Oxygen % 21.86 LCV Kcal/kg 1807

Theoretical Air kg/kg of

Ta (Ambient Temp.) 30 Sulphur % 0.06 Bagasse
2.69

Humidity factor 2.04 Nitrogen % 0.18

Actual Air Supplied
O2 % 3.5 Excess Air % 20 3.23
kg/kg of Bagasse

M:50%, Tf:143 C M:48%, Tf:120 C &

Losses % & Ta: 30 C Ta:45 C
M:46, Tf:110, Ta:100

1 Dry Flue Gas 5.45 3.69 0.48

Water Evaporation
2 7.75 7.48 6.87
(due to H2 in fuel)

3 Fuel Moisture 14.85 13.76 12.37

4 Air Moisture 0.20 0.13 0.02

5, 6 Fly & Bottom Ash Est. 0.40 0.4 0.4

7 Radiation Est. 0.50 0.4 0.4

Total Losses % @ GCV 29.16 25.86 20.54
Efficiency % @ GCV 70.84 74.14 79.46
Total Losses % @ LCV 35.23 29.61 22.61
Efficiency % @ LCV 64.77 70.39 77.39
Steam Fuel Ratio Est. 2.22 2.32 2.42
 LP Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Indirect Method)
Cp (Sp. Heat of Steam)
0.55
Bagasse M (Moisture) % 50
Kcal/kg @ 350 C & 24 Bar Composition
m (Mass of Flue gass) 4.6 Carbon % 22.65 Pol % 1.5
Cpf (Sp. Heat of Flue Gas)
0.23 Hydrogen % 2.9 GCV kcal/kg 2194.47
Kcal/kg
Tf (Stack Temp) 143 Oxygen % 21.86 LCV Kcal/kg 1807
Theoretical Air kg/kg of
Ta (Ambient Temp.) 30 Sulphur % 0.06 Bagasse
2.69

Humidity factor 2.04 Nitrogen % 0.18

Actual Air Supplied
O2 % 4 Excess Air % 23.529412 3.32
kg/kg of Bagasse

M:50%, Tf:143 C M:48%, Tf:120 C &

Losses % & Ta: 30 C Ta:45 C
M:46, Tf:110, Ta:100

1 Dry Flue Gas 5.45 3.69 0.53

Water Evaporation
2 7.69 7.44 7.01
(due to H2 in fuel)
3 Fuel Moisture 14.72 13.68 13.55
4 Air Moisture 0.19 0.12 0.02
5 Fly Ash Estimated. 0.20 0.2 0.2
6 Bottom Ash Est. 0.20 0.2 0.2
7 Radiation Est. 0.40 0.4 0.4
Total Losses % @ GCV 28.85 25.73 21.91
Efficiency % @ GCV 71.15 74.27 78.09
Total Losses % @ LCV 34.86 29.45 22.59
Efficiency % @ LCV 65.14 70.55 77.41
Steam Fuel Ratio Est. 2.22 2.32 2.42
Refrences
[Link]
indirect-method-thermodynamics/51243
1

2 [Link]

Nishant Singh et al. (2018) “Performance evaluation Of Boiler In 46mw Bagasse Based Cogeneration Power Plant”
3 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 6 (2018) pp. 149-158 ©
Research India Publications. [Link]

4 2. [Link]
 HP Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Indirect Method)
Cp (Sp. Heat of Steam)
0.607595
Bagasse M (Moisture) % 50
Kcal/kg @ 540C & 100 Bar Composition
m (Mass of Flue gass) 4.5 Carbon % 22.65 Pol % 1.4

Cpf (Sp. Heat of Flue Gas)

0.23 Hydrogen % 2.9 GCV kcal/kg 2194.47
Kcal/kg
Tf (Stack Temp) 104 Oxygen % 21.86 LCV Kcal/kg 1808.2

Theoretical Air
Ta (Ambient Temp.) 25 Sulphur % 0.06 kg/kg of Bagasse
2.69

Humidity factor 2.04 Nitrogen % 0.18

Actual Air
O2 % 7 Excess Air % 50 Supplied kg/kg 4.04
of Bagasse

Losses % LP 1 LP 2 LP 4 HMC 1 HMC 2 HMC 3

1 Dry Flue Gas 3.73

Water Evaporation
2 7.52
(due to H2 in fuel)

3 Fuel Moisture 14.40

4 Air Moisture 0.18

5, 6 Fly & Bottom Ash Est. 0.40

7 Radiation Est. 0.50

Total Losses % @ GCV 26.72 0 0
Efficiency % @ GCV 73.28 100 100 100 100
 LP Boilers Efficiencies (Indirect Method)

Steam Steam FW Steam Bagasse Stack Efficiency %

Steam Flow TPH Pressure Temp. C Temp. C O2 % Ratio Temp. C @ GCV
(bar)
LP 1 58 24 360 93 7 est. 2.16 171 68.31
LP 2 53 24 340 93 7 2.19 172 68.20
LP 3 77 24 397 93 9.6 2.03 176 67.93
LP 4 30 24 330 93 8 est. 2.2 178 67.71
HMC 1 72 24 350 93 5.63 2.18 180 67.67
HMC 2 75 24 360 93 6.6 2.14 186 67.24

HP Boilers Efficiencies (Indirect Method)

