For BD+C projects
Identify and document the items found under the following sections:
• Energy-Related Systems
• Water-Related Systems
For ID+C projects
Identify and document the items found under the following sections:
• Energy-Related Systems
• Site Selection
For one additional point, complete Water-Related Systems
Energy-Related Systems
Required for BD+C and ID+C projects
Describe the baseline assumptions for each component.
Site 100ft x 100ft semi-shaded square lot with natural land coverings. The lot is relatively
Conditions flat, allowing for building placement in any location on the lot. The street side of the lot
(BD+C only) faces south/southwest, and is home to a large tree that provides shade over a
significant portion of the site. Adjacent buildings abut the walls delineating the property
line. Baseline building requires hardscape area for parking for up to 3 vehicles. Other
site areas will contain softscapes for play areas, vegetable gardens, and native flora.
Massing and 6000 square foot building needed to meet programatic requirements. Baseline building
Orientation is a 3 story rectangularly shaped building with long edge of the rectangle facing
(BD+C only) east/west while the short edge faces north/south, allowing the long edge to capture
prevailing winds for natural conditioning/ventilation. Baseline building structure is CMU
block as it is most prevalent local building material. Baseline building is placed in the
center-rear of the site to allow for vehicle access and separation from neighboring
buildings on both sides of the site.
Basic Reinforced concrete masonry structure with window openings designed for airflow
Envelope throughout the building to accommodate natural ventilation. Larger window openings
Attributes facing east to capture the prevailing wind and smaller openings on the west side to
allow for heat to escape the building. Windows are 100% operable and have shading
devices to reduce solar heat gain.
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Lighting The baseline building uses locally standard incandescant lighting, and natural daylight
Levels to light the occupied spaces. Walls are light in color to allow for higher reflectance and
lower artificial lighting levels.
Thermal The project is in a warm, humid country. The local people are accustomed to warm
Comfort weather. The baseline project is designed to be naturally ventilated to reduce energy
Ranges consumption.
Plug and The baseline project is designed with standard ASHRAE plugload density. The project
Process Load has 2 primary functions; residency for infants and young children, and offices for
Needs administrative support for the organization. The offices require loads sufficient for up to
15 laptops, a printer, and other basic office needs. Additionally, all water on site will
come from a well below the site. The well pumping system is a major process load for
this project and is anticipated to be the largest individual energy use on site.
Programmatic The building is occupied 24/7, as it is a residence for small children and their
and caretakers. A portion of the building is office space and will be occupied during standard
Operational business hours. These spaces are designed to be separate in order to allow the
Parameters children a safe space to play and call home while still allowing for full operational
efficiency of the organization. Additionally, the space is designed to be a community
resource and shelter in the event of an emergency, providing fresh water and a safe
place for the community should a disaster strike.
Describe at least two potential load reduction strategies that were assessed for each aspect through
simple box energy modeling before the completion of schematic design.
Site The large tree that provides shade for a significant portion of the site was investigated to
Conditions see if it can remain on the site to continue to provide shade and reduce solar heat gain
(BD+C only) in the project building during the day. Additionally, various hardscape elements were
analyzed, including pervious and light colored pavers to reduce the heat island effect
and keep cooling needs lower.
Massing and Both the original straight line building and a different design involving an L shaped
Orientation primary building to capture the prevailing wind and allow for natural ventilation and
(BD+C only) maximum daylighting were considered. The L shaped building will also allow for
additional solar exposure on the roof to maximize the potential output for a PV array.
Additionally, various locations on the project site were considered, including placing
long edge of the primary building on the north side of the site and on the east side of the
site.
Basic Various glazing systems and window options were considered to reduce energy loads
Envelope due to solar heat gains, including fully operable glass windows, and permanent
Attributes openings with shading devices. Additionally, the building's location and orientation on
the site was investigated in order to determine how lighting loads would be affected.
Lighting As mentioned above, building orientation, wall color and various materials were all
Levels considered when designing the project. The source of the lighting was also considered,
including investigations into LED and fluourescent technologies that can significantly
reduce the energy use of the lighting required on site.
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Thermal Because the project will be naturally ventilated, strategies for expanding thermal comfort
Comfort ranges focused primarily on reducing solar heat gain and adding circulation as
Ranges necessary. Ceiling fans add circulation and help improve overall occupant satisfaction
by widening the thermal comfort range, particularly on hot days, but they also add to the
energy use on site. Additional materials for the building skin, overhangs, and other
architectural elements were investigated to lower solar heat gain.
