EXPERIMENT NUMBER

TITLE e.g. “Experiment 1”.

e.g. “Frequency Give the increasing
Response of the R-L number of the
Network”. Give the experiments actually
title as this appears in contacted in this
the Lab handout course, not the
experiment number in
the Lab handout

ENG 3530 Electronics and Instrumentation

Instructor: Hongbo Zhang

All Team Member Names: Author’s Name

Partner’s Name

Experiment Contacted on: DD/MM/YYYY

Report Submitted on: DD/MM/YYYY

Department of Engineering Technology

Middle Tennessee State University

 Table of Contents (Use Word Table Content Function)
OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND THEORY (or INTRODUCTION)......................................................... 1
EQUIPMENT and COMPONENTS USED ....................................................................... 2
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND PROCEDURE ......................................................... 3
Part 1 ............................................................................................................................... 3
Part 2 ............................................................................................................................... 4
OBSERVATIONS, DATA, FINDINGS and RESULTS ................................................... 4
Data discussion ............................................................................................................... 5
Graphs ............................................................................................................................. 5
Error Analysis ................................................................................................................. 5
PROBLEMS/QUESTIONS ................................................................................................ 7
RECOMMENDATIONS and CONCLUSIONS ................................................................ 7

ii
OBJECTIVES
Under “Objectives” you write the main outcomes expected from the experiment. In other
words, the objectives reflect on the purpose and usefulness of the experiment. You should
never copy the objectives from the lab handout. Instead, you should paraphrase. As an
example consider the following:
This sample report aims to:
• Provide a guide to be followed by all students required to submit experiment
reports
• Make the student familiar with many features of MS Word
• Encourage students to use these tools when writing professional engineering
reports

BACKGROUND THEORY or INTRODUCTION (One

Page)

In this section, and using your own words, summarize and present the theoretical background and
analysis, which should (at least in theory) support create figures, you should

• NEVER copy graph from the findings of the experiment.

• NEVER copy graph from Lab instructions

Figure 1. An arbitrary configuration of three resistances. Source:

[Link] (retrieved July 9, 2007)

1
 Introduction should introduce enough background of the Lab. It should include the
follwings.
(1) Describe the general motivation of the lab.
(2) Review the knowledge from our class as well. In such way, you can reinforce your
learning. It is highly that you describe the theory in details such that your audience can
understand it.

For the representation of electric components (like resistors, capacitors etc.) or electric
circuits you MUST use either Multi-Sim or Circuit Lab. (see figure 2).
Also, if equations are needed, MS equation Editor MUST be used. In
general, when writing reports always number the pages as in the current sample and
never use font larger than 12 pt. for text. In addition, use justified alignment and single
line spacing.

R1 R2

3.2kΩ 2kΩ

Vs

Figure 2. A sample circuit created in Electronics WorkBench.

EQUIPMENT and COMPONENTS USED

In a professional report these are needed to offer the capacity for another team to
replicate the experiment conditions and verify the findings. To do so, a list of the
components and the exact equipment used must be provided. Equipment info should
always include:

• Name: (e.g. Digital Multimeter)

• Brand: (e.g. Good Will Instruments Co. Ltd.)
• Model: (e.g. GDM-8135)
• Serial Number: (e.g. CF-922334)

An arbitrary example of the “Equipment and Components Used” section follows:

• Digital Multimeter (Brand: Good Will Instruments Co. Ltd, Model:
GDM-8135, Serial Number: CF-922334)

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 • Dual Trace Oscilloscope (Brand: HAMEG, Model: HM 203-6, Serial
Number: 46/87 Z33418)
• Two 20KΩ resistors
• One 1µF Capacitor

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND PROCEDURE

In this section you will need to present the step-by-step procedure of the experiment. Do
not straight copy from the lab handout. In cases where the experiment procedure is made
up of many parts, use subsections to identify them (like “Part 1” and “Part 2” that
follow).
As already mentioned, if you need to present equations anywhere in the text, for example
V
Ohm’s Law, you MUST use equation editor, meaning R = . In case you reference these
I
equations, you should use equation numbering by center writing the equation in a
separate line, i.e.:
V
R= (1)
I