HP 100 80 47 395 96 7.2 2.24 122 72.09
HP 150 104 92 497 96 9 2.06 125 71.75
HP 170 115 91 498 96 7 2.13 104 73.28
 Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Direct Method)
Parameters
HP Boilers LP Boilers
170 150 100 LP 1 LP 2 LP 3 LP 4 HMC 1 HMC 2
Capacity TPH 115 104 80 58 53 77 30 72 75
Pressure Bar (g) 91 92 47 24 24 24 24 24 24
Steam Temp. C 498 497 395 360 340 397 330 350 360
Sp. Enthalpy Steam Kcal/kg 807 806.49 761.57 752.45 741.51 772.39 735.97 747 752.45
FW Temp. C 96 96 96 93 93 93 93 93 93
SP. Enthalpy Water Kcal/kg 96 96 96 93 93 93 93 93 93
Ambient Air Temp. 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
O2 7 9 7.2 7 7 9.6 7 5.63 6.6
Excess Air Ratio (m) 1.50 1.75 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.84 1.50 1.37 1.46
Excess Air qty./kg of fuel 1.35 2.02 1.40 1.35 1.35 2.27 1.35 0.99 1.23
Theoretical Air kg/kg of fuel 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69
q Kcal/kg 154.44 207.50 183.03 253.93 255.42 303.51 264.33 250.45 270.78
Mv Kcal/kg 1515.4 1466.7 1489.2 1424.1 1422.8 1378.7 1414.6 1427.3 1408.7
Stack Temp C 104 125 122 171 172 176 178 180 186
Bagasse Consumption TPH 53.96 50.38 35.76 26.86 24.16 37.94 13.64 32.99 35.11
(Steam flow/SB Ratio)
Steam Bagasse Ratio 2.13 2.06 2.24 2.16 2.19 2.03 2.20 2.18 2.14
Mv/enthalpy diff.
1- Efficiency @ NCV 83.86 81.17 82.41 78.81 78.74 76.30 78.28 78.99 77.96
Efficiency @ GCV 69.05 66.84 67.86 64.90 64.83 62.83 64.46 65.04 64.19

2- Efficiency @ NCV (Mv/NCV) 83.86 81.17 82.41 78.81 78.74 76.30 78.28 78.99 77.96

Wet Bagasse Composition %

Carbon 22.65 Moisture 50 Losses
Hydrogen 2.9 Pol 1.5 Alpha 0.975
Oxygen 21.86 NCV Kcal/kg 1807.00 Beta 0.99
Sulphur 0.06 GCV Kcal/kg 2194.47 Gamma 0.95
Nitrogen 0.18
 Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Direct Method)
Wet Bagasse Composition % Other Useful Parameters
Carbon 22.65
Parameters
Boilers
Hydrogen 2.9 China (HSM) Descon Chiniot Fatima (FW)
Oxygen 21.86 Capacity TPH 170 140 155 215
Sulphur 0.06 Pressure Bar (g) 100 66 110 90
Nitrogen 0.18 Steam Temp. C 540 485 540 540

Moisture % 49 Sp. Enthalpy Steam 830.34 807.09 827.83 832.82

Kcal/kg
Pol % 1.5 FW Temp. C 105 105 210 125

NCV Kcal/kg 1855.50 SP. Enthalpy Water 105 105 203.6 125.5
Kcal/kg
GCV Kcal/kg 2194.47 Bagasse Consumption 81.34 63.20 61.09 94.37
TPH
Steam Bagasse Ratio 2.09 2.22 2.54 2.28
Efficiency @ NCV 81.70 83.82 85.36 86.85
Efficiency @ GCV 69.08 70.87 72.17 73.43
Given Efficiency % .. 70.5 GCV 71 GCV 84.45 LCV

@ 𝑵𝑪𝑽= (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐹𝐿𝑜𝑤 𝑋(𝑆𝑝. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚−𝑆𝑝. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟))/(𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋 𝑵𝑪𝑽) 𝑋 100

@ 𝑮𝑪𝑽= (𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐹𝐿𝑜𝑤 𝑋(𝑆𝑝. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚−𝑆𝑝. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟))/(𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋 𝑮𝑪𝑽) 𝑋 100
 Boiler Efficiency Calculation (Direct Method)
Wet Bagasse Composition % Other Useful Parameters
Carbon 22.65
Parameters
Boilers
Hydrogen 2.9 China (HSM) Descon Chiniot Fatima (FW)
Oxygen 21.86 Capacity TPH 170 140 155 215
Sulphur 0.06 Pressure Bar (g) 100 66 110 90
Nitrogen 0.18 Steam Temp. C 540 485 540 540
Moisture 50 Sp. Enthalpy Steam Kcal/kg 830.34 807.09 827.83 832.82
Pol 1.5 FW Temp. C 105 105 210 125
NCV Kcal/kg 1807.00 SP. Enthalpy Water Kcal/kg 105 105 203.6 125.5
GCV Kcal/kg 2194.47 Ambient Air Temp. 30 30 30 26.5
Hot Air Temp. 220 200 225 204
O2 4 4 4 4
Excess Air Ratio (m) 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24
Excess Air qty./kg of fuel 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63
Losses Theoretical Air kg/kg of fuel 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69
Alpha 0.975 q Kcal/kg 155.96 155.96 155.96 155.96
Beta 0.99 Mv Kcal/kg 1513.98 1513.98 1513.98 1513.98
Gamma 0.95 Stack Temp C 120 120 120 120
Steam Bagasse Ratio 2.09 2.16 2.43 2.14
Mv/enthalpy diff.
Bagasse Consumption TPH 81.45 64.92 63.91 100.45
(Steam flow/SB Ratio)
1- Efficiency @ NCV 83.78 83.78 83.78 83.78
Efficiency @ GCV 68.99 68.99 68.99 68.99

2- Efficiency @ NCV (Mv/NCV) 83.78 83.78 83.78 83.78