Model Answer for Completion Operation Problems
Point A in a shut-in live well is a point of balance where pressure exerted from
reservoir side should equal pressure exerted from well side
@ Reservoir Side: PA = Reservoir Pressure = Formation Pressure = Bottom-
hole Pressure (BHP)
@ Well Side: PA = Hydrostatic pressure exerted by fluids inside the well
(Water, oil, gas) + Shut-in Wellhead Pressure
BHP = Preservoir = Pformation = HPWater + HPOil + HPGas + SIWHP
Hydrostatic pressure may be due to:
1. Gas only
2. Oil only
3. Liquid only
4. Gas & oil
5. Gas & liquid
BHP / Pr / Pf
BHP = Pr = Pf = Formation gradient (psi/ft) * Total depth of the well (ft, TVD)
HPG
HPG= Gas gradient (psi/ft) * Length of gas column from surface to liquid level (ft, TVD)
HPG= Gas gradient (psi/ft) * depth of liquid level (ft, TVD)
HPL / HPO
HPL / HPO = Oil / Liquid gradient (psi/ft) * Length of Oil / Liquid column from Oil / liquid
level to depth of Pressure calculation, commonly SSD depth (ft, TVD)
HPL / HPO = Oil / Liquid gradient (psi/ft) * [point of pressure calculation depth (SSD
depth) - depth of liquid / Oil level] (ft, TVD)
HPL / HPO = 0.052 * ρ * H
HPL / HPO = 0.433 * ɣ * H
Where:
ρ = Density of liquid / oil in PPG
ɣ = specific gravity of liquid / oil
H = Length of oil / liquid column in ft, TVD
Specific Gravity calculations
1- Specific gravity = [Density of liquid or oil in PPG] / [8.33 which is water density in
PPG]
2- Specific gravity = 141.5 / [131.5 + API]
Volume (BBL) = Capacity (BBL/ft.) * Length (ft., MD)
Volume (BBL) = ID2 * L /1030
Where
ID = Internal Diameter (inch)
L = Length (ft., MD)
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V4 = V1 + V2 + V3
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V2 + V3 = Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume
V2 = Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume – V3
V3 = Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume – V2
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V4 = V1 + Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume
Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume = V4 – V1
V1 = V4 - Closed-End Tubing Displacement Volume
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V1 + V2 = Full Well-bore Volume(entire, whole, complete, one full circulation)
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V4 = V3 + Full well-bore Volume
Full well-bore Volume = V4 – V3
Bottom-up volume = Annulus volume
Bottom-up volume for forward circulation = Annulus volume
Bottom-up volume for reverse circulation = tubing volume
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No. of strokes = Volume in BBL / Pump displacement in BBL/stroke
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Pump Time = Volume in BBL / Pump Rate in BPM
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