Plug and Load shedding is difficult in the office area of the project, but plug load reductions in
Process Load sleeping rooms and other areas of the facility were considered during the modeling
Needs phase. In the modeling process, loads were reduced to one standard outlet per sleeping
room since the young children will not require a lot of electronic devices. Additionally,
multiple pump sizes and well filtration options were considered in order to determine the
most efficient use of electricity while considering the water needs for the project.
Programmatic The programatic needs of the project have been fairly stable since the initial concept
and was introduced. However, there were considerations made for the size of the office area
Operational as well as the training facility. Various scenarios were also considered for the number of
Parameters sleeping rooms for the children.
Describe how research and analysis uncovered through discovery influenced the project building
program, form, geometry, and/or configuration.
Site The project opted to maintain the large specimen shade tree in order to lower the
Conditions impact of solar heat gain on the project building. Additionally, the project team elected to
(BD+C only) use lighter colored pavings and hardscapes to reduce the heat island effect. These
steps were likely to occur on the project anyway, but the discovery process did confirm
these best practices.
Massing and The discovery process helped determine that a single row of rooms along a corridor in a
Orientation “C” shape. This shape is pointing eastward to capture the nearly continuous trade
(BD+C only) winds. The single width of rooms allows all rooms to access the air flow, as well as be
completely day lit during daylight hours (near the equator, the shortest day of the year
still has 11 hours of daylight, (13 in the summer). The openings into rooms have been
shaped to allow the breezes to sweep the room, with openings high, and larger on the
windward side. To enhance day lighting and ventilation, the room height is 11’-6”,
allowing windows to be higher in the room, and keep heat higher. Floors are hard
surface, so that they are cool to the touch.
Basic To keep the building mass from becoming hot, the walls are designed to be a lighter
Envelope weight infill, and the structure is partially shaded by an outer screen wall of hardwood
Attributes rods.
Lighting The analysis confirmed that the lighting system within the residential portion of the
Levels building should be high efficacy fixtures such as CFL and LEDs. Additionally, lighting
controls such as occupancy sensors and timers are being considered to lower the
lighting load for the project.
Thermal The analysis confirmed that due to the moderate tropical climate, heating is not
Comfort necessary. All rooms will have operable louvered openings, with their openings and
Ranges arrangement optimized to receive the easterly trade winds which are quite constant.
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In an effort to save energy, mechanical cooling systems were kept to an absolute
minimum. The majority of the facility will take advantage of large openings to the
exterior, allowing all occupied spaces to qualify under ASHRAE 62.1 as naturally
ventilated. Air movement and perceived cooling in these areas will be accommodated
by natural breezes and ceiling fan assist.
Plug and The analysis for the project allowed the project team to determine that due to an
Process Load unreliable grid, the project needs to attempt to be net zero. therefore, the loads on the
Needs project need to be minimal. The analysis allowed the project team to determine critical
and non-critical loads and design the project with 2 electric panels that separate these
loads should there be a need to reduce the overall load of the building in an emergency
scenario.
Programmatic As mentioned above, most of the programatic elements were determined prior to the
and project concept phase. The analysis allowed the team to confirm the need for separate
Operational facilities for the office and childrens areas. This also influenced the final configuration of
Parameters the project, leading to the "C" shaped design.
Provide a brief explanation of how the research and analysis uncovered through discovery influenced the
project design and/or resulted in system downsizing. If applicable, give reasons for not addressing topics.
Site The existing site conditions and landcover influenced where the main building will be
Conditions located on the site. By studying the conditions, the team was able to determine the best
(BD+C only) location for a naturally ventilated, solar powered structure.
Massing and As mentioned above, much of the design was influenced by the study of the wind
Orientation patterns and the geography of the site itself. The massing of the building is optimized for
(BD+C only) natural ventilation and capturing the trade winds and as much sun as possible while still
limiting solar heat gain and ensuring occupant comfort.
Basic Building envelope features were designed with solar heat gain in mind, based on the
Envelope initial analysis. There are no windows on the project, all openings are hardwood louvers
Attributes with bug screen. This allows for maximum airflow and comfort on the project while
minimizing the energy required to cool the project.
