Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
1) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) O, S, Se
B) N, O, F
C) Na, Mg, K
D) S, Se, Si
E) Ne, Na, Mg
2) Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is ________.
A) less efficient than that by valence electrons
B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
C) essentially identical to that by valence electrons
D) responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E) both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in atomic
radius going down a group
3) The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because ________.
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the
valence orbitals increases
4) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?
A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
E) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na
5) Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?
A) B5-, Si4-, As3-, Te2-
B) F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
C) S, Cl, Ar, K
D) Si2-, P2-, S2-, Cl2-
E) O2-, F-, Ne, Na+
6) Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?
A) K+ < Ca2+ < Ar < Cl-
B) < Ar < K+ < Ca2+
C) Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl-
D) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl-
E) Ca2+ < K+ < Cl- < Ar
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7) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al
C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar
D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar
E) S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar
8) ________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.
A) Alkali metals
B) Transition elements
C) Halogens
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases
9) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of aluminum?
A) Al+ (g) + e- → Al (g)
B) Al (g) → (g) + e-
C) Al- (g) + e- → Al2- (g)
D) Al+ (g) + e- → Al2+ (g)
E) Al+ (g) → Al2+ (g) + e-
10) Which ion below has the largest radius?
A) Cl-
B) K+
C) Br-
D) F-
E) Na+
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
11) The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is
________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
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12) The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is ____
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
13) The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
14) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is ________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
15) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?
A) Br (g) → Br+ (g) + e-
B) Br (g) + e- → Br- (g)
C) Br2 (g) + e- → Br- (g)
D) Br2 (g) + 2e- → 2Br- (g)
E) Br+ (g) + e- → Br (g)
16) Of the elements below, ________ is the most metallic.
A) sodium
B) barium
C) magnesium
D) calcium
E) cesium
17) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is ________.
A) B > N > C
B) F > Cl > S
C) Si > P > S
D) P > S > Se
E) Na > K > Rb
18) Of the elements below, ________ has the highest melting point.
A) Ca
B) K
C) Fe
D) Na
E) Ba
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19) Of the following metals, ________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Al
B) Rb
C) Mg
D) Ni
E) Cs
20) Of the following oxides, ________ is the most acidic.
A) CaO
B) CO2
C) Al2O3
D) Li2O
E) Na2O
21) Transition metals within a period differ mainly in the number of ________ electrons.
A) s
B) p
C) d
D) f
E) all of the above
22) Nonmetals can be ________ at room temperature.
A) solid, liquid, or gas
B) solid or liquid
C) solid only
D) liquid only
E) liquid or gas
23) Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?
A) acidic oxides
B) low ionization energies
C) malleability
D) ductility
E) These are all characteristics of metals.
24) When two elements combine to form a compound, the greater the difference in metallic character
between the two elements, the greater the likelihood that the compound will be ________.
A) a gas at room temperature
B) a solid at room temperature
C) metallic
D) nonmetallic
E) a liquid at room temperature
25) Alkaline earth metals ________.
A) have the smallest atomic radius in a given period
B) form monoanions
C) form basic oxides
D) exist as triatomic molecules
E) form halides with the formula MX
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26) Between which two elements is the difference in metallic character the greatest?
A) Rb and O
B) O and I
C) Rb and I
D) Li and O
E) Li and Rb
27) Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns 2np5 and the following statements:
(i) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions.
(ii) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large
positive electron affinities.
(iii) Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv) Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides.
Which statements are true?
A) (i) and (ii)
B) (i), (ii), and (iii)
C) (ii) and (iii)
D) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
E) All statements are true.
28) Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?
A) very high melting point
B) existence as diatomic molecules
C) formation of dianions
D) the lowest first ionization energies in a period
E) the smallest atomic radius in a period
29) Consider the following properties of an element:
(i) It is solid at room temperature.
(ii) It easily forms an oxide when exposed to air.
(iii) When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves.
(iv) It must be stored submerged in oil.
Which element fits the above description the best?
A) sulfur
B) copper
C) mercury
D) sodium
E) magnesium
30) The reaction of alkali metals with oxygen produce ________.
A) oxides
B) peroxides
C) superoxides
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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31) Which of the following generalizations cannot be made with regard to reactions of alkali metals? (The
symbol M represents any one of the alkali metals.)
A) M (s) + O2 (g) → MO2 (s)
B) 2M (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2MOH (aq) + H2 (g)
C) 2M (s) + H2 (g) → 2MH (s)
D) 2M (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2MCl (s)
E) 2M (s) + S (s) → M2S (s)
32) Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because ________.
A) alkali metals have lower densities
B) alkali metals have lower melting points
C) alkali metals have greater electron affinities
D) alkali metals have lower ionization energies
E) Alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals.
33) Which alkaline earth metal will not react with liquid water or with steam?
A) Be
B) Mg
C) Ca
D) Ba
E) They all react with liquid water and with steam.
34) Which element is solid at room temperature?
A) Cl2
B) F2
C) Br2
D) I2
E) H2
35) All of the halogens ________.
A) exist under ambient conditions as diatomic gases
B) tend to form positive ions of several different charges
C) tend to form negative ions of several different charges
D) exhibit metallic character
E) form salts with alkali metals with the formula MX
36) ________ is isoelectronic with argon, and ________ is isoelectronic with neon.
A) P3-, N3-
B) P2-, N2-
C) P3+, N3+
D) N3-, P3-
E) P, N