Part 1
Use the above template for subsection title. Make sure subsections are shown in the Table
of Contents (ToC). Usually these subtitles correspond to different parts of the experiment
procedure. As an example consider:
The circuit in figure 2 was constructed in order to verify the voltage divider equation.
Using Ohm’s law (eq. 1), and looking at the circuit in figure 2, the voltage divider
equation can be derived as follows:
 Vs 
VR2 = I mesh × R2 =   × R2 (2)
 R1 + R2 
To verify (eq. 2), the supply voltage (Vs) was varied from 0 to 10 volts and the voltage
across R2 ( VR2 ) was measured. The measured VR2 was then compared against theoretical
VR2 as in table 1.

3
Part 2
In this part the power consumption at R2 is calculated from the mesh current of the
circuit of figure 2. With respect to that circuit, and since R1 and R2 are in series, the mesh
current is given by:
Vs
I mesh = (3)
R1 + R2
and the power consumption at R2 by:
PR2 = I mesh
2
× R2 (4)

By varying the voltage of VS in figure 2, the voltage drop across R2 ( VR2 ) was measured
and the mesh current ( I mesh ) and the power consumption at R2 ( PR2 ) were calculated.
The results are conveniently presented in Table 2

OBSERVATIONS, DATA, FINDINGS and RESULTS

Present the data as these were obtained. Often times these must be in the form of a table
as the samples provided for your convenience below in Tables 1 and 2. Make sure that
the quantity units are shown in brackets in the column titles and be careful to correctly
use prefixes like micro- (µ) and milli- (m) and symbols (like the symbol for Ohms, Ω).
Note that you have to comment on which columns were obtained by direct measurement
and which columns where the result of calculations.

Table 1. Verifying the voltage divider equation. Table captions MUST be on top of the table

Vs (Volts) VR2 calculated (Volts) VR2 measured (Volts)

0.00 0.00 -0.06
2.00 0.77 0.76
4.00 1.54 1.54
6.00 2.31 2.22
8.00 3.08 3.15
10.00 3.85 3.76

Be sure to be consistent with symbols and units throughout the experiment report. The
following subsections explain more about data discussion and graphs.

4
Discuss the obtained results. For example you can compare experimental and theoretical
(expected) results and provide first comments on any discrepancies (discuss possible
sources of error, including the human factor, instrument error, limitations of
theoretical/experimental models).

Table 2. Results of part 2.

Vs (V) VR2 (V) I mesh (mA) PR2 (mW)

1.05 0.41 0.20 0.08
2.02 0.73 0.39 0.30
3.05 1.27 0.59 0.69
3.98 1.63 0.77 1.17
5.01 1.86 0.96 1.86
5.96 2.33 1.15 2.63
6.99 2.63 1.34 3.61
8.03 3.11 1.54 4.77
9.04 3.53 1.74 6.04
9.95 3.93 1.91 7.33
11.03 4.31 2.12 9.00
12.05 4.61 2.32 10.74

Error Analysis
In this subsection of an error analysis should be provided that compares the theoretical
(calculated) to the obtained (measured) results. The formula needed follows:

calculated − measured
% error = × 100% (5)
caluclated

5
So, as an example consider the results in table 1. Using equation 5, one can calculate that
the % error between calculated and measured VR2 when Vs is 10 volts is:

3.85 − 3.76
% error of VR2 (Vs = 10) = × 100% = 2.33%
3.85

Sample Graph for table 1

4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
VR2 (volts)

2.50 Calculated
2.00 Measured
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Vs (volts)

Figure 3. Graph of contents of table 1. (captioning is always positioned below the figure)

Table 2 results

12

10
VR2, Imesh, PR2

8
VR2
6 Imesh
PR2
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Vs

Figure 4. Graph of table 2

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CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions indicate the significance of the findings, their usefulness and possible
advantages or limitations. Potential applications of the results may also be
presented. If results do not agree with theory, you should provide a deeper analysis
of what you believe went wrong.

NOTE THAT, PLEASE ATTACH ALL CODES (FILES)