Lighting Because light surfaces and maximum daylighting were assumed from the early stages
Levels due to the inconsistency of the local grid, the analysis had little impact on lowering
overall lighting (lumen) requirements. Changes to lighting type, such as the use of LEDs
and CFLs as well as automatic controls are options being considered in the final design
of the project that were introduced in the early discussions.
Thermal Initial models demonstrated that the best option for maximizing thermal comfort on the
Comfort project included using ceiling fans to increase the overall airflow through the project.
Ranges Therefore, fans were included in the design. In order to ensure that the fans do not draw
too much power, sensor technology is bein evaluated to ensure that they are not
running when a room is empty.
Plug and Overall plug loads were kept to a minimum in the residence area of the project to keep
Process Load energy use down. The office and kitchen areas required enough energy to operate all
Needs essential appliances and therefore additional plugs were added in these areas. The well
remains the largest overall process load for the site, as there are very few other energy-
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using systems.
Programmatic A few of the programatic elements involving serving the community were closely
and examined during this phase to ensure that the goal of providing sevices for the
Operational community don't interfere with the energy and water goals of the project. As such, some
Parameters of the community items were scaled back to ensure that these goals could be met.
Describe how this process informed changes made to the Owner's Project Requirements and Basis of
Design.
Site The large specimen shade tree was kept in the project and the parking area was placed
Conditions farther away from the main building in order to reduce heat island effect of hardscape
(BD+C only) close to the building. Native plantings were added to the perimeter walls to ensure that
the space is green and full of life while still allowing for a play area for the children.
Massing and The project was designed in a C shape and located on the western half of the site in
Orientation order to maximize capture of the trade winds in order to encourage natural ventilation
(BD+C only) and conditioning of the space.
Basic Shade devices are included to minimize solar heat gain. Walls and roofs are designed
Envelope with various insulation factors:
Attributes • U-Value for un-insulated wall is R-3.
• U-Value for insulated wall is R-10
• U-Value for doors is (wooden, solid) U = .5 R = 2
• U-Value for Windows is Metal Frame U = .71 SHGC = .73
• U-Value for the Roof is R-16
Lighting Light colored finishes are encouraged to enhance overall lighting quality while the
Levels lighting system within the building is to be designed per ASHRAE and Illuminating
Engineering Society (IES) recommendations. Given that the project is targeting
NetZero, it is crucial that the lighting load be minimal, yet still meet the IES
recommended foot-candle levels. Lighting control options were added to the BOD.
Thermal Ceiling fans were added to ensure a wider range of comfort for building occupants.
Comfort
Ranges
Plug and Loads were separated into "essential" and "non-essential" loads allowing for load
Process Load shedding in the event of an emergency. Other items identified above, including pump
Needs sizing and plug location were added to BOD.
Programmatic Programatic and operational parameters were determined prior. Slight adjustments
and were made in emergency situations to ensure that the building systems can withstand
Operational an emergency for a prolonged period of time.
Parameters
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Water-Related Systems
Required for BD+C projects. One additional point for ID+C projects.
Describe the baseline assumptions for each component.
Indoor Water Baseline indoor water demand assumes 38 full time residents (children and caretakers),
Demand 26 non-resident FTEs and up to 20 visitors at a time (on weekends). Additionally, in an
emergency scenario, the building is designed to provide sanctuary for up to 60 people
for up to 2 weeks. Baseline assumptions include standard LEED baseline assumptions
for residential indoor fixture use for the 38 residents (5 daily uses of lavatories and
lavatory sinks, 1 daily shower, etc.), 26 FTE (3 daily uses of lavatories, etc.) at LEED
baseline water use levels. Visitors are anticipated only on Saturdays and were
calculated at the same rate as the 26 FTE employees.
Outdoor Water The outdoor water baseline assumed full irrigation for the landscape features on the
Demand project, including vegetable gardens, green wall, and rooftop plantings including the
(BD+C only) green roof.
Process Water The kitchen is designed to serve the 38 residents with healthy, nutritious meals. All
Demand building occupant will use the filtered faucet in the sink to obtain potable drinking water.
The baseline assumption is that each occupant will obtain 1 gallon of water per day
from the filtered faucet. Additionally, a clothes washer and laundry sink will be used to
clean the clothing of the residents at the site.
Supply The baseline water supply source is the municipal water supply, which may not be
Sources accessible at the project site. This water supply is not safe for drinking in most
instances, even if it is available at the site. Traditionally, most businesses and buildings
in the surrounding area have potable water delivered via a large water tank truck and
stored on site in a tank.
Provide a brief explanation of how the research and analysis uncovered through discovery influenced the
project design and/or changes to the design. If applicable, give reasons for not addressing these topics.
Indoor Water Because water is a precious resource, and water traditionally has to be trucked in, water
Demand efficient fixtures, biodigesters, and other water saving measures were considered in
order to reduce water demand. The ultimate goal was to reduce indoor water use by up
to 50% if possible while still allowing for the basic needs of the project to take place,
including daily showers for the residents. Ultimately, low-flow, dual flush, and waterless
fixtures were selected to ensure maximum savings while maintaining performance.
Outdoor Water In order to reduce outdoor water use, it was determined to use only native and adaptive
Demand plants for all landscaping areas and to ensure that there would be no permanent
(BD+C only) irrigation system. This allows for a dramatic reduction in overall water use.
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Process Water Water efficient fixtures are planned for process water uses, but ultimately the process
Demand water was less of a concern than indoor and outdoor water use due to the fact that the
need for the laundry and kitchen facilities exists no matter what. By selecting water
efficient fixtures, the project team addressed this water use as best as they could,
especially considering there are no major process uses such as a cooling tower on this
project.
Supply The investigative process of this project revealed that there is a sufficient water source
Sources below the project site, and that a well could be drilled to supply water so the project
won't have to rely on water delivery for its water needs. Additionally, all rainwater on site
will be captured via a drainage system on the roof of the project building, permeable
pavement, an on-site wetland, and other on-site strategies. This water will be filtered
and treated on site, allowing it to be mixed with the well water, dramatically reducing the
amount of potable water used.
Describe how this process informed changes made to the Owner's Project Requirements and Basis of
Design.
Indoor Water The process had minimal impact on the OPR and BOD documents because water
Demand savings were already a stated goal for this project. Indoor water fixtures were always
going to be water efficient. If anything, this process encouraged the team to consider
additional methods for indoor water use reduction.
Outdoor Water The process ultimately led to the team selecting plantings, landscapes and hardscape
Demand features that allowed for the outdoor water use to be eliminated outside of the initial
(BD+C only) establishment period for the native plants used on site.
Process Water This process forced the team to consider whether certain process water elements were
Demand required on site, however, they ultimately are required to operate the project, therefore,
no major changes to these fixtures were made since water efficiency was already a
priority for this project.
Supply This process had a major impact on the supply sources discussion for the project.
Sources Because of the discovery of a well on site, the entire team worked to determine how to
best incorporate the well with the site landscaping and rainwater collection elements.
Explain how one on-site nonpotable water supply source was used to reduce municipal supply or
wastewater treatment for the demand components listed below. (For BD+C projects, potable water use
must be reduced for at least two demand components.)
Indoor Water Incorporating rainwater captured onsite, filtering and treating it, and mixing it with the
Demand well water allows for a tremendous reduction in the use of the well water. This treated
rainwater ultimately becomes potable water but comes from non-traditional sources.
Outdoor Water No outdoor water use. Not applicable.
Demand
(BD+C only)
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Process Water Incorporating rainwater captured onsite, filtering and treating it, and mixing it with the
Demand well water allows for a tremendous reduction in the use of the well water. This treated
rainwater ultimately becomes potable water but comes from non-traditional sources.
Supply Incorporating rainwater captured onsite, filtering and treating it, and mixing it with the
Sources well water allows for a tremendous reduction in the use of the well water. This treated
rainwater ultimately becomes potable water but comes from non-traditional sources.
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Site Selection
Required for ID+C projects
Describe the project goals related to each component.
Building Site
Attributes
Transportation
Building
Features
Occupant
Well-Being
Describe the suitability (or lack thereof) of the base building options considered for each site selection
component.
Building Site
Attributes
Transportation
Building
Features
Occupant
Well-Being
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Provide a brief explanation of how the analysis informed building site selection.
Building Site
Attributes
Transportation
Building
Features
Occupant
Well-Being
Provide a brief explanation of how the selected space meets the project goals related to indoor
environmental quality and occupant well-being.
Building Site
Attributes
Transportation
Building
Features
Occupant
Well-Being
Describe how this process informed changes made to the Owner's Project Requirements and Basis of
Design.
Building Site
Attributes
Transportation
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Building
Features
Occupant
Well-Being
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